A Voronoi neighborhood-based search heuristic for distance/capacity constrained very large vehicle routing problems

Local search heuristics for very large-scale vehicle routing problems (VRPs) have made remarkable advances in recent years. However, few local search heuristics have focused on the use of the spatial neighborhood in Voronoi diagrams to improve local searches. Based on the concept of a k-ring shaped Voronoi neighbor, we propose a Voronoi spatial neighborhood-based search heuristic and algorithm to solve very large-scale VRPs. In this algorithm, k-ring Voronoi neighbors of a customer are limited to building and updating local routings, and rearranging local routings with improper links. This algorithm was evaluated using four sets of benchmark tests for 200–8683 customers. Solutions were compared with specific examples in the literature, such as the one-depot VRP. This algorithm produced better solutions than some of the best-known benchmark VRP solutions and requires less computational time. The algorithm outperformed previous methods used to solve very large-scale, real-world distance constrained capacitated VRP.     

Whole mantle SH velocity model constrained by waveform inversion based on three-dimensional Born kernels

A whole mantle SH velocity model is obtained by using a unique data set and techniques. Body and surface waveforms including major and multi-orbit phases are used as a data set and are inverted by using 3-D Born kernels. The resultant model, SH18CE, reveals the different natures of the two major upwelling systems: the strong low velocity anomalies beneath Africa extend for more than 1000 km from the core–mantle boundary (CMB), whereas those beneath the Pacific are restricted to 300–400 km from the CMB. The results also show the variable natures of stagnant slabs on the 670 discontinuity around Japan: the depths of the strongest high velocity anomalies within the stagnant slabs are different region by region, which is consistent with the detailed delay time tomography model in this area.     

角度域广义Radon变换多参数非迭代线性反演

基于Born近似的线性反演是当前流行的定量化地震成像与反演方法, 然而, 现有线性反演方法存在多种不可避免的问题, 比如迭代计算成本过高, 背景模型依赖, 以及多参数提取不确定/不稳定.为避免这些问题, 本文提出了角度域广义Radon变换(AD-GRT)多参数非迭代反演方法(2D声波双参数介质).AD-GRT是一种地震数据与角度域模型之间的积分变换, 该角度域模型能够保留地震散射数据的完整信息.基于该角度域模型, 地震数据可被精确重建, 即使背景模型是错误的.介质双扰动参数可在角度域模型中准确且稳定提取.为解决传统角度域离散方法存在的幅值震荡和不连续问题, 设计了两种有效的角度域离散单元分裂方法, 实现了平滑连续的角度域幅值提取.为提高AD-GRT反演的分辨率, 考虑了震源子波反滤波.利用三个数值模型验证了AD-GRT在角度域模型反演、数据重建、多参数提取方面的有效性.

     

Remote estimation of surficial seafloor properties through the application Angular Range Analysis to multibeam sonar data

The variation of the backscatter strength with the angle of incidence is an intrinsic property of the seafloor, which can be used in methods for acoustic seafloor characterization. Although multibeam sonars acquire backscatter over a wide range of incidence angles, the angular information is normally neglected during standard backscatter processing and mosaicking. An approach called Angular Range Analysis has been developed to preserve the backscatter angular information, and use it for remote estimation of seafloor properties. Angular Range Analysis starts with the beam-by-beam time-series of acoustic backscatter provided by the multibeam sonar and then corrects the backscatter for seafloor slope, beam pattern, time varying and angle varying gains, and area of insonification. Subsequently a series of parameters are calculated from the stacking of consecutive time series over a spatial scale that approximates half of the swath width. Based on these calculated parameters and the inversion of an acoustic backscatter model, we estimate the acoustic impedance and the roughness of the insonified area on the seafloor. In the process of this inversion, the behavior of the model parameters is constrained by established inter-property relationships. The approach has been tested using a 300 kHz Simrad EM3000 multibeam sonar in Little Bay, NH. Impedance estimates are compared to in situ measurements of sound speed. The comparison shows a very good correlation, indicating the potential of this approach for robust seafloor characterization.     

阿拉斯加湾逆温现象的时空变化特征

基于阿拉斯加湾(Gulf of Alaska, GOA)2002—2020年的Argo浮标数据,本研究分析了该海湾逆温现象的时空变化特征,并探讨其年际变化与水体垂向位温异常的联系。结果显示,阿拉斯加湾逆温现象存在明显的时空变化。空间上,逆温幅度(ΔT)在湾北部最大,湾东南部次之,湾西南部最弱。逆温厚度(ΔD)在湾西南部最厚,湾北部和东南部依次变薄。在季节尺度上,湾北部逆温现象的季节变化最明显,冬季ΔT最大和ΔD最厚,随季节性的加热和混合作用,ΔT持续减弱,ΔD不断变薄。在湾东南部,ΔT分别在3月和9月具有0.46、0.40℃的峰值;ΔD在整个海湾中最薄,冬季最大为44 m,而秋季最小仅为23 m。在湾西南部,ΔT介于0.24～0.33℃之间,分别于4月和10月具有0.31、0.33℃的峰值;ΔD冬季最大超过100 m,秋季最薄约为57 m。年际变化上,ΔT在2002、2007—2009、2012、2017年表现为正异常,但在2003—2005、2010、2013—2016、2018—2020年表现为负异常;ΔD在2002、2007—2008、2012、2017—2020年主要偏厚,在2...     

基于浅地层剖面数据和改进地声模型的底质反演方法

浅地层剖面仪发射的声脉冲能够穿透海底面进入沉积层内部,其回波中携带了丰富的底质信息。地声模型是底质声学与物理性质关系的数学描述,广泛用于海底声学与地声反演研究。本文通过对浅地层剖面数据的处理、解译得到海底反射系数,与考虑底质松密影响的改进Biot-Stoll模型相结合,提出底质反演新方法并开展实例验证。研究结果表明：通过对浅地层剖面原始记录的读取、解译,提取反射波振幅,并结合设备声源级,可有效求取海底反射系数。通过引入相对密度改进孔隙度计算公式,进而在基于Biot-Stoll模型构建海底反射系数和底质平均粒径关系过程中进一步考虑了底质松密的影响。基于山东威海某海域及文献的算例均显示,本文提出的改进地声模型可缩小底质反演与实测结果之间的相对误差、提升基于浅地层剖面数据的海底底质地声反演精度。     

大地问题的截面椭圆弧长新解

分析了以前大地问题中截面椭圆弧长计算方法的缺点,在运用Mathematic的基础上,提出了在这一问题上的计算方便、过程简单的新方法,并用该方法进行了一个实例计算,效果良好。     

深水平台吸力沉箱基础工程地质问题分析

针对深水平台吸力沉箱基础,讨论了与沉箱安装有关的分析方法及涉及的工程地质参数,分析了承受竖向拉拔荷载、倾斜与水平荷载作用的吸力沉箱极限承载力的分析方法及涉及的工程地质参数,对与吸力沉箱设计有关的其它问题也进行了分析.在此基础上,阐明了与吸力沉箱设计有关的工程场地调查内容及需要确定的工程地质参数.其目的是为开发深水平台吸...     

用合成孔径雷达图像反演浅海水下地形的一种方法

海流与海底地形的相互作用导致了海表面的粗糙起伏,从而引起对海面观测的雷达散射截面的变化。在浅海海流速度垂直分布廓线为均匀的假定下,由流体连续性方程和驰豫时间近似下流体力学弱相互作用的理论,已证明雷达散射截面的空间变化正比于海流方向上海流速度变化的梯度。研究了合成孔径雷达(SAR)对海面的观测图像在无槽道信息和海流方向预知条件下,提出用散射系数的二维相关函数确定海流方向。在海流速度和方向已知条件下,推导了由雷达散射截面的空间变化迭推反演浅海水下地形的公式,并研究了航天飞机SIR-CSAR在我香港特区海域的二维图像反演浅海水下地形的应用。