Characteristics of recent tectonic stress field in Jiashi, Xinjiang and adjacent regions

Introduction The Pamirs region where Jiashi is located is one of the most active regions of continental plate dynamics in China. Frequent earthquakes here, especially several strong earthquakes oc- curred in 1997 and 2003, have provided excellent conditions for studying the tectonic stress field in this region and a large number of results (GAO and WEN, 2000; GAO et al, 2004; XU, 2001; ZHOU et al, 2001) have been obtained. Although different methods and data were used, under- standings …     

气枪震源激发模式及应用

气枪震源是一种重要的人工地震震源。气枪阵列理论的提出,使得气枪阵列设计技术日趋成熟,并能够在石油勘探和地球物理探测中得到更加广泛的运用。气枪震源在不同领域中应用时,需要不同的组合和激发模式,以适应不同的探测要求。加强主脉冲和加强气泡脉冲,是目前两种主要的气枪激发模式。通过比较研究两种气枪激发模式,讨论各种激发模式在激发时间、气枪间距、频率、分辨率等方面的差异,为气枪震源的广泛运用提供依据。     

Nonlinear determinism in river flow: prediction as a possible indicator

Whether or not river flow exhibits nonlinear determinism remains an unresolved question. While studies on the use of nonlinear deterministic methods for modeling and prediction of river flow series are on the rise and the outcomes are encouraging, suspicions and criticisms of such studies continue to exist as well. An important reason for this situation is that the correlation dimension method, used as a nonlinear determinism identification tool in most of those studies, may possess certain limitations when applied to real river flow series, which are always finite and often short and also contaminated with noise (e.g. measurement error). In view of this, the present study addresses the issue of nonlinear determinism in river flow series using prediction as a possible indicator. This is done by (1) reviewing studies that have employed nonlinear deterministic methods (coupling phase‐space reconstruction and local approximation techniques) for river flow predictions and (2) identifying nonlinear determinism (or linear stochasticity) based on the level of prediction accuracy in general, and on the prediction accuracy against the phase‐space reconstruction parameters in particular (termed as the ‘inverse approach’). The results not only provide possible indications to the presence of nonlinear determinism in the river flow series studied, but also support, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the low correlation dimensions reported for such. Therefore, nonlinear deterministic methods are a viable complement to linear stochastic ones for studying river flow dynamics, if sufficient caution is exercised in their applications and in interpreting the outcomes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic frame design via inverse mode design of frame-ground systems

A two-step stiffness design procedure is developed for a moment-resisting planar frame supported by a prescribed two-dimensional finite-element ground-pile system. In the first step, a hybrid inverse eigenmode problem is formulated and its solution is derived in an analytical form. A difficulty resulting from the existence of multiple interface nodes is overcome by incorporating a deformation constraint into a set of linear equations for finding the lowest-mode displacements at the interface nodes and in the ground. In the second step, the fundamental natural frequency of the combined system and the lowest mode-strain ratios in the frame specified in the first step are regarded as the parameters for adjusting the mean peak seismic member-end strains to their specified values. If the fundamental natural frequency of the frame with a fixed-base happens to be close to that of the ground, a difficulty arises in the two-step stiffness design procedure because of an irregular response amplification and of the non-predominance of the lowest-mode components. A new practical design procedure of rapid convergence is proposed such that an initial design is found for a stiff ground and that a sequence of stiffness designs is generated with respect to a ground stiffness parameter without any differential coefficient of series expansion. The accuracy of the model utilized in this paper and the validity of the present stiffness design procedure are verified through time-history response analysis.     

基于反演的衰减补偿方法(英文)

提高地震资料分辨率的一个有效途径就是衰减补偿,通过对地震波的衰减和频散效应进行校正,提高地震资料的分辨率。常规衰减补偿方法都是基于波场延拓的反Q滤波方法。本文利用Futterman衰减模型,导出了一种衰减介质中合成地震记录的计算方法,在此基础上将衰减补偿问题归结为一个Fredholm积分方程反问题,利用反演方法来实现衰减补偿。针对衰减补偿问题的不稳定性,利用Tikhonov正则化方法提高反演过程的稳定性,数值模拟资料和实际资料处理结果验证了方法的有效性。     

鹤岗地震台阵记录的矿震与天然地震频谱特征分析

基于鹤岗地震台阵勘选数据,分析各子台记录的矿震和天然地震的频谱特征,从各子台频谱一致性角度对观测场地进行评估;采用希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang,简称HHT)方法,分析矿震和天然地震的时频特征。结果显示:勘选记录的地震频谱特征与已有研究一致,各子台特征也较一致,该勘选场地适合建设台阵;由经验模态分解(EMD)后的本征模态函数(IMF)分量可以明显识别出矿震面波,矿震和天然地震的HHT谱的时频特征有明显区别。     

鹤岗地震台阵勘选记录信号及噪声的相关性分析

基于2019年中国地震局"一带一路"鹤岗地震台阵勘选资料,分析了勘选测点记录的近震Pg震相和远震P波震相在时间域和频率域的相关性。时间域相关分析结果显示,鹤岗地震台阵场地对近震Pg震相和远震P波震相的最佳监测距离分别约为550 m和1 570 m;频率域相干分析显示,监测远震P波信号的最佳距离约1 570 m,与时间域分析结果一致;近震和远震的最佳监测距离分别对应勘选台阵最内圆和最外圆半径,可作为该台阵布局设计的依据。台阵增益分析显示,勘选台阵对于Pg和P波震相识别具有一定增强作用。     

Modélisation directe et inverse de l'écoulement souterrain dans les milieux poreux

Résumé

Le présent article montre l'intérêt des simulations mathématiques dans la compréhension des aquifères complexes et hétérogènes. Le réservoir côtier du Maroc occidental est un exemple qui traduit une répartition spatiale des corps perméables et imperméables, d'où la nécessité d'approfondir la connaissance de son fonctionnement hydrogéologique en termes de modélisation numérique. Le modèle hydrodynamique proposé repose sur la résolution du problème direct et inverse. La simulation de l'écoulement (problème direct) en régime permanent a montré la persistance de grands écarts entre la piézométrie mesurée et calculée. Cette anomalie de calage est expliquée principalement par le caractère hétérogène et fissuré, incompatible avec la dérivation de l'équation de diffusivité qui présuppose un milieu continu et un régime laminaire plutôt que turbulent. Deux cartes principales ont été obtenues: (a) une carte des polygones de la conductivité hydraulique dont les valeurs varient entre 50 × 10^?4 et 80 × 10^?4 m/s; et (b) une carte des polygones de recharge avec des valeurs comprises entre 4.5 × 10^?9 et 5 × 10^?14 m/s. Le calage du modèle d'écoulement recherché dans la résolution du problème inverse consiste à identifier les paramètres de l'aquifère à partir de la piézométrie connue. Le code d'inversion PEST (Parameter ESTimation) a été utilisé pour créer des cartes montrant des polygones de la conductivité hydraulique et de la recharge avec des valeurs très similaires aux résultats du modèle conceptuel.     

A probabilistic performance‐based approach for mitigating the seismic pounding risk between adjacent buildings

Existing design procedures for determining the separation distance between adjacent buildings subjected to seismic pounding risk are based on approximations of the buildings' peak relative displacement. These procedures are characterized by unknown safety levels and thus are not suitable for use within a performance‐based earthquake engineering framework. This paper introduces an innovative reliability‐based methodology for the design of the separation distance between adjacent buildings. The proposed methodology, which is naturally integrated into modern performance‐based design procedures, provides the value of the separation distance corresponding to a target probability of pounding during the design life of the buildings. It recasts the inverse reliability problem of the determination of the design separation distance as a zero‐finding problem and involves the use of analytical techniques in order to evaluate the statistics of the dynamic response of the buildings. Both uncertainty in the seismic intensity and record‐to‐record variability are taken into account. The proposed methodology is applied to several different buildings modeled as linear elastic single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) systems, as well as SDOF nonlinear hysteretic systems. The design separation distances obtained are compared with the corresponding estimates that are based on several response combination rules suggested in the seismic design codes and in the literature. In contrast to current seismic code design procedures, the newly proposed methodology provides consistent safety levels for different building properties and different seismic hazard conditions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.