感潮河网二维水流-输运耦合数学模型

感潮河网水流不仅受径流、潮汐动力的双重影响,还常受水闸调度等人类活动的影响,水动力条件极为复杂。针对水闸调度影响下感潮河网复杂水动力及其伴随物质输移扩散模拟,提出了考虑水闸调度并集成输运对流项的水流-输运通量耦合求解器,建立了基于非结构网格Godunov格式的二维水流-输运耦合数学模型。采用具有时空二阶精度的MUSCL-Hancock预测-校正格式,结合变量重构限制器技术,在保证计算精度的同时避免了数值振荡。运用斜底三角单元网格表达水闸线状地形,并通过地形调整模拟了水闸启闭过程。算例研究表明,该模型计算精度高,可有效模拟水闸调度影响下感潮河网水流运动及污染物输运过程,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

高温密闭溶样电感耦合等离子体质谱准确测定辉钼矿铼-锇地质年龄

采用Carius管高温密闭溶样,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP MS)法对采自两个不同金属矿床的辉钼矿样品的Re Os同位素地质年龄进行了准确测定。所得出的Re Os年龄的平均值分别为14.26±0.19Ma和34.39±0.81Ma,相对标准偏差分别为1.3%(以2s计算,n=6)和2.4%(以2s计算,n=7)。采用国际通用的ISOPLOT软件按Model1模式对这两组样品分别进行处理,所得Re Os等时线年龄分别为14.32±0.46Ma和34.52±0.38Ma(均为95%置信水平)。同批次样品中所带的内部管理样JDC的Re Os年龄与国际先进实验室采用负离子热表面电离质谱测量所得的结果吻合也较好。说明在严格的质量体系保证及有效地降低实验室空白水平的前提下,ICP MS完全可以准确地测定辉钼矿的Re Os年龄。     

鲁西大井头地区隐爆角砾岩特征及其金成矿性研究

大井头地区隐爆角砾岩主要分布在大井头、归后庄和埠西桥等地,隐爆角砾岩与中生代形成的铜石杂岩体具有成因关系.结合化学分析、微量元素、激电中梯测量资料,分析了该区隐爆角砾岩的金成矿性,确定了归后庄、埠西桥为不成矿隐爆角砾岩,查明大井头隐爆角砾岩具有较好的成矿前景,并通过激电中梯测量圈定了一个极具成矿前景的靶区.     

江西李公岭花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb定年及找矿前景

为探究江西李公岭花岗闪长岩的成岩时代和成矿前景,对李公岭地区的花岗闪长岩及其中发育的隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩角砾岩块分别进行了锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年。测年结果表明,李公岭花岗闪长岩(150.6±1.1)Ma和隐爆角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩岩块(151.0±1.3)Ma基本为同时形成,时代为晚侏罗世。李公岭花岗闪长岩和李公岭角砾岩筒中的花岗闪长(斑)岩的形成时代与区内发育的阳储岭W-Mo矿的成岩成矿时代基本一致,以及隐爆角砾岩筒和周围的网脉状石英脉的存在,表明李公岭地区当时可能存在一个岩浆热液活动中心,且该热液活动可能与江南古陆东北缘燕山晚期大规模W-Mo成矿作用有关,暗示李公岭岩体周围具有较大的W-Mo找矿前景。     

多孔介质中含均相/非均相反应传质过程数值模拟

结合化学反应方程式,并应用多孔多相介质溶混污染物输运过程的数值模型,对多孔多相介质中含均相/非均相化学反应传质过程进行了数值模拟。化学反应主要包含均相快速/慢速和非均相快速/慢速等5种化学反应过程,溶质输运行为的控制机制主要考虑对流、扩散及降解、吸附等。基于原有的隐式特征线Galerkin离散化的有限元方法,求解模型控制方程的边值初值问题,求解过程中把均相化学反应物质中按照反应物和生成物分开,非均相反应物质按照固相和液相分开,对均相反应物及非均相液相物质浓度耦合求解,而均相生成物和非均相固相物质独立求解。使方程组按照其不同类型进行分类,同时可减少未知数的个数。对于含有非线性内状态变量的右端项进行迭代求解。数值例题结果验证了所提出的数值方法的有效性、计算精度和稳定性。     

用于多接收器等离子体质谱铜铁锌同位素测定的离子交换分离方法

采用AGMP-1阴离子交换树脂，分别以7mol／L HCl、2mol／L HCl、0．5mol／L HNO3作为淋洗剂，可有效分离Cu、Fe、Zn。介绍了方法的基本原理、化学分离过程及混合标准溶液与地质标样的分离结果。结果表明，Cu、Fe、Zn回收率均接近100％，标准溶液在离子交换分离前后同位素组成一致，可以满足多接收器等离子体质谱对Cu、Fe、Zn同位素高精度分析的要求。     

A Common Reference Material for Cadmium Isotope Studies – NIST SRM 3108

Research into natural mass‐dependent stable isotope fractionation of cadmium has rapidly expanded in the past few years. Methodologies are diverse with MC‐ICP‐MS favoured by all but one laboratory, which uses thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (TIMS). To quantify the isotope fractionation and correct for instrumental mass bias, double‐spike techniques, sample‐calibrator bracketing or element doping has been used. However, easy comparison between data sets has been hampered by the multitude of in‐house Cd solutions used as zero‐delta reference in different laboratories. The lack of a suitable isotopic reference material for Cd is detrimental for progress in the long term. We have conducted a comprehensive round‐robin assay of NIST SRM 3108 and the Cd isotope offsets to commonly used in‐house reference materials. Here, we advocate NIST SRM 3108 both as an isotope standard and the isotopic reference point for Cd and encourage its use as ‘zero‐delta’ in future studies. The purity of NIST SRM 3108 was evaluated regarding isobaric and polyatomic molecular interferences, and the levels of Zn, Pd and Sn found were not significant. The isotope ratio ¹¹⁴Cd/¹¹⁰Cd for NIST SRM 3108 lies within ～ 10 ppm Da^?1 of best estimates for the Bulk Silicate Earth and is validated for all measurement technologies currently in use.     

GGR Biennial Critical Review: Analytical Developments Since 2014

This GGR biennial critical review covers developments and innovations in key analytical methods published since January 2014, relevant to the chemical, isotopic and crystallographic characterisation of geological and environmental materials. In nine selected analytical fields, publications considered to be of wide significance are summarised, background information is provided and their importance evaluated. In addition to instrumental technologies, this review also presents a summary of new developments in the preparation and characterisation of rock, microanalytical and isotopic reference materials, including a précis of recent changes and revisions to ISO guidelines for reference material characterisation and reporting. Selected reports are provided of isotope ratio determinations by both solution nebulisation MC‐ICP‐MS and laser ablation‐ICP‐MS, as well as of radioactive isotope geochronology by LA‐ICP‐MS. Most of the analytical techniques elaborated continue to provide new applications for geochemical analysis; however, it is noted that instrumental neutron activation analysis has become less popular in recent years, mostly due to the reduced availability of nuclear reactors to act as a neutron source. Many of the newer applications reported here provide analysis at increasingly finer resolution. Examples include atom probe tomography, a very sensitive method providing atomic scale information, nanoscale SIMS, for isotopic imaging of geological and biological samples, and micro‐XRF, which has a spatial resolution many orders of magnitude smaller than conventional XRF.     

韧性剪切带糜棱岩类质量平衡分析——以豫西秦岭群蛇尾剪切带为例

蛇尾剪切带中糜棱岩的质量平衡分析表明:(1)以Al_2O_3守恒为限制条件,该剪切带损失了10％土的质量和体积,糜棱岩类有Na_2O,Zr,Sr的获得;SiO_2,TiO_2,FeO,Fe_2O_3,MgO,MnO,CaO,K_2O及Co,Ni,V,Cr,Cu,Y则损失了;(2)从初糜棱岩-糜棱岩,初糜棱岩-超糜棱岩和糜棱岩-超糜棱岩得出的质量等比线显示,糜棱岩类之间没有明显的质量和体积损失。糜棱岩组分的得失主要发生在初糜棱岩阶段,同初糜棱岩相比,糜棱岩、超糜棱岩有CaO的获得,FeO,MgO,TiO_2,Cr,Co,V,Y微弱的获得,Na_2O则有轻微的损失。     

非传统稳定同位素分析技术要点

高精度高质量的同位素分析技术是开展非传统稳定同位素地球化学工作的前提。同位素分析是不断提取样品真实信息的过程,包括样品制备、化学分离、质谱测定和数据处理4个基本步骤。在同位素分析过程中,每一环节都有可能引入空白或者污染,或造成同位素分馏,引发信息“失真”。为了准确获得样品的真实同位素组成,必须有效避免污染并精准校正在分析过程中可能的干扰。以Ca同位素为例,在总结前人工作的基础上,探讨了各个步骤所涉及的分析要点,为建立其他同位素体系的分析方法提供参考,为后续储库探讨、机理解析及应用研究提供技术支撑。