四川省国土资源信息化建设的现状与对策

国土资源信息化是一项长期的战略任务和一个不断发展的过程，信息化建设涉及到现有国土资源管理工作运作机制的调整和业务流的重组。针对四川省国土资源信息化建设，本文在开展全面深入调查四川省信息化建设现状的基础上，探讨了全省在信息化建设中所面临的诸多问题，并相应提出解决对策和建议，为今后我省国土资源管理信息化建设提供了参考。     

D290树脂从石煤酸浸液中吸附钒的工艺

本文主要研究Ｄ２９０树脂从石煤酸浸液中回收钡的工程过程,并在树脂选型、树脂上柱条件,洗脱液的组成等方面进行了详细实验,采用酸浸－离子交换新工艺后,可在减化流程,降低消耗的同时使回收率提高１５％以上。     

活性TiO2的制备与去除地下水中氟离子（F－)性能的研究

通过静态和动态(柱)吸附实验,探讨了活性TiO₂去除地下水中氟离子（F^－）时活性TiO₂的投加量、处理时间、酸度等影响因素。实验结果表明：在静态实验中,在50 mL,F^-浓度为10 mg/L的地下水样中,加入0.3 g活性TiO₂,处理15 min,F^-的去除率可达90%以上,且处理前后水样的pH值不变。在动态实验中,0.3 g的活性TiO₂和120 g砾石可使150 mL水样的除氟率达到90%以上。处理后均可达到饮用水的标准。     

Heavy Metal Biosorption Sites Studies of Laminaria japonica

The role played by the functional groups of Laminaria japonica treated by methanol and formaldehyde in biosorption of the heavy metals was investigated. Infrared spectroscopy analysis and biosorption experiments show that both carboxyl and amino groups join in the sorption; chemical treatment decreased the biosorption efficiency of the heavy metals.     

Spatial characteristics and controlling factors of chemical weathering of loess in the dry season in the middle Loess Plateau,China

Hydrochemistry methods were used to decipher the weathering and geochemical processes controlling solute acquisition of river waters in the dry season in the middle Loess Plateau (MLP), one of the most severely eroded areas and turbid riverine systems in the world. River waters were neutral to slightly alkaline with pH varying from 7.6 to 9.6. The total dissolved solids decreased from northwest to southeast with a mean value of 804 mg/l, much higher than the global average and other large rivers in China. Ternary diagram showed that river waters were dominated by Na⁺, HCO₃^?, and Cl^? with the main water‐type of HCO₃^?–Cl^?–Na⁺. Saturation index values, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and HCO₃^? analyses indicated the preferential Ca²⁺ removal by calcite precipitation. Gibbs plots and stoichiometry plots indicated that the dissolved solutes were mainly derived from rock weathering with minor anthropogenic and atmospheric inputs. Samples in the northwestern basin are also influenced by evaporation. A forward model of mass budget calculation showed that, owing to high soluble characteristics, evaporite dissolution was a major feature of river waters and contributed 41% to the total dissolved cations on average, while carbonate and silicate weathering contributed 28%,and 25% on average, respectively. Besides evaporite dissolution, cation exchange is also responsible for the high concentrations of Na⁺ in river water. Spatial variations showed that evaporite dissolution and silicate weathering were higher in the northern basin, whereas carbonate weathering was higher in the southern basin. Different from most rivers in the world, the physical erosion rates (varying from 117.7 to 4116.6 t/km²y) are much higher than the chemical weathering rates (varying from 3.54 to 6.76 t/km²y) in the MLP because of the loose structure of loess and poor vegetation in the basin. In the future, studies on comparison of water geochemistry in different seasons and on influence of different types of land use and soil salinization on water geochemistry, denudation rates, and water quality should be strengthened in the MLP. These results shed some lights on processes responsible for modern loess weathering and also indicate the importance of time‐series sampling strategy for river water chemistry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

瓦斯样品中气体成分分析

将野外装入解吸罐中的煤芯样,用真空脱气装置脱气,脱出的气体通过GC4008B气相色谱仪进行组份浓度测定,记录的数据经A5000气相色谱工作站数据处理软件处理。从而快速、准确地测定出CO、CO2、CH4、C2H4、C2H6、C3H8以及重烃等气体成分的含量。用于大批量实际样品测定,符合质量管理的要求。     

悬浮液中硫酸根对改性粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响

本文研究了改性粘土悬浮液中硫酸根对其去除藻华生物效率的影响,通过Zeta电位、沉降速率和粒径分布等分析了改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率,探讨了硫酸根与改性粘土的作用机制。结果显示:改性粘土对抑食金球藻(Aureococcus anophagefferens)的去除效率随悬浮液中硫酸根浓度的增加呈现先降低后升高的趋势,改性湖北土和改性江苏土对抑食金球藻去除率较低时(40%)的硫酸根浓度分别为6.46×10–3—2.42×10–1mol/L和6.46×10–3—2.42×10–2mol/L;改性粘土颗粒的Zeta电位随着硫酸根浓度的增加而降低,然后保持相对稳定;悬浮液中改性粘土颗粒的沉降速率和中值粒径D50呈现先增加后降低的趋势,对于改性江苏土,在硫酸根浓度为2.42×10–2mol/L时颗粒的沉降速率最大。综上所述,悬浮液中硫酸根主要通过降低粘土颗粒表面电荷密度、桥联改性粘土组分和影响粘土颗粒分散性等作用影响改性粘土对藻华生物的去除效率。     

积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物的不确定度评定

本文对积分安培离子色谱法测定地下水中碘化物含量的不确定度进行了评定,标准曲线采用双误差拟合法,建立了不确定度评定模型,得出几种影响测定结果的因素。     

在线渗析-离子色谱法测定土壤中有效氟

土壤样品经超声波超声静置,提取上清液,经渗析进入色谱柱,采用Metrohm A Supp 4-250阴离子交换柱,以1.8 mmol/L碳酸钠-1.7 mmol/L碳酸氢钠混合溶液作为流动相,用在线渗析技术与离子色谱法联用测定土壤中的有效氟。与常规方法相比,建立的方法操作简单,避免了繁琐的样品前处理。加标回收率为90.5%～95.7%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为1.60%。该方法具有高效、快速、灵敏等特点,能够用于环境土壤样品中有效氟的检测。     

硫酸盐热化学还原作用对原油裂解成气和碳酸盐岩储层改造的影响及作用机制

硫酸盐热化学还原作用(Thermochemical sulfate reduction, TSR)是发生在油气藏中复杂的有机-无机相互作用,它不仅会引起含H₂S天然气的富集,其产生的酸性气体对碳酸盐岩储层还具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。本文基于黄金管热模拟实验,研究了TSR反应对原油裂解气的生成的影响,发现这种氧化还原反应的存在能明显降低原油的稳定性,促进具高干燥系数的含H₂S天然气的生成。结合原位激光拉曼实验结果,证实了实际油藏中启动TSR反应的最可行的氧化剂应该是硫酸盐接触离子对(CIP)。全面探讨了影响TSR反应的地质和地球化学因素,提出除了初始原油的组分特征、不稳定含硫化合物(LSC)的含量外,地层水的含盐类型及盐度同样是控制TSR反应的关键因素。同时,基于大量地质分析,发现TSR对碳酸盐岩储层具有明显的溶蚀改造作用。结合溶蚀模拟实验,提出了酸性流体对碳酸盐储层溶蚀改造的机制,且深层碳酸盐岩层存在一个由TSR作用形成的次生孔隙发育带。研究认为,烃类与硫酸盐矿物的氧化还原反应与其产物对碳酸盐岩储层的改造是TSR作用的两个不可分割的部分,它们相互依存和制约。