近百年来长江河口航道拦门沙的形态演变特征

长江河口航道拦门沙对长江航运、泄洪以及上海港的建设具有重大的影响。通过近百年来历史资料和最新图件中北支、北港、北槽和南槽拦门沙河段的主泓剖面与平面图,分析近百年来4 个入海航槽拦门沙的形态演变特征。经分析发现：近100 年来,北支拦门沙由口外向口内逐渐移动并演变为口内巨型沙坎;北港拦门沙滩顶向下游移动了近30 km,2001 年后北港拦门沙河段开始有心滩发育;北槽拦门沙有两个明显的滩顶,但至2010 年这一显著特征消失;南槽拦门沙滩顶呈双峰型-多峰型-单峰型变化趋势,且滩顶向下游移动了约14 km。显然,除了北支拦门沙演变与崇明岛大规模围垦、北槽拦门沙演变与深水航道直接相关外,北港、南槽拦门沙演变特征主要与长江深水航道整治工程、横沙东滩圈围以及青草沙水库等大型工程影响有关。     

四川盆地东部长兴组礁滩相储层测井地质特征

综合运用钻井岩心、野外剖面、镜下薄片和常规测井曲线等资料对四川盆地东部长兴组礁滩相储层测井地质特征进行了分析研究。结果表明:长兴组测井相主要包括箱型、复合型、钟型、漏斗型和尖指型,箱型和复合型代表了台地边缘生物礁相带中的礁核微相,是长兴组最有利储层发育的测井相类型;钟型和漏斗型代表了台地边缘浅滩相带中的生屑滩微相;而尖指型则代表了最不利储层发育的滩间微相。研究区孔洞缝型储层最好,储集空间以原生孔洞为主;针孔型和裂缝型-针孔型其次,储集空间类型以晶间孔为主,在研究区最发育;而裂缝型最差,储集空间以不同成因的裂缝为主。通过测井模型的解释,峰18井长兴组储层自上而下逐渐变好,顶部为裂缝型储层,上部为针孔型储层,下部为孔洞缝型,与岩心观察、薄片鉴定和录井资料分析相符,确定了该模型的可靠性,为研究区未取心井储层类型的识别提供了依据。     

伶仃洋茅洲河口滩槽演变水沙模拟及治导线优化

为适应伶仃洋茅洲河口治理开发条件,以保证行洪顺畅为泄洪纳潮的首要原则,同时顺应水沙运动和河势发展规律,对河口进行治导线比选和优化。该河口治导线方案分单、双通道,两类通道不同扩宽率下设计有围填、围填加开挖2种方案,开展水动力泥沙数学模拟计算和物理模型试验。结果表明:河口治导线各方案对伶仃洋涨、落潮流速的影响范围主要集中在交椅湾及其附近海域;方案实施后,周边海区冲淤变化较小,未对河势造成不利影响;根据对水动力、河口泄洪、河势稳定影响的综合分析,单双通道相比较而言,对洪水位、纳潮量、高低潮位、流速、河床冲淤的影响规律具有较好的一致性,相同扩宽率下各方案的影响程度均在同量级。     

江油二郎庙鱼洞子剖面飞仙关组鲕粒滩内部构成

江油二郎庙鱼洞子地区飞仙关组早期发育4期鲕粒滩,分别位于4个准层序组Pss1、Pss2、Pss3和Pss4内部.Pss1由两个准层序Ps1和Ps2组成,Ps2是鲕粒滩主体;滩体发育时,剖面位于稳定鲕粒砂坪边缘靠近深水区,以含鲕粒粉-细晶灰岩和鲕粒灰岩为主,鲕粒直径较小,在0.3~0.8mm之间,下部鲕粒含量在20%左右,往上增加到50%~60%,分选中等,呈圆-次圆状.Pss2由3个准层序Ps1、Ps2和Ps3组成,Ps1上部、Ps2和Ps3共同构成鲕粒滩主体;滩体发育时,剖面位于稳定鲕粒砂坪区,以含豆粒鲕粒灰岩和含鲕粒豆粒灰岩为主,颗粒含量在40%~65%之间,其中鲕粒直径较大,在0.2~1.8mm之间,颗粒分选普遍较差,多呈圆-次圆状.Pss3由两个准层序Ps1和Ps2组成,Ps1和Ps2共同构成鲕粒滩主体;滩体发育时,剖面位于稳定鲕粒砂坪靠近鲕粒滩活动边缘区,以鲕粒灰岩为主,颗粒含量在40%~70%之间,其中鲕粒直径较小,在0.1~0.8mm之间,颗粒分选中等-差,多呈次圆状.Pss4由5个准层序Ps1、Ps2、Ps3、Ps4和Ps5组成,后4个是鲕粒滩主体;滩体发育时,剖面位于鲕粒滩活动边缘区,每个准层序下部为白云质鲕粒灰岩,鲕粒含量在50%~60%之间,直径较小,在0.2~0.8mm之间,分选中等-差,多呈圆状,上部为残余鲕粒云岩,鲕粒含量多在80%以上,直径很小,在0.2~0.5mm之间,分选好,呈圆状.滩体解剖和物性测试发现在鲕粒滩活动边缘区,受较强水动力条件改造的鲕粒滩易于形成优质储层,颗粒含量在55%以上且白云石含量在60%以上的鲕粒滩岩石物性明显较好,其平均孔隙度和渗透率分别可以达到10.94%和0.076×10-3μm2.可见,鲕粒滩活动边缘是潜在的优质储层发育部位,且优质储层形成与原始沉积条件密切相关.      

Shoal‐water deltas in high‐accommodation settings: Insights from the lacustrine Valimi Formation (Gulf of Corinth,Greece)

The stratigraphic architecture of shoal‐water deltaic systems developed in low‐accommodation settings is relatively well‐known. In contrast, the features of shoal‐water deltas developed in high‐accommodation settings remain relatively poorly documented, especially when compared with the available data sets for Gilbert‐type deltaic systems developed in the same settings. The lacustrine Valimi Formation (Gulf of Corinth, Greece) provides an opportunity to investigate the facies assemblage and architectural style of shoal‐water deltaic systems developed in high‐accommodation settings. The studied interval accumulated during the Pliocene and Pleistocene and represents part of the early syn‐rift Gulf of Corinth succession. Six facies associations, each described in terms of depositional processes and geometries, have been identified and interpreted to represent a range of proximal to distal deltaic sub‐environments: delta plain, distributary channel, mouth‐bar, delta front, prodelta and open lake. The facies associations and their architectural elements reveal characteristics which are not common in traditionally described shoal‐water deltas. Of note, different facies arrangements are observed in the distributary channels in different sectors of the delta, passing from thick single‐storey channel fills embedded within delta‐plain fines in landward positions, to thin, amalgamated and multi‐storey channels closer to the river mouth. This study proposes a new depositional model for shoal‐water deltas in high‐accommodation settings documenting, for the first time, that shoal‐water delta deposits can form a substantial part of stratigraphic successions that accumulate in these settings. The proposed depositional model provides new criteria for the recognition and interpretation of these deposits; the results of this study have applied significance for reservoir characterization.     

开江—梁平台内海槽东段长兴组礁滩相储层识别标志及其预测

川东上二叠统长兴组生物礁滩储集体位于开江—梁平台内海槽东段。研究区发育有台内海槽(深水盆地)、台地前缘缓斜坡、台地边缘生物礁滩和开阔台地四个相带,其中台地边缘生物礁滩相地层为最重要的油气勘探层段。长兴组储层岩性主要为礁滩相白云岩,具有分布面积广和厚度较大的特点。综合利用地质、钻井、地震等资料,并以岩芯观察描述、薄片鉴定和沉积相分析为依据,建立了识别礁滩相储层的测井相和地震相模型。在地震相模型中,确定地震剖面中波阻杂乱、中断和下拉的烟囱效应,是寻找礁滩相储层和气藏的有效标志。在此基础上,以建立礁滩体地质模型作为预测有利生物礁滩相带的地震反演约束条件,结合地质资料预测的有利生物礁滩储集体及白云岩厚度分布图,最终圈定出有利储层发育区和优选勘探目标区。     

四川安岳气田龙王庙组颗粒滩岩溶储层发育特征及主控因素

安岳气田磨溪区块下寒武统龙王庙组气藏是迄今为止我国已发现的最大的整装碳酸盐岩气藏.该气藏发育于川中古隆起东端,已探明含气面积805 km2,提交探明天然气地质储量4 403.8×108 m3,其高效开发对保障川渝地区的天然气供应具有重要战略意义.龙王庙组储层发育表现出较强的非均质性,不同部位气井产能差异较大.深入开展储...     

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组暴露浅滩、非暴露浅滩与储层关系

四川盆地东北部飞仙关组中发育大量浅滩相沉积,不同地区浅滩形成时的古地理背景及海平面升降情况不同,导致沉积物岩性及储集性能截然不同。广元、通江、南江、巴中地区浅滩位于下三叠统飞仙关组三段,形成于海平面上升过程,沉积物一直处于被海水淹没状态,未曾暴露,岩性为灰色亮晶鲕粒灰岩、亮晶砂屑灰岩,颗粒间全被方解石晶体充填,岩石孔隙度和渗透率低,储集性能相对较差。达县宣汉地区浅滩位于飞仙关组二段中,沉积基底为一水下高地,形成于海平面下降过程;沉积物经常暴露于潮上,发生白云岩化和大气淡水溶蚀作用,埋葬后岩石又发生了重结晶作用和进一步溶蚀作用,岩性为砂屑白云岩、溶孔白云岩、残余鲕粒白云岩夹少量灰岩、鲕粒灰岩,岩石中晶间孔、粒间孔及溶孔丰富,孔隙度高,渗透率好,储集性能极佳。油气勘探时要注意寻找类似达县宣汉地区飞仙关组二段中的暴露浅滩型储层。     

曹妃甸填海工程阻断浅滩潮道中期老龙沟深槽的地形变化特征

据2006年及以前的测深资料,已得知在曹妃甸填海工程修建的通道公路阻断浅滩潮道后的初期(2004年—2006年6月),老龙沟深槽有变浅和淤积的趋势。现研究了在通道公路阻断浅滩潮道后的中期(2006年7月—2008年)老龙沟深槽的变化趋势。根据2006年7月—2008年10月3个横切老龙沟深槽的测深剖面的对比分析,发现在该时间段内老龙沟深槽有一定加深和侵蚀的趋势。原因与人类活动密切相关,局部沟底有过抽沙活动,而且该时期也是曹妃甸填海工程最主要的施工期,大规模剧烈地从海中抽沙取土填海,取土规模达3~4亿t,也会引起老龙沟深槽的局部加深。     

Sedimentation in shallow to deep water carbonate environments across a sequence boundary: effects of a fall in sea-level on the evolution of a carbonate system (Ladinian-Carnian, eastern Lombardy, Italy)

In the Concarena‐Pizzo Camino Massif (Lombardy Basin, Southern Alps, Italy) the lateral transition from Ladinian‐Carnian carbonate platforms to coeval intraplatform basins is preserved. The succession records the sedimentological evidence of a sea‐level fall on a flat‐topped platform with a narrow marginal reef rim and its effects in the adjacent deeper‐water basin. Repeated high‐frequency exposures of the platform top are recorded by a peritidal–supratidal succession that overlies subtidal inner platform facies of the former highstand system tract (HST). On the slope and in the basin, the sea‐level fall is recorded by a few metre thick succession of bioclastic packstones. These facies directly lie on coarse clinostratified breccia bodies (slope facies of the former HST) or on resedimented, well‐bedded, dark laminated limestones (basinal facies of the HST). This facies distribution indicates that during the sea‐level fall carbonate production on the platform top decreased rapidly and that sedimentation in the basin was mainly represented by condensed facies. Microfacies record an enrichment, during low stand, in pelagic biota (packstones with radiolarians and spiculae), whereas the occurrence of platform‐derived, shallow‐water materials is limited to thin lenses of reworked and micritized Fe‐rich oolites and bioclasts (mainly pelecypods and echinoderms). The facies association in the Concarena‐Pizzo Camino Massif demonstrates that a highly‐productive carbonate factory was almost completely turned off during the emergence of the platform top at a sequence boundary, leading to low‐stand starvation in the basin. The reconstruction of the stratigraphic evolution of the Concarena‐Pizzo Camino carbonate platform therefore represents a significant case history for the study of the behaviour of ancient carbonate systems during a fall in sea‐level, independent of its origin (eustatic or tectonic).