对中国地震预报现状与未来的思考

本文是作者根据自己多年从事地震预报的经历与实践,将我国地震预报的38年历史分为四个阶段,概括了我国地震预报的主要进展和成就,指出地震预报的难点及我国地震预报的思路和技术上存在的几个问题,最后对我国地震预报发展战略提出思考。作者的观点和建议可供地震主管部门的领导和地震分析预报人员参考     

Combining TEM/resistivity joint inversion and magnetic data for groundwater exploration: application to the northeastern part of Greater Cairo,Egypt

This paper presents the combination of two complementary methods, magnetic and joint inversion of resistivity/TEM data, as an effective approach to characterize groundwater reservoirs. Twenty stations of transient electromagnetic (TEM) and vertical electrical soundings (VES) were measured and interpreted using a joint inversion technique to evaluate the subsurface low resistivity zones connected to the groundwater reservoir. A complementary survey including 871 land magnetic stations was carried out at the same area to detect the upper surface of the basaltic sheet, which represents the bottom of the Miocene aquifer in the study area. The geological log from one borehole drilled in the zone was used to partially calibrate the calculated models. The results revealed that the study area consists of five different geological units with ages ranging from Paleogene (Oligocene) to Quaternary. The methodology provides good results at a very low cost when compared with drilling boreholes.     

Deep Structure and Dynamics of Passive Continental Margin from Shelf to Ocean of the Northern South China Sea

To study the deep dynamic mechanism leading to the difference in rifting pattern and basin structure from shelf to oceanic basin in passive continental margin,we constructed long geological sections across the shelf,slope and oceanic basin using new seismic data.Integrated gravity-magnetic inversion and interpretation of these sections were made with the advanced dissection method.Results show that the basement composition changes from intermediate-acid intrusive rocks in the sheff to intermediate-basic rocks in the slope.The Moho surface shoals gradually from 31 km in the sheff to 22.5 km in the uplift and then 19 km in the slope and finally to 13 km in the oceanic basin.The crust thickness also decreases gradually from 30 km in the northern fault belt to 9 km in the oceanic basin.The crustal stretching factor increases from the shelf toward the oceanic basin,with the strongest extension under the sags and the oceanic basin.The intensity of mantle upwelling controlled the style of basin structures from sheff to oceanic basin.In the Zhu 1 depression on the shelf,the crust is nearly normal,the brittle and cold upper crust mainly controlled the fault development;so the combinative grabens with single symmetric graben are characteristic.In the slope,the crust thinned with a large stretching factor,affected by the mantle upwelling.The ductile deformation controlled the faults,so there developed an asymmetric complex graben in the Baiyun (白云) sag.     

川滇菱形块体东边界地壳形变研究

根据地质资料和GPS资料。在断层分布密集的地区用模拟断层的位错替代多断层位错,建立了川滇菱形块体东边界的非震位错模型。利用GPS区域网资料．采用改进的蒙特卡罗法和遗传算法,联合反演了川滇菱形块体东边界的活动特性．得到如下认识：1）小江断裂是高应变积累闭锁区,鲜水河断裂次之,安宁河和则木河断裂应变积累程度最低。2）2001～2004年与1999～2001年相比．鲜水河北西段应变积累即锁定程度没有明显变化。南东段略有加强;安宁河略微减弱;则木河没有明显的变化;小江断裂各段的锁定程度均有显著的增强。3）各断裂的运动特点在空间上呈现出分段性。4）边界带的变形主要集中在川滇菱形块体一侧。     

基于频率搬移的地震资料约束测井资料外推

于地震资料本身频带有限的特性,导致在利用地震资料作为约束条件进行测井资料外推时存在奇异性. 文中利用通信中常用的频率搬移技术,将频带有限的地震资料转化成一种频带拓宽的伪超分辨率资料来控制测井资料的外推,从而解决地震资料约束下的测井资料外推技术中的奇异性问题. 并利用同相轴自动追踪和时频分析技术,解决子波时变的问题,实现沿地层自适应地外推测井资料. 对实际资料的测井速度和反射系数外推结果表明, 此法具有较好的应用前景.     

叠前深度偏移技术在活动断层探测中的应用

通过叠前深度偏移与常规处理的方法原理对比及实例分析,说明叠前深度偏移技术利于求准速度的纵横向变化、利于提高复杂构造和小断层的成像清晰度和精度,该技术在精细速度分析、正确速度—深度模型建立和叠加方法上的优势,在浅层地震勘探中具有广泛的推广价值。文中叠前深度偏移技术在活动断层探测中的应用实例表明,叠前深度偏移剖面与常规处理剖面相比,具有如下特点：①归位准确、断点清楚;②分辨率和信噪比更高;③真实反映地下构造形态;④解决速度陷阱问题,直接、精确给出地质层位深度。     

测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的应用

利用地震技术解决岩性问题在煤田勘探中一直是近年来人们研究的一个热门课题,与其他地震反演技术相比,测井约束反演技术不仅可提高原始地震资料的垂向分辨率,而且将地震波转换为层的信息,因此正在岩性勘探中得到广泛应用．本文介绍了测井约束反演技术的原理及影响因素,并以开滦集团荆各庄矿某采区岩性勘探为例,说明了测井约束反演技术在煤田三维地震岩性勘探中的具体方法和应用效果。     

高分辨率Radon变换方法及其在地震信号处理中的应用

Radon变换方法在地震资料处理中广泛采用,在地震同相轴识别和估计方面具有良好效果．无论是倾斜叠加,还是广义Radon变换方法,一般采用最小二乘反演方法实现．目前,在提高反演算法的效率和分辨率方面仍值得研究．本文从倾斜叠加的定义出发,阐明Radon变换分辨率问题的来源和解决办法．采用最小二乘反演方法研究高分辨率抛物线Radon变换和双曲Radon变换时,给出稀疏约束预条件共轭梯度法求解的高分辨率Radon变换的实现方法,同阻尼最小二乘方法相比,分辨率和精度明显提高,文中给出了模型算例．根据有效波和多次波NMO后剩余时差不同,采用高分辨率抛物线和双曲Radon变换可以压制多次波,分别给出了方法原理,最后给出应用实例．研究表明,稀疏约束预条件共轭梯度法可以有效实现高分辨率Radon变换;数值算例表明,算法计算效率和精度较高,可以更好地实现多次波压制．     

Implementation of Tidal Constituent Interpolation Method for the Israeli Coastline

Many ship-borne geodetic surveys at sea, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-based sea surface height (SSH) observation, acoustic profiling of the bottom, and others, deal with a dynamic topography which undergoes several changes during the survey campaign (e.g., changes in tide, salinity and currents). Those changes affect the measurements and may causes for some variations in the results. There are several methods for tidal variations correction, being the most dominant phenomena, such as tidal zoning, tidal constituent interpolation or ocean tidal models. In this study, we have implemented the tidal constituent interpolation method for the Israeli coastline in order to assess its quality and determine whether it is suitable for use in this particular region. This paper depicts the interpolation method, discusses some difficulties in the implementation for the Israeli coast and presents results from exemplary processing. In addition, we compare the results to those obtained using global and regional tidal models.     

Solution of the inverse geodetic problem for navigation

Abstract

Simplified geodetic formulas for very long and medium geodesies used in the sea and air navigation as well as methodology and formulas for investigating errors involved in these simplifictions for any hyperbolic system are presented.