Intensive sampling of iodine and nutrient speciation in naturally eutrophicated anchialine pond (Rogoznica Lake) during spring and summer seasons

A study of inorganic iodine speciation in the water column of a naturally eutrophicated anchialine pond (Rogoznica Lake, East Adriatic Coast) was conducted in a period between April and July 2004 to obtain information how close the inorganic iodine system is to that of inorganic nutrients during spring, when phytoplankton activity is at maximum, and how the system changes up to summer, when highly reducible redox-conditions prevail in deep water.     

Relationship of Water Chemistry to Serum ThyroidHormones in Captive Sharks with Goitres

Captive whitetip reef sharks, Triaenodon obesus,at Sea Life Park (SLP) Hawaii, Waimanalo, Hawaii develop goitre, whereas, T. obesus at the Waikiki Aquarium (WAQ), Honolulu,Hawaii do not develop goitre. To determine theeffects of natural concentrations of iodine on thereduction of goitre, two sharks from SLP with goitrewere placed in an enclosed coastal lagoon with naturalseawater. Using ultrasound measurements the twogoitres were initially 11.4 cm and 14.6 cm in depthand after 3 months decreased to 4.7 cm and 5.7 cm. Radioimmunoassay analysis of the thyroid hormoneT3 sera concentrations were initially 0.22 ng/mland 0.33 ng/ml and increased to 1.84 ng/ml after beingplaced in the lagoon. Sera T4 were initially0.93 ng/ml and 0.99 ng/ml and increased dramaticallyto 17 ng/ml and 56 ng/ml. Over the six month samplingperiod, two resident sharks in the lagoon with normalthyroids had sera T3 concentrations from 0.89ng/ml to 1.1 ng/ml, and sera T4 concentrationsfrom 3.1 ng/ml to 7.9 ng/ml. The hypothyroidcondition in the SLP goitred-sharks is likely linkedto the low environmental iodide (<0.005 M), andhigh nitrate (111 M) of SLP water. The WAQwell-water facility was characterized by anoxic waterwith high iodide (0.60 M), total iodine (1.90M), and typical nitrate (24.6 M)concentrations of interstitial groundwater. Thedifference of iodide concentration of SLP and WAQ tankwater (<0.005 M versus 0.60 M) wasdirectly related to the hydrogeology of the well-watersources. To avoid goitre in marine aquarium systems,we recommend maintaining iodide concentrations of atleast 0.15 M.     

Iodine (and Other Halogens) in Twenty Six Geological Reference Materials by ICP-MS and Ion Chromatography

Analytical results for iodine in twenty six geological reference materials (RM) are presented. Bromine, fluorine and chlorine were also determined in some samples. Pyrohydrolysis in a heated quartz tube under a wet oxygen flow was used for the separation of the halogens from the matrix and the evolved gas was absorbed in a trap solution. The halogens were measured by ICP-MS and ion chromatography (IC). All four halogens can be collected in the trap solution from one combustion procedure. The analysed samples range in type from igneous rocks to terrestrial and marine sediments. Precision, detection limits, and accuracy are also presented.     

Determination of Iodine in Thirty Two International Geochemical Reference Materials

Thirty two geochemical reference samples have been analysed for their iodine contents by a pyrohydrolysis extraction technique, followed by colourimetry. In spite of the existence of few reported values for iodine, limiting comparison with results from this study, the four available "reference" values show good agreement with the work reported here.     

Iodine content ofSargassum in Southern China

Sodium thiosulphate and neutron activation determination of iodine content in samples of 18Sargassum species collected in Guangdong and Guangxi Province in April 1996 showed large differences (0.47×10⁻³ inSargassum hemiphyllum, 0.56×10⁻³ inSargassum assimile, and 4.5×10⁻³ inSargassum vachellianum). Traditional titration analysis and neutron activation analysis for determination of total iodine yielded similar results showing that certainSargassum species had high capacity to accumulate iodine. Contribution No. 3162 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The project was supported by the National Ninth Five-Year Plan of China (No. 96-916-04-01).     

Efficiency of Moso Bamboo Charcoal and Activated Carbon for Adsorbing Radioactive Iodine

Preventing radioactive pollution is a troublesome problem but an urgent concern worldwide because radioactive substances cause serious health‐related hazards to human being. The adsorption method has been used for many years to concentrate and remove radioactive pollutants; selecting an adequate adsorbent is the key to the success of an adsorption‐based pollution abatement system. In Taiwan, all nuclear power plants use activated carbon as the adsorbent to treat radiation‐contaminated air emission. The activated carbon is entirely imported; its price and manufacturing technology are entirely controlled by international companies. Taiwan is rich in bamboo, which is one of the raw materials for high‐quality activated carbon. Thus, a less costly activated carbon with the same or even better adsorptive capability as the imported adsorbent can be made from bamboo. The objective of this research is to confirm the adsorptive characteristics and efficiency of the activated carbon made of Taiwan native bamboo for removing ¹³¹I gas from air in the laboratory. The study was conducted using new activated carbon module assembled for treating ¹³¹I‐contaminated air. The laboratory results reveal that the ¹³¹I removal efficiency for a single‐pass module is as high as 70%, and the overall efficiency is 100% for four single‐pass modules operated in series. The bamboo charcoal and bamboo activated carbon have suitable functional groups for adsorbing ¹³¹I and they have greater adsorption capacities than commercial activated carbons. Main mechanism is for trapping of radioiodine on impregnated charcoal, as a result of surface oxidation. When volatile radioiodine is trapped by potassium iodide‐impregnated bamboo charcoal, the iodo‐compound is first adsorbed on the charcoal surface, and then migrates to iodide ion sites where isotope exchange occurs.     

共振光猝灭法测定环境水样中痕量硒

在阿拉伯树胶(AG)存在下,0.14 mol/L硫酸介质中,硒(Ⅳ)与过量的I-反应生成I3-,加入乙酸钠后I3-与亚甲基蓝反应成离子缔合物,在波长288 nm处共振光猝灭,建立了共振光散射法测定痕量硒的方法.确定了碘化钾、亚甲基蓝、乙酸钠和增溶剂阿拉伯树胶溶液的浓度,在室温(20～30℃)下反应15 min,提高了体...     

MSCT增强碘对比剂副反应的预防与处理

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)增强过程中碘对比剂副反应的预防与处理。方法:应用64排VCT及压力注射器,通过程序法注射碘对比剂。结果:非离子型碘对比剂副反应发生率低于离子型碘对比剂,针对二者出现的不同程度的副反应给予相应的对症处理。结论:重视碘对比剂使用过程中的安全问题,通过有效预防、对症处理及正确选择碘对比剂可降低副反应发生率和重度反应致死率。     

“双低”技术应用于 CTPA 的可行性研究?

目的：评估“双低”（低管电压与低碘量）技术在肺动脉 CT 血管成像（CTPA）中的图像质量、辐射剂量及临床价值。方法：前瞻性将临床疑似肺动脉栓塞（PAE）患者105例,随机分为 A、B、C 三组行 CTPA 检查（n =35）。A 组：管电压120 kVp、对比剂40mL（碘浓度350 mgI/m）、注射速率4 mL/s;B 组：管电压100 kVp、对比剂35 mL（碘浓度300 mgI/m）、注射速率3.5 mL/s;C 组：管电压80 kVp、对比剂30 mL（碘浓度270 mgI/m）、注射速率3 mL/s。三组均开启管电流调制(ATCM)技术,A 组采用滤波反投影算法（FBP）,B、C 两组采用 ASIR 技术重建。记录每例患者的对比剂量、CT 容积剂量指数（CTDIvol）、剂量长度乘积（DLP）,并计算有效剂量（ED）。在轴位图像测量肺动脉干、左、右肺动脉及亚段肺动脉的 CT 值。采用 Kruskal-Wallis H 检验来比较3组的辐射剂量、碘量、图像质量的主观及客观评价等指标。结果：A、B、C 三组分别在肺动脉干、左、右肺动脉及亚段肺动脉的 CT 值差异均无统计学意义（P >0.05）;三组图像背景噪声、SNR、CNR 及主观评价差异亦均无统计学意义（P >0.05）;与 A 组相比,B 组和 C 组的 ED 分别降低了38.09％、51.99％;A 组接受碘量分别高于 B 组25％和 C 组42.14％。结论：管电压80 kVp、对比剂30 mL(碘浓度270 mgI/mL)、注射速率3 mL/s 在肺动脉 CTA 中的应用是可行的,图像质量既满足诊断,又降低辐射剂量和碘量。     

HPLC-ICP-MS法研究内蒙古锡盟和新疆塔城高碘地区地下水的总碘及碘形态特征

长期饮用高碘水将对人体造成危害,地下水总碘及碘形态分析对于高碘地区碘环境地球化学研究具有重要价值。本文采用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术对内蒙古锡盟与新疆塔城高碘地区地下水总碘及碘形态进行测定。研究表明:锡盟地区地下水中碘以I-形态为主,总碘量维持在200μg/L,个别点位达到600μg/L甚至1700μg/L,呈环状分布,从东北至西南呈现"低-高-低"的分布规律;塔城地区地下水中的碘以IO-3形态为主,总碘量不足100μg/L,个别点位接近200μg/L,呈层状分布,自东向西逐渐升高。分析认为,氧化性的条件利于不同碘形态之间的转化;溶解氧过高或过低都不利于碘的储存;碘会随着可溶性盐的流失而流失;沿河流的流向,下游地势较低,总碘得到积累。本研究结果对于锡盟和塔城地区科学预防甲状腺肿、制定法律法规具有指导作用。