新疆库米什盆地硝酸盐类矿床成矿离子迁移规律及成矿模型

为了深入认识库米什盆地硝酸盐矿床成矿离子的空间分布特征、表层沉积物中硝酸盐含量较高的原因,以盆地硝酸盐矿床为研究对象,开展研究区内各类补给水样和沉积物样可溶性盐类物质化学组成的定量分析研究;结合野外地质踏勘工作,探讨研究区硝酸盐矿床成矿离子的迁移规律,初步建立盆地硝酸盐矿床沉积成矿作用模型.结果表明,K+、Na+、NO...     

离子色谱法检测土壤样品水溶态中的七种阴离子

采用离子色谱法测定土壤样品水溶态中的F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、SO4^2-、Br^-、NO3^-、PO4^3-。通过优化提取条件,得出最优条件下7种阴离子的加标回收率为94.4%～102.5%,精密度为3.1%～4.6%。对实际样品进行测试,结果表明,该方法适用于土壤样品水溶态中7种阴离子的定性、定量分析。     

复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵的高效液相色谱测定

建立了一种测定复方化学消毒剂中苯扎氯铵成分十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十四烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵和十六烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵的反相离子对高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Platisil ODS(5μm,250 mm×4.6mm),流动相为甲醇-0.2 mol/L己烷磺酸钠(含1%三乙胺,V/V,用高氯酸调节至pH=6.0,体积比85∶15),紫外220 nm检测。用己烷磺酸钠作为离子对试剂,增强了苯扎氯铵成分的保留,三乙胺作为扫尾剂,通过抑制固定相表面残存的硅羟基对苯扎氯铵成分的吸附,减少了色谱峰拖尾。3种苯扎氯铵成分分离良好,标准曲线的线性范围分别为0.002～5 mg/mL、0.005～10 mg/mL和0.005～10 mg/mL,检测限分别为0.0005 mg/mL、0.001mg/mL和0.001 mg/mL。方法具有良好的准确度和精密度,在测定低浓度样品时优势明显。实际用于测定苯扎氯铵消毒液和医用消毒纸巾中3种苯扎氯铵成分的含量,回收率为99.3%～104.1%,日内和日间测定相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于2.0%。     

Water Role and Its Influence on Hydrogen Isotopic Composition of Natural Gas during Gas Generation

In order to discuss the role and influence of water during the generation of natural gas, the participation mechanism of water during the evolution of organic matter and its influences were summarized. In addition, we carried out an anhydrous cracking experiment of oil extracted from the Feixianguan Formation source rock in a closed system, which led to the establishment of the kinetic models for describing carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during gas generation from organic matter. The models were calibrated and then applied to the northeastern Sichuan Basin. By combining a series of gas generation experiments from octadecane pyrolysis without water or with distilled water in varying mass proportions, several results were proved: (1) the hydrogen isotopic composition of natural gas becomes lighter with the participation of formation water; (2) we can quantitatively study the hydrogen isotopic fractionation with the kinetic model for describing carbon isotopic fractionation; (3) more abundant and reliable geological information can be obtained through the combined application of carbon and hydrogen isotopic indices.     

一次东北冷涡的天气学分析及基于HYSPLIT4模式的水汽通道特征

摘 要：利用连续一年旌德县负氧离子监测数据,分别以兔儿山公园、路西村茶园代表城市公园、高山茶园这两种生态环境,对城市公园和高山茶园负氧离子浓度特征以及气象要素对负氧离子浓度影响进行比较分析。结果表明：①高山茶园负氧离子浓度显著高于城市公园;②负氧离子浓度夏季最高,冬季最低,春秋季次之,6月负氧离子浓度达全年最高;③负氧离子浓度日变化整体呈“一峰一谷”变化趋势,峰值出现在上午,谷值出现在正午前后,夜间至上午负氧离子浓度较高,城市公园负氧离子浓度日较差较高山茶园偏小;④负氧离子浓度日变化与气温、风速呈显著负相关;⑤负氧离子浓度雨天最高,晴天次之,阴天和多云相对较低,暴雨天气条件下大气负氧离子浓度显著提高。     

Fe-ZSM-5分子筛催化降解染料废水的研究

传统的Fenton均相亚铁盐催化剂处理染料废水,具有难以避免的二次污染和亚铁离子流失问题。分子筛催化剂相比传统催化剂具有高效环保的特点,在催化氧化染料废水领域有着良好的前景。本文通过液相离子交换法制备了Fe-ZSM-5非均相分子筛催化剂,替代传统的亚铁盐催化剂,应用X射线衍射对制备的Fe-ZSM-5分子筛催化剂进行表征,表明随离子交换次数的增加,Fe-ZSM-5催化剂负载的铁量上升,且较好地保持了分子筛结构,有利于提高亚铁离子的催化能力。通过实验确定了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂催化反应的最佳温度、pH值、Fe-ZSM-5的用量、反应时间等工艺参数,比较了Fe-ZSM-5催化剂和传统Fenton均相催化剂降解染料废水的脱色率和废水中铁离子的残留量,结果表明Fe-ZSM-5的脱色率达到98.5%,相比于Fenton均相催化剂的脱色率提升约3%;两种催化剂的铁离子残留量差别显著,Fe-ZSM-5催化剂处理的废水中只产生微量的Fe离子,可以认为Fe-ZSM-5非均相分子筛催化剂有效地解决了催化剂损耗和二次污染问题。     

An Acetic Acid‐Based Extraction Protocol for the Recovery of U,Th and Pb from Calcium Carbonates for U‐(Th)‐Pb Geochronology

A new method for the simultaneous recovery of U, Th and Pb from ca. 0.5 g calcium carbonate samples for the purpose of U‐(Th)‐Pb geochronometry is presented. The protocol employs ion‐exchange chromatography. Standard anion exchange resin (AG 1‐X8 100–200 mesh) was used as the static phase, and 90% acetic acid was used as the mobile phase to elute the unwanted matrix components; dilute nitric acid was used to elute the U, Th and Pb. Blanks of 1.8 pg Th, 6.4 pg Pb and 8.4 pg U were obtained. The protocol was evaluated by determining the isotopic composition of U‐Th‐Pb separates obtained from an in‐house reference material (prepared from a natural speleothem) by MC‐ICP‐MS. An independently dated speleothem was also reanalysed. Based on these tests, the extraction protocol had an acceptable blank and produced a Pb separate sufficiently free of matrix‐induced instrumental biases to be appropriate for U‐Th‐Pb chronology.     

含芘氨基酸衍生物对水中Cd2+、Pb2+的高选择性识别研究

本文报道了一种新型含芘氨基酸衍生物-L-[4-（1-芘基）]丁酰基苯丙氨酸（缩写为PLT）,通过对PLT与离子结合前后其二聚体/单体荧光发射峰强度比的检测表明该衍生物对水中的重金属离子Cd^2＋和Pb^2＋表现出了极强的识别性能,而对水中所存在的其它离子则具有完全不同的响应特性.     

Analytical laboratory comparison of major and minor constituents in an active crater lake

The crater lake water from Maly Semiachik volcano in Kamchatka was used for the international analytical laboratory comparison of major and minor elements, and hydrogen, sulfur, and oxygen isotope data. Eight institutions participated in this program, giving analytical results of 9 major and 20 minor elements mainly by using ICP-AES for cations and IC for anions. Among the major elements, Na, Mg and Si showed coefficients of variation (CV) of 10% or more, whereas B, Al, Fe, Mn had coefficients less than 7%. The CV% of the minor elements Co, Cu, P, Cr, Pb was much greater (>30%) while the V analyses agreed well (<10%). Ti, Sr, Zn, and F were intermediate (between 10 and 20 CV%). The errors observed for these constituents are inherent to the methods applied: large dilutions and spectrometric interferences. Even the major anions such as Cl (>2000 ppm) and SO₄ (>5000 ppm) gave considerable ranges (5.1 and 8.8 CV%, respectively) as did the obtained pH values (22 CV%). The measured δ¹⁸O of the water samples and δ³⁴S of sulfate are in excellent agreement but the δD values had CV% of 8. Technical recommendations are presented to improve the analytical results for these elements with significant deviations from the mean values.     

渤海湾盆地石炭纪-二叠纪煤中基质镜质体飞行时间二次离子质谱研究

利用飞行时间二次离子质谱仪（简称ＴＯＦ－ＳＩＭＳ）对渤海湾地区Ｃ－Ｐ太原组和山西组煤中基质镜质体进行了对比研究,结果表明,在接收到的正二次离子中都含有一定的烯基和烷基碎片,这些脂族碎片离子的出现说明它们具有富氢及较好的生烃性质。同时,该仪器的实际应用结果表明,它对研究煤及源岩中有机显微组分的化学成分和结构具有独特的优势。