楔形刀具侵入岩石损伤破坏影响因素的理论分析及数值模拟

通过空腔膨胀理论研究楔形刀具几何参数（刃角）、岩石力学参数（抗压强度、泊松比）对刀具与岩石接触面下岩石弹-塑性交界面半径的影响。结果表明：刀具与岩石接触宽度一定时,刃角越小,岩体的损伤区域越大,从而导致弹-塑性交界面半径增大。在其他因素不变的前提下,岩石泊松比增大或者抗压强度增加都导致弹-塑性交界面半径减小。采用参数敏感性分析方法对3种影响因素的敏感性进行了分析,在接触宽度一定的条件下,刃角的大小对弹-塑性交界半径的影响最大。采用ABAQUS软件建立刀具侵入岩石的数值模型,研究表明,刃角的变化对文中定义的岩体内最大拉应力点空间位置以及最小梯度方向有着显著影响。     

2000-2014年中国重特大煤矿事故时空分布分形特征

本文汇总整理了2000-2014年中国发生的472起重特大煤矿事故,获得其空间分布状况;基于分形理论,利用网格法统计不同网格尺度下覆盖重特大煤矿事故的非空网格中的事故数量,计算煤矿事故的全国、三大自然地理区以及干湿分区的分维值,分析其空间分布分形特征;利用R/S方法研究15年来重特大煤矿事故发生的时间分形特征。研究表明,从全国范围来看,重特大煤矿事故具有较好的空间分形特性,但不同区域的重特大煤矿事故的分形特性却具有很大差别。15年来发生重特大事故数量及事故死亡人数逐年下降,由R/S分析得到的Hurst指数表明事故时间序列的分形特征客观存在,并且年发生事故数量及事故死亡人数量减少趋势。     

海洋垂直重力梯度异常的计算及其在地形反演中的应用

将测高重力异常、局部大地水准面和垂线偏差作为输入数据,计算海洋垂直重力梯度异常。以中西太平洋海域作为研究对象,对垂直重力梯度异常和海底地形的相关性进行分析,在20~200 km波段范围内利用梯度异常推估海底地形。结果表明,反演地形的相对精度在7.14%左右,在多海山地区精度较差。     

沈阳地区应用地源热泵系统的技术问题探讨与展望

简要分析了地下水源热泵工作的技术原理、类型及应用地源热泵工作需注意的问题,并阐述了目前沈阳地区应用地源热泵的主要相关问题及解决的对策、建议,最后提出改善地源热泵的技术展望——应用干热岩供暖的趋向。     

地基承载力确定的一种方法

根据三轴和直剪试验的特点并以Mohr强度理论为基础建立了Mohr包线的曲线形式。基于弹性理论导出了条形地基在均布荷载作用下塑性区方程,根据方程可以确定临塑荷载及塑性区的范围。与基于直线型Mohr-Coulomb准则建立起来的塑性区方程相比,该方程能反映土体抗剪强度增长随正应力增加逐渐趋缓的特点。算例分析表明：按两种方法计算得出的临塑荷载相差不大,塑性区连成一片时的荷载也基本一致;两种方法得出的塑性区的形状极为相似;随荷载增加,塑性区向下发展的速度比按传统方法得出的结果稍慢。     

相对位移反分析的DFP优化方法及其工程应用

洞室围岩的某些参数,如弹性模量、强度参数等,对地下洞室的施工和设计具有极其重要的作用,直接进行这些参数的现场测量势必要耗费大量的物资和精力,在这种背景下,位移反分析的工程应用具有很重要的理论和实用价值。但洞室工程中大量不确定性因素的存在使得监测结果不可避免地存在随机性,有时会使得变形监测结果产生较大的误差,甚至失真。因此以监测结果的绝对值所反演得到的参数可能是错误的。在这种情况下,以监测数据的相对值进行参数反演在一定程度上可以消除测量误差。基于相对位移的随机反分析法并结合DFP优化算法开发了基于相对位移的随机反分析法,将其应用于一具体洞室工程中反演其弹性模量取得了较为理想的效果。     

Perceptions of Food Safety by Urban Consumers in Nanjing,China

The past decade has seen what could reasonably be called an explosion in the number of food-related crises in China. Food safety issues represent a national crisis threatening the physical and psychological health of Chinese citizens, despite the repeated adoption of stringent food safety laws and regulations. This project, based on a stratified random sample of 337 households in Nanjing, assesses perceptions related to different food safety concerns and issues among urban residents and explores differences in perceptions across social strata as defined by socioeconomic and demographic variables using principal component analysis and standard statistical tests.     

A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF IMAGE INTERPRETATION METHODS

Image interpretation methods, procedures for relating image pattern to ground conditions, are essential to our use of remote sensing imagery. These methods can be analyzed in respect to the role of ancillary information in the image interpretation process. In general, those procedures that are comparatively independent of ancillary information can be applied in varied geographic settings. Because almost all interpretation procedures depend to some extent upon ancillary information, a detailed and integrated knowledge of the cultural and physical landscape is a prerequisite for both manual and automated interpretation procedures.     

FREDERICK JACKSON TURNER AS A REGIONALIST∗

Basic contemporary portfolio models are applied to an interregional economic analysis of U.S. Census Regions during 1963-1978. The models are well suited the type of analysis that partitions a region's economic cycle into national and local components. Portfolio theory provides a logic for interregional cross investment; results of an empirical test indicate portfolio theory may be superior to simple neoclassical theory in explaining spatial patterns of capital investment.     

Nonprofit Foundations and Grassroots Organizing: Reshaping Urban Governance

Collaborative urban governance has increased the role of community organizations in local decision-making processes. These organizations need financial resources in order to participate in urban governance. In this article, I examine the impact of foundation grants on the relationships and agendas of four community organizations in one neighborhood in St. Paul, Minnesota. Drawing on interviews, observations of organizations, and archival research, I demonstrate that in the 1990s, nonprofit foundations had a significant impact on the formation of new organizations and on their agendas in the neighborhood. Foundations are, therefore, an important player in urban governance, shaping a “neighborhood policy regime.”