用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色谱指纹识别油气层

利用储层岩石抽提物的饱和烃色 质总离子图的指纹特征判识储层的流体（油、气）类型。油层或油饱和的储层,饱和烃色 质总离子流图的特征是正构烷烃碳数分布宽,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₈之间,与原油样品的正构烷烃碳数分布相似;凝析气层的正构烷烃碳数分布略窄一些,碳数分布在C₁₅～C₃₅之间,低碳数（小于C₂₁）的正构烷烃相对于油层富集,高碳数（大于C₂₁）的正构烷烃丰度明显低于油层;干气层的正构烷烃碳数分布最窄,碳数分布在C₁₅～ C₂₈之间,只有低碳数的正构烷烃,高碳数的正构烷烃丰度极低。据此可用来识别油层、凝析气层和干气层,也可用于一些测井资料不全或测井质量差的老井的油气层复查、测井难以识别的火成岩油气层的识别,还可用于地层评价,为油气酸化层位的优选提供科学依据。     

人工合成硅灰石的发光性质与发光机理的初步研究

在２５４ｎｍ紫外光照激发条件下，对人工合成掺入不同激活离子的低温ＴＣ型和高温型假硅灰石的发光性质进行了实验测定，从微观原子能量谱项讨论了在全的硅灰石基质中Ｅｕ＾３＋和Ｇｄ＾３＋的发光机理，分析了Ｂｉ＾３＋对Ｅｕ＾３＋与Ｐｂ＾２＋对Ｍｎ＾２＋的敏化发光条件，初步探讨了掺放Ｅｕ＾３＋的高温型假硅灰石发光强度减弱的原因。     

塔城盆地地下水氟分布特征及富集机理

塔城盆地位于新疆维吾尔自治区西北部,干旱少雨,蒸发强烈.但相对于新疆其他盆地,塔城盆地地下水水质相对较好,溶解性总固体和F-含量相对较低.为解译这种差异及盆地内高氟地下水的成因,本文在对盆地地下水样品水化学组分系统分析的基础上,结合多种水文地质调查数据,利用数理统计、离子比及主成分分析等手段,研究高氟水的成因及其分布规...     

方解石负载羟基磷灰石复合材料去除水中铀离子的PRB活性介质研究

铀污染地下水分布于世界多国,其危害备受关注。本文基于溶胶-凝胶法制备方解石负载羟基磷灰石复合材料(CLHC),通过静态与动态对比试验,探讨了PRB活性介质对水中铀离子的吸附机理和去除效果。试验结果表明,制备的CLHC表面被羟基磷灰石覆盖,对铀离子具有较强的吸附能力。当U的初浓度为5.0 mg/L、试验周期为2 h、溶液pH值为4、CLHC用量为0.5 g/L时,CLHC可以吸附水中所有的铀离子。CLHC对铀离子的吸附过程可以用Langmuir等温吸附模型、粒子内扩散吸附动力学模型和准二级吸附动力学模型较好地进行描述。石英砂负载羟基磷灰石与CLHC相比,后者具有更强的吸附能力,而且具有更长的使用寿命。CLHC在吸附铀的过程中没有价态变化,其对铀离子的吸附主要为离子交换的化学吸附。本研究的成果可为可渗透反应墙被应用于铀污染地下水修复提供试验依据。     

Biotite Reference Materials for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry 18O/16O Measurements

Five new biotite reference materials were calibrated at the SwissSIMS laboratory (University of Lausanne) for oxygen isotope determination by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and are available to the scientific community. The oxygen isotope composition of the biotites, UNIL_B1 to B5, was determined by laser‐heating fluorination to be 11.4 ± 0.11‰, 8.6 ± 0.15‰, 6.1 ± 0.04‰, 7.1 ± 0.05‰ and 7.6 ± 0.04‰, respectively. SIMS analyses on spots smaller than 20 μm gave a measurement repeatability of 0.3‰ (2 standard deviation, 2s). The matrix effect due to solid solution in natural biotite could be expressed as a linear function of X_Mg and X_F for biotite. No effect was found for different crystallographic orientations. SIMS analysis allows the oxygen isotope composition of biotite to be measured with a measurement uncertainty of 0.3–0.4‰ (2s) for biotites with similar major element compositions. A measurement uncertainty of 0.5‰ (2s) is realistic when F poor biotites (lower than 0.2% m/m oxides) within the compositional range of X_Mg of 0.3–0.9 were compared from different sessions. The linear correlation with F content offers a reasonable working curve for F‐rich biotites, but additional reference materials are needed to confirm the model.     

Water Role and Its Influence on Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Natural Gas during Gas Generation

In order to discuss the role and influence of water during the generation of natural gas, the participation mechanism of water during the evolution of organic matter and its influences were summarized. In addition, we carried out an anhydrous cracking experiment of oil extracted from the Feixianguan Formation source rock in a closed system, which led to the establishment of the kinetic models for describing carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during gas generation from organic matter. The models were calibrated and then applied to the northeastern Sichuan Basin. By combining a series of gas generation experiments from octadecane pyrolysis without water or with distilled water in varying mass proportions, several results were proved: (1) the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas becomes lighter with the participation of formation water; (2) we can quantitatively study the hydrogen isotopic fractionation with the kinetic model for describing carbon isotopic fractionation; (3) more abundant and reliable geological information can be obtained through the combined application of carbon and hydrogen isotopic indices.     

唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川雪层中淋溶作用的初步研究

利用唐古拉山冬克玛底冰川雪坑和表层积雪样品的实测资料，初步探讨本区雪层中离子淋溶作用的特征，影响因素及其对冰芯记录的干扰。研究发现淋溶作用能够对数周至数月时间尺度的雪层记录产生“平滑”作用，但不会影响冰芯记录的长期变化趋势。     

土壤样品镉同位素分析中Cd与Sn有效分离方法的改进

保证Cd的高回收率以及彻底的Sn干扰去除是获得精确镉同位素组成的前提,目前报道的多种Cd分离与纯化方法获得的Cd回收率有较大差异(42.6%~99.8%),且去除Sn干扰的效果也不同(去除率在87.8%~97.4%之间),Cd回收率和Sn去除率均不理想。本文对前人报道的分离方法进行对比实验,发现0.1 mol/L氢溴酸-0.5 mol/L硝酸是分离Cd和Sn的有效试剂,增加该组混合酸的用量可淋洗出样品中更多的Sn且不会损失Cd,当混合酸的淋洗用量增加至30 mL时,Sn的淋洗率达到99.8%以上,Cd的回收率亦达到99.0%±0.5%,可满足土壤样品镉同位素的测定要求。本工作为获得高精度的镉同位素组成奠定了基础,为研究土壤环境中镉的污染来源提供了技术手段。     

含芘氨基酸衍生物对水中Cd2+、Pb2+的高选择性识别研究

本文报道了一种新型含芘氨基酸衍生物-L-[4-（1-芘基）]丁酰基苯丙氨酸（缩写为PLT）,通过对PLT与离子结合前后其二聚体/单体荧光发射峰强度比的检测表明该衍生物对水中的重金属离子Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋表现出了极强的识别性能,而对水中所存在的其它离子则具有完全不同的响应特性.     

离子色谱—双电导法同时测定水样中多种阴离子的研究

本文在Dionex2020i离子色谱仪上,选用0.61×10~(-3)mol/L NaHCO_3-1.61×10~(-3)mol/LNa_2CO_3水溶液作淋洗液,在HPIC-AS4A阴离子分离柱上分离痕量F~-、NO_2~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-);选用2.0×10~(-3)mol/L TBAOH-6％CH_3CN水溶液作淋洗液,在MPIC-NS1分离柱上分离痕量F~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-,然后用串联双电导检测器的不同输出范围分别同时定量测定。本法特别适