计算流体地球化学研究的进展

成矿作用的化学机理可以通过实验和计算机模拟进行研究。随着计算机运算能力的不断增强 ,在地球化学中正在形成一门新兴学科———计算地球化学。其中热质输运模拟、化学质量迁移数值模拟和流体输运化学反应耦合动力学研究取得了显著进展。建立在Darcy定律和守恒方程基础上的多孔介质热质输运模拟通过流函数图、等温线图及速率矢量图等 ,从古水文学和流体地球化学方面高度动态研究成矿作用。根据化学和热力学原理进行的化学质量迁移数值模拟则通过矿物和流体中化学物种的热力学数据 ,预测多组分体系中发生的流体岩石相互作用 ,定量揭示经历了复杂化学反应进程的成矿作用的化学行为。将上述两方面结合的流体输运化学反应耦合动力学 ,可以从时间和空间上模拟真实成矿流体系统复杂的动力学行为 ,是计算流体地球化学的发展方向。     

矿山复合开采岩体移动理论与安全评价方法

文中分析了复合采动影响下边坡岩体的移动特点 ,研究两种开挖效应的相互作用机理和边坡岩体破坏机制。在此基础上 ,应用随机介质理论 ,推导出地下开挖在边坡岩体内所产生的形变力 ,并依据边坡岩体稳定性计算理论 ,最终推导复合叠加采动影响下边坡稳定性计算方法。同时应用随机介质理论 ,推导出复合采动影响下地面变形的预测模型和特殊地质条件下变形的预测方法。结合实例对变形参数的计算方法等内容进行了分析和研究 ,并对后续开采将产生的变形值进行预测。     

Characteristics of teh seismic source stress field in teh joint region of Xianshuihe ,Long Monitoring the horizontal movement along the Shanxi faults

Twenty-two earthquakes (M _L=2.2–3.7) in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An’ninghe faults are studied in this paper. The source mechanism solutions of these events are obtained using P-wave first motion method, and the characteristics of the source stress field and rupture in the joint region are summarized preliminarily with some results of other researchers. Being strongly extruded by the approximately horizontal regional stress with the direction from north-west to south-east and the effect of the complex tectonics in the region, the source stress field has complex and variable characteristics. The earthquakes mainly show normal or strike-slip faults in Yajiang, North-triangle and west of Chengdu-block areas, indicating that the vertical forces have been playing an important role in the source stress fields, while the earthquakes mainly show reverse or strike-slip faults in Baoxing-Tianquan area, with the horizontal components of the principal pressure stress axes identical to the south-west direction to which the shallow mass is moving. We think that the manifold combinations of earthquake faults are the micro-mechanism based upon which the large regional shallow crust mass has been moving continually.     

Characteristics of the seismic source stress field in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults

IntroductionSichuan region is one of the extruded and connected parts between the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau and Yangtze block. And the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults reflects the structure characteristics formed by the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau(s extruding to Yangtze block and the Sichuan basin evolutionary process as fore-land basin. The researches on seismic activity in Sichuan region were mainly around Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An(ninghe faults separ…     

不同类型日冕物质抛射事件的比较

依据二维磁流体力学方程组 ,在子午面内分别数值模拟了与动量扰动和温度扰动相关的日冕物质抛射事件 （CME） ,并将二者结果进行对比 .结果认为 :二者在事件的空间结构 ,前沿激波的演化 ,暗腔的形成及作用 ,扰动后近日面新喷发物质的特征等方面是相似的 ;但在前沿激波的传播速度 ,强度和径向演化进程 ,暗腔的行为和磁感应强度以及后随等离子体团的密度等方面却不相同 .     

火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法及其意义

本文对前人使用的火山喷发过程中岩浆脱气率和脱气量的估算方法进行了评述,并介绍了如何利用岩石学方法估算火山喷发不同阶段岩浆脱气率和脱气量的具体步骤,同时以镜泊湖地区全新世火山为例说明利用该方法估算的具体过程。估算结果表明不同气体在火山喷发过程中的脱气率是不同的,不能用包裹体中挥发分相对含量的高低来判断火山喷发所释放到大气圈中的气体类型和质量。该方法对火山学的研究具有重要意义。     

Optimal Design of TMD Under Long-Term Nonstationary Wave Loading

—Traditionally,the use of a tuned mass damper(TMD)is to improve the surviability of the pri-mary structure under extraordinary loading environment while the design loading condition is describedby either a harmonic function or a stationary random process that can be fully characterized by a powerspectral density(PSD)function.Aiming at prolonging the fatigue life of an offshore platform,this studyconsiders an optimal design of TMD for the platform under long-term nonstationary loading due tolong-term random sea waves characterized by a probabilistic power spectral density(PPSD)function.Inprinciple,a PPSD could be derived based on numerous ordinary PSD functions;and each of them is treat-ed as realization of the corresponding PPSD.This study provides a theoretical development for theoptimal TMD design by minimizing the cost function to be the mean square value of the expectedlong-term response.A numerical example is presented to illustrate the developed design procedure.     

232 MHz太阳爆发与日冕物质抛射

利用综合孔径射电望远镜在 ２３２ ＭＨｚ观测太阳,具有 ３·８’的空间分辨率、 ２０ ｍｓ 的时间分辨率和高灵敏度及很好的抗干扰能力．１９９９年共观测到１２次大爆发,其中８次与日冕物质抛射相关．可以利用米波射电爆发预报ＣＭＥ事件．     

关于OH/IR星的质量损失率计算公式的讨论

利用几种不同的半经验公式计算一批OH／IR星的质量损失率,并通过比较计算结果来讨论所用的公式．在一些情况下,计算质量损失率必须先给定气尘比．通过计算出样品星的气尘比,并讨论气尘比的变化情况,以修正由尘埃质量损失率到总质量损失率的关系式．