粤北晚泥盆世天子岭组遗迹组构及其环境解释

遗迹组构是由生物成因改造的沉积岩组构,它是物理过程和生物过程相互作用的产物。本文在广东韶关晚泥盆世天子岭组碳酸盐岩沉积中建立了4个遗迹组构,即反映局限台地或封闭海湾环境的Planolies montanus遗迹组构,反映台地潮下低能环境的Thalassinoides—Planolites遗迹组构,反映潮上-潮间环境的．Skolithos遗迹组构和受固底底质控制的Thalassinoides遗迹组构。对遗迹化石和生物扰动构造进行阶层分析,从中识别出受固底底质控制的遗迹化石Thalassinoides.sp,这类遗迹化石常常代表层序地层学中的重要界面。     

河北省赤城县独石口沸石岩矿物学特征及其性能研究

独石口沸石岩共生矿物组合为斜发沸石、蒙脱石、α-方石英和少量丝光沸石。斜发沸石呈微晶产于玻璃质岩屑和火山尘中,也呈板状产于玻屑和珍珠岩溶解形成的孔洞中,沸石总量大于70％;化学成分显示高Si、高Al、富K、富Ca、贫Na的特征;阳离子交换容量高,交换性阳离子以Ca为主,其次为K,Na,Mg;阳离子选择交换顺序为NH_4~+>K~+>Ca~(2+)>Na~+>Mg~(2+);不同阳离子类型的沸石岩其热稳定性和吸附性有差异,K型和Na型沸石岩可稳定至700℃,而Ca型沸石岩在500℃时结构被破坏;Ca型沸石岩吸附性好,而K型差。     

Heavy metal concentrations in floodplain surface soils, Lahn River, Germany

 Even relatively pristine drainage basins in industrial countries would appear to have received anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals. Investigation of floodplain surface soils in the Lahn River drainage basin, west-central Germany, indicates that the Cu concentration is 1.5 times the pre-industrial level, Pb and Zn contents twice the pre-industrial level; Cd, Co, and Cr concentrations are nearly equal to background metal values. Based on contamination standards developed for the Lahn River, floodplain soils are moderately contaminated with Pb and Zn, slightly contaminated with Cu. Metal contents are uniform across the floodplain, with the exception of a peak immediately adjacent to the Lahn River. Floodplain surface soil metal contents are less in the Lahn River basin than in larger drainage systems of Germany. Although Lahn River metalliferous sediments are presently immobile, they would, if eroded, contribute to downstream heavy metal concentrations. Consequently, metal storage in smaller drainage basins such as the Lahn should be considered in predictions of future metal loads in major river systems, for aggregate small basins could serve as significant metal contributors. Received: 21 August 1995 · Accepted: 23 January 1996     

天然石墨--形成的实验证据和特殊应用

简要讨论了碳前驱物的石墨化现象,总结了当有或无其他矿物共存环境下碳材料在承压条件下发生石墨化的实验结果。以这些实验研究成果为基础,讨论了自然界石墨生成的机理。此外,对天然石墨的某些特殊应用作了综述,如用作可再充电锂离子电池的阳极材料,特别是片状石墨用作泄漏重油的吸附材料等。     

粗粒含量对散体岩土颗粒破碎及强度特性试验研究

明显的粒径分级和深部土的颗粒破碎是超高排土场的两个主要特征。基于改装后的大型两用直剪仪对不同粗粒含量的颗粒破碎和抗剪强度进行试验研究。颗粒破碎试验结果表明：垂直压力小于400 kPa的情况下破碎率极小,在垂直压力大于400 kPa时,随垂直压力的增大破碎率增加明显;粗粒含量小于46.0%时,相对破碎率较小,粗粒含量大于46%时,颗粒破碎率随粗粒含量的增加而明显增大;相对破碎率与垂直压力可用双曲线关系表示;长期浸泡于水中的土样颗粒破碎相当明显。剪切强度试验结果表明：在粗粒含量等于24%时,低垂直压力下的剪应力-应变曲线呈微软化或微硬化型,较高垂直压力下呈轻微软化型;在粗粒含量等于78%时,低垂直压力下其剪应力-应变曲线呈软化型,较高垂直压力下表现为轻微硬化型。较高垂直压力下的抗剪强度包线呈明显的非线性。当颗粒破碎率较小时,分别在垂直压力小于400 kPa和大于400 kPa时拟合的内摩擦角值变化不大;当颗粒破碎率明显增大时,垂直压力大于400 kPa时的内摩擦角值明显低于垂直压力小于400 kPa时拟合的内摩擦角值。     

热液中银、铅、锌共生分异的实验研究

对NaCl—HCl—H2O体系中银、铅、锌氯络合物稳定性进行实验研究，结果表明：热液中银、铅、锌氯络合物的稳定性受体系温度、pH、Eh以及组分浓度的控制。相同温度下，H^ 、Cl^-浓度降低，还原硫增加，均使络合物趋于不稳定，发生不同程度的沉淀分异。当t=300℃,[Cl^-]=0.24mol/L,pH＝6．86时，铅氯络合物的沉淀量达55％，锌氯络合物的沉淀量超过92％。热液体系中硫化物的存在，对银的影响最大，溶液中的银氯络合物几乎沉淀完全，浓度可降至检测限以下。而铅和锌的氯络合物相对稳定。热力学计算表明：溶液中的银是以硫化银或自然银的形式沉淀析出。因此，还原硫的存在是导致热液体系中银与铅锌发生分异的重要因素。     

离子色谱法检测二次精盐水中的痕量铵

建立了利用分离-抑制型电导检测离子色谱法测定30%二次精盐水中痕量铵的方法。以高容量IonPac CS16阳离子交换分离柱分离,甲烷磺酸淋洗液一步梯度洗脱,抑制型电导检测。对铵离子检测方法的线性范围为5~100μg/L,相关系数为0.9995,铵的检出限(S/N=3)为1.9μg/L。方法成功用于二次精盐水中痕量铵的检测。对样品进行加标回收试验,回收率为88%~107%。样品只需简单稀释、过滤后即可直接进样分析。方法操作简单、选择性好、灵敏度高。     

地下水氟离子分布规律与超标成因浅析——以北京南郊第四系地下水为例

饮用水中氟浓度超标,是导致地方性氟中毒疾病的主要因素。通过水质资料综合分析,结合农村安全饮水工程的施工及水质专项调查,开展了地下水中氟分布规律的研究,掌握了氟在地下水空间的分布规律。浅层地下水中氟离子浓度超标范围主要集中在东南部及南部地区,氟离子浓度与含水层深度呈反相关系,随时间变化幅度较大。深层地下水中氟离子浓度超标区主要集中在中部,当含水层埋深在300m以内时,氟离子浓度与含水层深度呈正相关系,随时间变化幅度较小。浅层地下水中氟的富集与气候条件、含水层岩性、地下水径流速度密切相关,深层地下水氟超标是由地质原因造成的。研究成果为水井施工设计提供了技术支持,为研究治理地下水中氟浓度超标的措施提供依据。     

REE Mineralization of Weathered Crust and Clay Sediment on Granitic Rocks in the Sanyo Belt,SW Japan and the Southern Jiangxi Province,China

Rare earth element (REE) geochemistry and mineralogy have been studied in the weathered crusts derived from the Early Yanshanian (Jurassic) biotite granites of Dabu and Dingnan, as well as in the Indosinian (Permian) muscovite–biotite granite of Aigao in southern Jiangxi province, China, and the weathered crusts and clay sediments on biotite granites in the Sanyo belt, SW Japan, that is, Okayama, Tanakami, and Naegi areas. In all of the weathered crusts, biotite and plagioclase commonly tend to decrease toward the upper part of the profile, whereas kaolinite and residual quartz and K‐feldspar increase. The weathered crusts of the Dingnan granites and some Naegi granites, which are characterized by the enrichment in light REE (LREE) in C horizons, have higher total REE (ΣREE) content than the parent REE‐enriched granites. Weathering of LREE‐bearing apatite and fluorocarbonates in the Dingnan granites and allanite and apatite in some Naegi granites may account for the leaching of LREE at the B horizons. The leached LREE must result in subsequent enrichment of LREE in the C horizons. The enrichment is probably associated with mainly adsorption onto kaolinite and partly formation of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals. In Japan it was found that REE mineralization occurs not in the weathered granitic crusts but in reworked clay sediments, especially kaolinite‐rich layers, derived mainly from the weathering materials of REE‐enriched granitic rocks. The clay sediments are more enriched in LREE, which likely adsorbed onto kaolinite. Concentration of heavy REE within almost all the weathered crusts and clay sediments, however, may reflect mainly residual REE‐bearing minerals such as zircon, which originated in the parent granitic rocks. The findings of the present study support the three processes for fractionation of the REE during weathering: (i) selective leaching of rocks containing both stable and unstable REE‐bearing minerals; (ii) adsorption onto clay minerals; and (iii) presence of possible secondary LREE‐bearing minerals.     

Behavior Mechanism on Sulfide Solid-Liquid Interface and Its Application

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