海带对重金属的吸附位点研究

用甲醇、甲醛处理海带藻粉,对其吸附重金属时羧基和氨基的作用进行研究,经藻粉的红外光谱及吸附实验的分析结果表明;羧基和氨基均参入了吸附过程;化学处理降低了重金属的吸附量。     

Development and Re‐Evaluation of Tourmaline Reference Materials for In Situ Measurement of Boron δ Values by Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Six tourmaline samples were investigated as potential reference materials (RMs) for boron isotope measurement by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The tourmaline samples are chemically homogeneous and cover a compositional range of tourmaline supergroup minerals (primarily Fe, Mg and Li end‐members). Additionally, they have homogeneous boron delta values with intermediate precision values during SIMS analyses of less than 0.6‰ (2s). These samples were compared with four established tourmaline RMs, that is, schorl IAEA‐B‐4 and three Harvard tourmalines (schorl HS#112566, dravite HS#108796 and elbaite HS#98144). They were re‐evaluated for their major element and boron delta values using the same measurement procedure as the new tourmaline samples investigated. A discrepancy of about 1.5‰ in δ¹¹B was found between the previously published reference values for established RMs and the values determined in this study. Significant instrumental mass fractionation (IMF) of up to 8‰ in δ¹¹B was observed for schorl–dravite–elbaite solid solutions during SIMS analysis. Using the new reference values determined in this study, the IMF of the ten tourmaline samples can be modelled by a linear combination of the chemical parameters FeO + MnO, SiO₂ and F. The new tourmaline RMs, together with the four established RMs, extend the boron isotope analysis of tourmaline towards the Mg‐ and Al‐rich compositional range. Consequently, the in situ boron isotope ratio of many natural tourmalines can now be determined with an uncertainty of less than 0.8‰ (2s).     

New Reference Materials and Assessment of Matrix Effects for SIMS Measurements of Oxygen Isotopes in Garnet

Accurate ion microprobe analysis of oxygen isotope ratios in garnet requires appropriate reference materials to correct for instrumental mass fractionation that partly depends on the garnet chemistry (matrix effect). The matrix effect correlated with grossular, spessartine and andradite components was characterised for the Cameca IMS 1280HR at the SwissSIMS laboratory based on sixteen reference garnet samples. The correlations fit a second‐degree polynomial with maximum bias of ca. 4‰, 2‰ and 8‰, respectively. While the grossular composition range 0–25% is adequately covered by available reference materials, there is a paucity of them for intermediate compositions. We characterise three new garnet reference materials GRS2, GRS‐JH2 and CAP02 with a grossular content of 88.3 ± 1.2% (2s), 83.3 ± 0.8% and 32.5 ± 3.0%, respectively. Their micro scale homogeneity in oxygen isotope composition was evaluated by multiple SIMS sessions. The reference δ¹⁸O value was determined by CO₂ laser fluorination (δ¹⁸O_LF). GRS2 has δ¹⁸O_LF = 8.01 ± 0.10‰ (2s) and repeatability within each SIMS session of 0.30–0.60‰ (2s), GRS‐JH2 has δ¹⁸O_LF = 18.70 ± 0.08‰ and repeatability of 0.24–0.42‰ and CAP02 has δ¹⁸O_LF = 4.64 ± 0.16‰ and repeatability of 0.40–0.46‰.     

High‐Precision,High‐Accuracy Oxygen Isotope Measurements of Zircon Reference Materials with the SHRIMP‐SI

Analytical protocols for SHRIMP‐SI oxygen isotope analysis (δ¹⁸O) of a suite of zircon reference materials (RMs) are presented. Data reduction involved a robust estimate of uncertainties associated with the individual spot as well as for groups where the spot data are combined. The repeatability of δ¹⁸O measurements is dependent on both the analytical conditions and the choice of the primary reference material. Under optimised conditions, repeatability was often better than 0.4‰ (2s) allowing sample uncertainties to be obtained to better than 0.2‰ (at 95% confidence limit). Single spot uncertainty combined the within‐spot precision with the scatter associated with repeated measurements of the primary zircon reference material during a measurement session. The uncertainty for individual spots measured under optimised conditions was between 0.3 and 0.4‰ (at 95% confidence). The analytical protocols described were used to assess a variety of zircon RMs that have been used for geochronology and for which laser fluorination oxygen isotope data are available (Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG and Ple?ovice), as well as zircons that have been used as RMs for trace element or other types of determination (Mud Tank, Monastery, 91500, AS57, AS3, KIM‐5, OG1, SL13, CZ3 and several other Sri Lankan zircons). Repeated analyses over nine sessions and seven different mounts show agreement within analytical uncertainty for Temora 2, FC1, R33, QGNG, Ple?ovice and 91500, when normalised to Mud Tank. For existing ion microprobe mounts with these materials, an appropriate δ¹⁸O can be determined. However, care should be taken when using zircons from the Duluth Complex (i.e., FC1, AS57 and AS3) as reference materials as our data indicated an excess scatter on δ¹⁸O values associated with low‐U zircon grains.     

特殊地质样品中钼同位素分析的化学前处理方法研究

Mo同位素的研究在地学领域应用广泛,它可以示踪Mo的全球循环、古海洋氧化还原条件、成矿过程、天体演化过程等。应用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱法(MC-ICP-MS)分析Mo同位素比值前需对样品进行分离纯化,以富集Mo和去除Zr、Ru、Fe、Mn等干扰元素。处理某些Fe含量特别高且Ca含量也高的特殊地质样品(如含大量黄铁矿的钙质泥岩、钙质页岩等),若根据传统的阴阳离子交换树脂双柱法,需多次使用阳离子交换树脂分离Fe,步骤较繁琐且Mo回收率也会降低,而根据传统的阴离子交换树脂单柱法,使用1mol/L氢氟酸-0.5mol/L盐酸介质会产生较多CaF_2沉淀影响分离纯化效果。针对此类特殊地质样品,本实验使用同一阴离子树脂柱(AG1-X8,100～200目)对样品进行两次淋洗,第一次使用6mol/L盐酸,第二次使用1mol/L氢氟酸-0.1mol/L盐酸和6mol/L盐酸。结果表明Mo的回收率96%,干扰元素的去除效果好,尤其是Ru的去除率接近100%,比原方法提高了约12%。对实际样品进行实验的结果也显示,Mo的回收率和干扰元素的去除都符合要求,δ~(98/95)Mo测定值与文献报道值一致。改进后的阴离子交换树脂单柱-二次淋洗法适用于Fe、Ca含量较高的特殊样品,降低了分析成本,也适用于绝大多数地质样品。     

Adsorption characteristics of copper ion on nanoporous silica

Adsorption by nanoporous media is critically involved in many fundamental geological and geochemical processes including chemical weathering,element migration and enrichment,environmental pollution,etc.Yet,the adsorption behavior of metal ions on nanoporous materials has not been systematically investigated.In this study,MCM-41 material with a monodisperse pore size(4.4 nm)and a large BET specific surface area(839 m^2/g)was hydrothermally prepared and used as a model silica adsorbent to study the adsorption characteristics of Cu^2+as a representative metal ion.The Cu^2+adsorption capacity was found to increase with increasing suspension pH in the range from 3 to 5 and to decrease in the presence of NaNO3.At 25℃,pH=5,and a solid-to-liquid ratio of 5 g/L,the adsorption capacity was determined to be 0.29 mg/g,which can be converted to a dimensionless partition coefficient of 45,indicating a strong enriching effect of nanoporous silica.The adsorption isotherm and kinetic data were fitted to several commonly used thermodynamic,kinetic,and diffusion models.The adsorption mechanism was also studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy.The results suggest that Cu2+ion adsorption is an entropy-driven endothermal process,possibly involving both outer-sphere and inner-sphere complexes.     

C10TAB,C14TAB,C18TAB柱撑蒙脱石层间域有机柱排布研究

用十烷基三甲基溴化铵（C10TAB）、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（C14TAB）和十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（C18TAB）制备有机柱撑蒙脱石,并对产物进行X射线衍射表征。研究结果表明：柱化剂的浓度和烷基季铵离子的性质能影响烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层间的排布模式。在柱化剂浓度较低时易形成平卧排列,柱化剂达到一定浓度时石蜡型结构方能形成,且直链烷基越长,烷基季铵离子在蒙脱石层问越易形成石蜡型倾斜排列。在平卧结构向石蜡型结构转化过程中可出现多种排列共存。     

4A沸石吸附模拟核素Sr,Cs后的组分变化和结构表征

通过4A沸石吸附模拟核素Sr,Cs前后的化学成分分析、X衍射分析和红外光谱分析等手段方法,分析探讨了模拟核紊Sr,Cs在4A沸石的赋存状态,结果表明：4A沸石与模拟核素Sr,Cs之间主要以离子交换的方式发生作用,Sr^2 ,Cs^ 取代4A沸石中的可交换离子Na^ ,占据4A沸石a笼中的6元环和8元环。导致4A沸石的晶胞参数增大,晶格发生畸变。     

三峡水利枢纽主体工程施工控制测量

介绍了采用测边三角网和GPS静态测量实施三峡工程加密控制网的应用情况,阐述了随着光电测距精度的不断提高及水电施工环境的影响,采用测边网加测距三角高程网实施控制网加密是当前行之有效的一种好方法;此外,GPS测量以其限定条件少、操作简单、高自动化的内业处理等优点为施工控制测量开辟了一条新途径。     

囊果碱蓬离子含量及分布特点

为研究真盐生植物矿质营养特征,以北疆荒漠囊果碱蓬群落为对象,通过土壤及植株调查,分析其矿质元素特征。结果显示：（1）囊果碱蓬的生长增加了0~30cm土壤的pH值、水分及盐份含量,并使盐分在土层重新分布。（2）根系相对于土壤,具有优先吸收K⁺、Mg²⁺ 养分离子的特点;叶片相对于根系,具有优先运输Cl^-、Na⁺、SO₄^2- 盐分离子的特点,同一离子在吸收和运输的选择不一致,与其在整株的功能相关。（3）Cl^-、Na⁺、SO₄^2- 积累于叶片,含量远大于K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺ ,Cl^- 和Na⁺ 可能相伴向上运输,K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺ 在根、茎、叶保持基本不变的比例。（4）囊果碱蓬属于SO₄ -Cl 盐积累植物,而背景土壤为Cl-SO₄ 型盐土。