An Acetic Acid‐Based Extraction Protocol for the Recovery of U,Th and Pb from Calcium Carbonates for U‐(Th)‐Pb Geochronology

A new method for the simultaneous recovery of U, Th and Pb from ca. 0.5 g calcium carbonate samples for the purpose of U‐(Th)‐Pb geochronometry is presented. The protocol employs ion‐exchange chromatography. Standard anion exchange resin (AG 1‐X8 100–200 mesh) was used as the static phase, and 90% acetic acid was used as the mobile phase to elute the unwanted matrix components; dilute nitric acid was used to elute the U, Th and Pb. Blanks of 1.8 pg Th, 6.4 pg Pb and 8.4 pg U were obtained. The protocol was evaluated by determining the isotopic composition of U‐Th‐Pb separates obtained from an in‐house reference material (prepared from a natural speleothem) by MC‐ICP‐MS. An independently dated speleothem was also reanalysed. Based on these tests, the extraction protocol had an acceptable blank and produced a Pb separate sufficiently free of matrix‐induced instrumental biases to be appropriate for U‐Th‐Pb chronology.     

Biodegradation Studies on Acid Violet 19, a Triphenylmethane Dye,by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH

Acid violet 19 (AV) belongs to the triphenylmethane (TPM) class of dyes which are potentially mutagenic or carcinogenic. However, very little studies on biodegradation of AV were reported as compared to other TPM dyes such as malachite green and crystal violet. In this study, AV was decolorized up to 98% within 30 min by Pseudomonas aeruginosa BCH. The decolorization depends on the initial dye concentration, pH, and temperature. However, the dye was decolorized under wide pH and temperature ranges with an optimum of pH 7 and 30°C. Up to 250 mg L^?1 of dye was found to be tolerated and decolorized by this strain. It showed decolorization ability for seven repeated dye addition cycles. The effect of additional carbon sources on dye decolorization was studied in which mannitol containing medium showed decolorization in 15 min. Induction in the enzyme activities of laccase, NADH‐DCIP reductase, and veratryl alcohol oxidase (VAO) indicates their involvement in AV degradation. Various analytical studies viz. UV–VIS, HPTLC, HPLC, and FTIR confirmed the biodegradation of AV by the bacterium. Based on GC‐MS analysis, a possible degradation pathway for AV was proposed. The phytotoxicity studies using Phaseolus mungo and Sorghum vulgare revealed the less toxic nature of metabolites formed after AV degradation.     

离子色谱法测定海水中氯离子和硫酸根离子

氯离子和硫酸根离子是海水中重要的无机阴离子,在研究海洋生态变化、海洋循环作用过程与海洋全球气候变化等领域具有重要的指示意义。其测定方法较多,但缺少相应的测试方法。本文对测定海水中Cl^–,SO₄^2–的离子色谱方法进行了优化,选用IonPacAS14碳酸盐选择性离子色谱柱,以3.5mmol/L Na₂CO₃+1 mmol/L NaHCO₃为流动相,可消除海水样品中碳酸盐及其他阴离子的干扰。该方法对Cl^–检出限为0.29mg/L,线性相关系数r²=0.999 2,对SO₄^2–检出限为0.42mg/L,线性相关系数r²=0.997 9。样品的加标回收率在95%～102%,Cl^–和SO₄^2–的相对标准偏差分别为1.92%和4.18%。该方法简便、迅速、灵敏、准确度高,可满足批量海水样品中Cl<...     

济南四大泉群水化学特征及其成因分析

为明晰济南四大泉群水化学动态变化特征及成因,利用离子比例系数、PHREEQC模拟以及氢氧同位素反演等方法分析各泉群水化学成分特征及其形成过程。研究表明：（1）四大泉群阳离子Ca2+为优势离子,阴离子HCO3-为优势离子;（2）潭西泉和珍珠泉水化学类型稳定,而趵突泉和黑虎泉由HCO3—Ca型变为HCO3·SO4—Ca型;（3）四大泉群受地表水、寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水以及寒武系张夏组岩溶水混合补给,其中趵突泉、黑虎泉接受寒武系凤山组-奥陶系岩溶水补给占比略大,而潭西泉、珍珠泉接受寒武系张夏组岩溶水补给占比略大;黑虎泉滞留时间最短,循环交替强烈;（4）水岩相互作用强弱程度导致泉群水化学成分差异,溶解沉淀作用强度整体大于阳离子交换作用。趵突泉阳离子交换作用强度最弱,黑虎泉伴随有去白云化作用,潭西泉和珍珠泉水化学作用及强度类似,进一步印证潭西泉和珍珠泉有相同的补给来源及运移机制。该研究成果对水资源合理利用和岩溶大泉的保护具有重要意义。     

离子质谱计测定地质样品中镁同位素组成方法学研究

应用信通公司研制的离子质谱计（ＳＴ－ＩＭＳ），建立了地质样品镁同位素分析的实验流程和误差分析方法，为进一步分析微量地质样品中镁同位素组成和分布奠定了基础。     

地球弓激波前的低频磁流体波

一、引言 在地球弓激波前存在着低频磁流体波。这种低频磁流体波是太阳风在地球弓激波上的反射粒子和太阳风粒子之间相互作用产生的。根据人造卫星的观测资料可以得到,在地球弓激波前,Pc3-4脉动频率范围内的低频磁流体波的主频率和行星际磁场强度     

分散液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定环境水样中间甲苯酚

针对环境中痕量的间甲苯酚用一般仪器很难直接分析测定的问题,提出将分散液液微萃取技术与气相色谱联用测定环境水样中间甲苯酚的新方法.实验考察了影响分散液液微萃取效率的因素,包括萃取剂种类和用量、分散剂种类和用量、萃取时间、离心时间和盐度等,确定了最佳萃取条件为:200μL氯苯(萃取剂)和2.5mL丙酮(分散剂)混匀后,快速注入水样,室温静置8min,以3000r/min离心8rain,吸取1μL沉积相进行气相色谱分析.实验结果为:在最佳的萃取条件下,间甲苯酚的富集倍数为98.7倍,方法的线性范围为0.05～50mg/L,检出限为4.2μg/L(S/N=3),相对标准偏差为5.64％.将方法用于实际水样的测定,水样的加标回收率在86％～～122％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.3％～7.3％(n=3),实验表明该方法操作简便快速、成本低、环境友好,可用于实际水样的测定.     

Measurement of trace nitrate concentrations in seawater by ion chromatography with valve switching

An ion chromatographic method with a valve switching facility was developed to determine trace nitrate concentrations in seawater using two pumps, two different suppressors, and two columns. A carbohydrate membrane desalter was used to reduce the high concentrations of sodium salts in samples. In this method, trace nitrate was eluted from the concentrator column to the analytical columns, while the matrix flowed to waste. Neither chemical pre-treatment nor sample dilution was required. In the optimized separation conditions, the method showed good linearity （R〉0,99） in the 0.05 and 50 mg/L concentration range, and satisfactory repeatability （RSD〈5%, n=6）. The limit of detection for nitrate was 0.02 mg/L. Results showed that the valve switching system was suitable and practical for the determination of trace nitrate in seawater.     

Fresh snow chemistry from high mountain regions in central himalayas

Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu…     

Darcys Law Expressed by Chemical Index

Ｉｎ 18 5 6 ,ＨｅｎｒｙＤａｒｃｙｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄｈｉｓｌａｗ ,ｔｈｅＤａｒｃｙ’ｓｌａｗ ,ｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｅｄｂｙｈｙｄｒａｕｌｉｃｉｎｄｅｘｔｈｒｏｕｇｈａｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｏｆｗａｔｅｒｐｅｒｍｅａｔｉｏｎｉｎｍｕｌｔｉ ｍｉｎｅｒａｌｍｅｄｉｕｍ (Ｘｕ ,1986 ) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｍｅｔｔｈｅｕｒｇｅｎｔｎｅｅｄｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｃｉａｌｅｃｏｎｏ ｍｙａｎｄｐｒａｃｔｉｃｅｆｏｒｃａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｗｅｌｌｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙａｔｔ…