Simultaneous identification of parameter,initial condition,and boundary condition in groundwater modelling

In this paper, we perform an inverse method to simultaneously estimate aquifer parameters, initial condition, and boundary conditions in groundwater modelling. The parameter estimation is extended to a complete inverse problem that makes the calibrated groundwater flow model more realistic. The adjoint state method, the gradient search method, and the least square error algorithm are combined to build the optimization procedure. Horizontal two‐dimensional groundwater flow in a confined aquifer is exemplified to demonstrate the correlation between unknowns, the contribution of observation, as well as the suitability of applying the inverse method. The correlation analysis shows the connection between storage coefficient and initial condition. Besides, transmissivity and boundary conditions are also highly correlated. More observations at different location and time are necessary to provide sufficient information. A time series of unsteady head is requested for estimation of storage coefficient and initial condition. Observation near boundary is very effective for boundary condition estimation. The observation at pumping well mostly contributes to the estimation of transmissivity. According to all observations, it is possible to identify parameters, initial condition, and boundary condition simultaneously. Furthermore, the results not only illustrate the traditional assumption of known boundary condition but also initial condition, which may cause an incorrect estimation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Remnants of the amalgamation of the east and west Cathaysia blocks revealed by a short-period dense nodal array

The Cathaysia block located at the southeast South China block (SCB) is considered formed by the amalgamation of the east and west Cathaysia blocks along the Gaoyao–Huilai and Zhenghe–Dapu deep faults (here referred as GHF and ZDF, respectively). Although the extension of the ZDF to the northeast, which represents the amalgamation of the two sub-blocks has been confirmed, the development of the GHF to the southwest remains to be verified. To better constrain the detailed deep structure beneath the southwest Cathaysia, which hold great significance for revealing the evolution of the SCB, a linear seismic array with 331 nodal geophones was deployed across the Sanshui basin (SSB). Combining with the regional 10 permanent stations (PA), we obtained two profiles with teleseismic P-wave receiver function stacking. The most obvious feature in our results is the ascending Moho towards the coastal area, which is consistent with the passive margin continental and extensional tectonic setting. The stacking profile from the dense nodal array (DNA) shows that the Moho is offset beneath the transition zone of the Nanling orogeny and SSB. We deduce that this offset may be casued by the deep extension of the GHF, which represents the remnants of the amalgamation of the Cathaysia block. From the other evidences, we infer that the widespread and early erupted felsic magmas in the SSB may have resulted from lithospheric materials that were squeezed out to the surface. The relative higher Bouguer gravity and heat flow support the consolidation of magmas and the residual warm state in the shallow crustal scale beneath the SSB. The sporadic basaltic magmas in the middle SSB may have a close relation to deep extension of the GHF, which serves as a channel for upwelling hot materials.     

加速迭代硬阈值ISAR稀疏成像

加速迭代硬阈值(AIHT)作为一种压缩感知(CS)算法,具有计算复杂度低、内存占用小的特点,在较小数目的观测下,经过有限次迭代便能获得较好的重建效果。因此,本文将该算法应用到逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)稀疏成像,对该方法的具体特征和适用性进行了详细分析。仿真结果表明,在相同信噪比和回波脉冲数条件下,基于AIHT的ISAR成像方法,相比于稀疏贝叶斯算法(SBL),在重建时间上缩短了至少2个量级;相比于迭代加权最小二乘法(IRLS)和平滑l0范数算法,在重建质量上提高了约3倍。经实测数据处理结果验证,在1/4原始脉冲数条件下,该方法仍具有良好的聚焦性能和压低旁瓣效果。     

BDS/GPS实时动态网络伪距差分定位

针对基于单基准站的伪距差分定位方法中,随着流动站与基准站距离的增加,大气误差相关性减弱,定位精度将会降低的问题,该文采用网络伪距差分方法,利用网络将多个基准站的伪距改正数实时传输给流动站,并内插流动站改正数,提高定位精度的同时扩大差分范围。实验表明,该方法提高了常规伪距定位精度,实现了实时分米级定位,可满足大多数用户的导航定位需求。     

基于逆Stokes公式的测高重力反演中央区效应计算

为提高利用逆Stokes公式反演测高重力的精度,将中央区大地水准面高表示成双三次多项式插值形式,引入了非奇异变换,推导出了重力异常的计算公式。大地水准面高理论模型下的分析表明,该公式有较高的精度。以分辨率为2′×2′的大地水准面高数据为背景场进行了实际计算,结果说明中央区对反演重力异常有不容忽视的贡献。本文导出的公式可为高精度重力异常的反演提供理论依据。     

广义反距离加权空间推估法

提出了k阶广义反距离加权空间推估法。首先,估计空间函数在已知点处的各阶偏导数;然后,利用泰勒级数逼近原理计算待估点处的函数值,根据空间函数偏导数估值的方差协方差评价推估精度;最后,对待估点处的这些推估值进行最小二乘平差。引入了确定k阶广义反距离加权空间推估法阶次k的BIC准则,并以GPS水准推估为例进行了实验。     

基于稀疏反演算法的高分辨率Radon变换及其在多次波压制中的应用

针对目前双曲Radon变换Radon域能量团能量泄漏的问题,提出一种基于稀疏约束反演算法的高分辨率Radon变换进行多次波的压制. 该方法在常规双曲Radon变换的基础上加入稀疏约束条件,应用共轭导向梯度( CGG)反演算法进行求解,能有效地提高Radon域速度谱的聚焦效果,有利于分离一次波和多次波. 模型和实际资料试算证明了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

地震道的非线性混沌反演——Ⅰ.理论和数值试验

全文以地震道反演的数值实验为例,根据混沌理论讨论了非线性地震反演的以下特性:1.对于带误差的地震数据和极其平滑的初始模型,逐次线性化的迭代过程产生的输出序列最终走向无序,这是非线性反演系统本身的特性决定的;2.迭代（非线性反演）系统是由Poin-care映的或系统方程描述的;3.可以根据地震反问题的特点,用多种不同的方法定义相应的Lyapunov指数,它们的数值和组合是非线性反演系统状态的有效指示;4.取决于系统参数的选取,发现在二维相空间有奇异吸引子的对应物.总之,从混沌理论的角度来研究纯数学的非线性地震反问题,可以揭示某些过去鲜为人知的内在规律性.本文为全文的上篇,主要讨论前两个问题,即理论和地震道反演数值试验结果.     

全谱直读发射光谱仪分析中铜对铅谱线干扰机理的探讨

在使用全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪分析铅时,发现Cu221.810线对Pb220.3线形成干扰。产生这种干扰的原因是由于全谱直读等离子体发射光谱仪采用了固态阵列检测器和中阶梯光栅,从而在两条谱带之间发生了纵向干扰校正。可以采用干扰系数校正法或者选择在灵敏度稍低的VIS段摄谱进行干扰。     

A Zonal Pathway for NADW in the South Atlantic

Several large deployments of neutrally buoyant floats took place within the Antarctic Intermediate (AAIW), North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW), and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) of the South Atlantic in the 1990s and a number of hydrographic sections were occupied as well. Here we use the spatially and temporally averaged velocities measured by these floats, combined with the hydrographic section data and various estimates of regional current transports from moored current meter arrays, to determine the circulation of the three major subthermocline water masses in a zonal strip across the South Atlantic between the latitudes of 19°S and 30°S. We concentrate on this region because the historical literature suggests that it is where the Deep Western Boundary Current containing NADW bifurcates. In support of this notion, we find that a net of about 5 Sv. of the 15–20 Sv that crosses 19°S does continue zonally eastward at least as far as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Once across the ridge it takes a circuit to the north along the ridge flanks before returning to the south in the eastern half of the Angola Basin. The data suggest that the NADW then continues on into the Indian Ocean. This scheme is discussed in the context of distributions of dissolved oxygen, silicate and salinity. In spite of the many float-years of data that were collected in the region a surprising result is that their impact on the computed solutions is quite modest. Although the focus is on the NADW we also discuss the circulation for the AAIW and AABW layers.