柱撑粘土矿物的研究新进展——新矿物材料研究综述之一

柱撑粘土矿物作为一种大层间距的多酸型层柱微孔材料,是一种性能优异的催化剂和吸附剂,本文在较全面分析前人资料的基础上,结合笔者所做的工作,对柱撑粘土矿物的制备性能表征及其应用最新研究进展进行综述与展望。     

陶瓷釉矿物学特征的电子自旋共振(ESR)研究

早在６０年代初,Ｇｒｉｓｃｏｎ等人［１］就曾用ＥＳＲ方法对玻璃中的顺磁离子进行了研究。８０年代初Ｃａｎａｒａ等人［２］又用ＥＳＲ方法研究了硅酸玻璃、釉熔块和陶瓷色料的波谱特征,发现发色元素Ｃｒ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ等在釉料中的反应行为,石田等人［３］则研究了含铁高岭土和瓷胎中氧化铁的存在状态。８０年代末蔡秀成等人［４］应用ＥＳＲ方法探讨了景德镇传统“石灰碱釉”的油（煤）窑产品发黄机理。由此可见,用ＥＳＲ方法研究铁瓷釉及瓷胎中顺磁杂质离子的存在形式,对提高陶瓷质量和呈色机理的探讨有着广阔的应用前景。１　样…     

Negative ions in the auroral mesosphere during a PCA event around sunset

This is a study of the negative ion chemistry in the mesosphere above Tromsø using a number of EISCAT observations of high energy proton precipitation events during the last solar maximum, and in particular around sunset on 23 October, 1989. In these conditions it is possible to look at the relative importance of the various photodetachment and photodissociation processes controlling the concentration of negative ions. The data analysed are from several UHF GEN11 determinations of the ion-plasma ACF together with the pseudo zero-lag estimate of the ‘raw’ electron density, at heights between 55 km and 85 km, at less than 1 km resolution. The power profiles from the UHF are combined with the 55-ion Sodankylä model to obtain consistent estimates of the electron density, the negative ion concentrations, and the average ion mass with height. The neutral concentrations and ion temperature are given by the MSIS90 model. These parameters are then used to compare the calculated widths of the ion-line with the GEN11 determinations. The ion-line spectrum gives information on the effects of negative ions below 70 km where they are dominant; the spectral width is almost a direct measure of the relative abundance of negative ions.     

离子色谱分析中的样品预处理

总结了几种常用于离子色谱分析的样品预处理方法,其中包括流动相改性,气化分离法,离子交换法,膜技术,溶剂萃取,超临界流体萃取,固相萃取以及柱前和柱后衍生。引用主要参考文献１０篇。     

珠江口海水密度的研究

用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置,在１５ ～２５ ℃之间的三个温度下测定了珠江口２０ 个水样的密度。结果表明,测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值,在海水盐度范围０．０８～３３ ．４４６ ,密度平均偏差范围为２ ．４ ～５４．０ ×１０ － ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大,与盐度的变化成直线相关：与（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｓ、ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｓ比和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。珠江口水样（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃ１ 、ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｃ１ 和比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值１７ ．８ ％ 、８ ．２１ ％ 和１５２ ％ ,其余的Ｎａ ＋ ／Ｃ１、Ｋ＋ ／Ｃ１ 和Ｓｒ２ ＋ ／Ｃ１ 比值与大洋水无明显差别,基本类同。珠江口海水的高碱度、高（Ｃａ２ ＋ ）／Ｃ１ 和高ＳＯ４２ － ／Ｃ１ 是造成其海水密度正偏差的主要因素。经计算机拟合,首次导出了珠江口海水密度的状态方程,该方程计算值与实验值的平均标准偏差为±２．５×１０－ ３ｋｇ／ｍ３ 。     

STUDY FOR ABNORMAL VARIATIONS OF UNDERGROUND FLUID IN LIJIANG AREA,YUNNAN PROVINCE BEFORE LUDIAN MS6.5 EARTHQUAKE IN 2014

The study is based on the underground fluid observation data in Lijiang area, northwest Yunnan Province. The data include the water level and temperature in Dangxiao well and Jinjia well, and the ion measurements in Ganze spring. Combining with the data of regional hydrogeology, rainfall, well structures, and the geothermal gradient, we analyzed the variations of each measurement item before the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake on August 3, 2014 and discussed the possible mechanism for the abnormal variations. The water levels of both Dangxiao well and Jinjia well are influenced by local rainfall, but the former shows hysteresis according to rainy seasons and is the long trend influence; while the latter shows synchronization between high water level and rainy season, indicating good connection between well water and shallow aquifer. The recharge water for Dangxiao well is in relatively low temperature, and the temperature sensor is located at the major connecting section between the well water and the aquifer; the water temperature variation is mainly affected by the discharge status and variation of water level. The Jinjia well is always in static level, and the temperature sensor is below the major connecting section between the well water and aquifer, so the water temperature is affected little by water level variations and in smooth fluctuation. The recharge source for Ganze spring can generally increase the contents of calcium and magnesium ions, so does the conductivity. The water level data of Dangxiao well since 2012 are decomposed with wavelet technique. The results, excluding such high-frequency components as the noise and the semidiurnal and daily wave components influenced by earth tide, are further processed with difference method in order to eliminate the trend effect. The results show that the relative change of water level is enhanced and in relatively rapid increase before the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake; the corresponding water temperature values are high. The tendency of water level in Jinjia well displays descending, while the corresponding water temperature shows ascending. The content of calcium ion, magnesium ion, bicarbonate ion, and conductivity of Ganze spring are descending, while the content of fluoride ion is ascending. The abnormal variations of underground fluid in Lijiang area appeared in turns and were accompanied with minor earthquakes before Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake, which indicates enhancing of regional stress and increasing of fluid activity.     

CIC-200型离子色谱仪常见故障解析

结合夏县中心地震台CIC-200型离子色谱仪实际观测,从仪器输液系统、分离系统、基线、管路等方面详细阐述色谱仪常见故障,逐一分析原因,并给出相应故障排除方法,为同类仪器维护提供参考,并为获得准确观测数据,延长仪器使用寿命,提出日常维护方法及建议。     

海带对重金属的吸附位点研究

用甲醇、甲醛处理海带藻粉,对其吸附重金属时羧基和氨基的作用进行研究,经藻粉的红外光谱及吸附实验的分析结果表明;羧基和氨基均参入了吸附过程;化学处理降低了重金属的吸附量。     

特殊地质样品中钼同位素分析的化学前处理方法研究

Mo同位素的研究在地学领域应用广泛,它可以示踪Mo的全球循环、古海洋氧化还原条件、成矿过程、天体演化过程等。应用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法(MC-ICP-MS)分析Mo同位素比值前需对样品进行分离纯化,以富集Mo和去除Zr、Ru、Fe、Mn等干扰元素。处理某些Fe含量特别高且Ca含量也高的特殊地质样品(如含大量黄铁矿的钙质泥岩、钙质页岩等),若根据传统的阴阳离子交换树脂双柱法,需多次使用阳离子交换树脂分离Fe,步骤较繁琐且Mo回收率也会降低,而根据传统的阴离子交换树脂单柱法,使用1mol/L氢氟酸-0.5mol/L盐酸介质会产生较多CaF_2沉淀影响分离纯化效果。针对此类特殊地质样品,本实验使用同一阴离子树脂柱(AG1-X8,100～200目)对样品进行两次淋洗,第一次使用6mol/L盐酸,第二次使用1mol/L氢氟酸-0.1mol/L盐酸和6mol/L盐酸。结果表明Mo的回收率96%,干扰元素的去除效果好,尤其是Ru的去除率接近100%,比原方法提高了约12%。对实际样品进行实验的结果也显示,Mo的回收率和干扰元素的去除都符合要求,δ~(98/95)Mo测定值与文献报道值一致。改进后的阴离子交换树脂单柱-二次淋洗法适用于Fe、Ca含量较高的特殊样品,降低了分析成本,也适用于绝大多数地质样品。