白马含矿层状镁铁—超镁铁质侵入体的岩石学研究

白马岩体是层状构造发育、分异作用明显的单斜层状侵入体,产于攀西裂谷带中段,侵位于前震旦系会理群变质岩系中,K-Ar年龄为342～363Ma。层状岩系可划分下部镁铁质岩、超镁铁质岩、上部镁铁质岩及浅色镁铁质岩等四个岩相带。固溶体矿物的成分、岩石化学和稀土元素的特点及其演化,表明岩体是在熔离和液态重力分异的基础上经过自下而上的结晶分异作用形成的。     

福建晋江金井——深沪湾断陷晚第四纪的地壳变动及海平面变化

本文根据实际调查资料，探讨了福建晋江金井－－深沪湾断陷的地貌、第四纪沉积特征，晚第四纪的断裂－ 断块构造活动、地壳变形及区域海平面变化。     

鲁西裂谷系的地质特征及演化

鲁西地块上分布着一系列的北西向乃至北西西向拗陷带。从火山活动、沉积相和地质构造特征方面分析,具有明显的中、新生代裂谷性质。自北向南主要由泰安—莱芜、新泰—蒙阴和泗水—平邑裂谷组成,中间隔以新南山—孟良崮和蒙山隆起带,统称鲁西裂谷系。它是继承前晚侏罗世的古老扭性或压扭性断裂带而持续活动的。主要裂谷活动阶段有二:晚侏罗世—早白垩世的初生裂谷阶段和早第三纪的再生裂谷阶段,间夹以晚白垩世和晚第三纪—第四纪的扭性或压扭性为主的构造作用阶段。产生裂谷的力源主要是地幔上隆效应以及由太平洋板块的俯冲作用和印度板块的府冲、碰撞作用导致的区域应力场效应。     

The declining but non-rejuvenating base level—The Lisan lake,the Dead Sea area,Israel

Laboratory experiments investigating the effects of a lowering base level do not simulate natural eustatic lowering along concave river profiles. The field data on this issue are also quite limited. In evaluating the control exercised by lowering base level on a drainage network, distinction must be made between its influence and those of other hydromorphological processes operating within the basin. Field data on morphological relations, based on photogrammetric mapping and longitudinal profiling, have been gathered in the Dead Sea area, Israel, where a rapid fall in base level has occurred during the Holocene. The study area is an entrenched fan delta with a sequence of 14 unpaired fan terraces which die out at intersection points within an alluvial fan system. The results suggest that the intersection points did not function as base levels. The receding base level played only a passive role, allowing entrenchment without transmitting a head-cutting feedback basinwards. The arid environment caused a delay in transmission of information through the system. The results support the model of short, episodic, and discontinuous erosional events, inherent in the evolution of drainage basins. It is suggested that base level effects in temperate and humid regions are not transferrable to arid zones.     

攀西裂谷及邻区构造应力场演化与叠加断裂作用

攀西裂谷形成和演化包含四个构造期:1)加里东期;2)海西晚期;3)印支早期和4)印支晚期。加里东期和海西晚期,地壳受近东西向张应力。印支早期区域张应力方向为北西西—南东东,裂谷断陷。印支晚期构造运动应力特征是北西西—南东东方向压缩,裂谷闭合、消亡。燕山期区域最大主应力方向仍是北西西—南东东。喜山期以块断作用为主。喜山期、燕山期和印支期的构造应力使它们古老的断裂产生叠加断裂作用。     

Three-dimensional SeaMARC II,gravity, and magnetics study of large-offset rift propagation at the Pito Rift,Easter microplate

We present results from a SeaMARC II bathymetry, gravity, and magnetics survey of the northern end of the large-offset propagating East Rift of the Easter microplate. The East Rift is offset by more than 300 km from the East Pacific Rise and its northern end has rifted into approximately 3 Ma lithosphere of the Nazca Plate forming a broad (70–100 km) zone of high (up to 4 km) relief referred to as the Pito Rift. This region appears to have undergone distributed and asymmetric extension that has been primarily accommodated tectonically, by block faulting and tilting, and to a lesser degree by seafloor spreading on a more recently developed magmatic accretionary axis. The larger fault blocks have dimensions of 10–15 km and have up to several km of throw between adjacent blocks suggesting that isostatic adjustments occur on the scale of the individual blocks. Three-dimensional terrain corrected Bouguer anomalies, a three-dimensional magnetic inversion, and SeaMARC II backscatter data locate the recently developed magmatic axis in an asymmetric position in the western part of the rift. The zone of magmatic accretion is characterized by an axis of negative Bouguer gravity anomalies, a band of positive magnetizations, and a high amplitude magnetization zone locating its tip approximately 10 km south of the Pito Deep, the deepest point in the rift area. Positive Bouguer gravity anomalies and negative magnetizations characterize the faulted area to the east of the spreading axis supporting the interpretation that this area consists primarily of pre-existing Nazca plate that has been block faulted and stretched, and that no substantial new accretion has occurred there. The wide zone of deformation in the Pito Rift area and the changing trend of the fault blocks from nearly N-S in the east to NW-SE in the west may be a result of the rapidly changing kinematics of the Easter microplate and/or may result from ridge-transform like shear stresses developed at the termination of the East Rift against the Nazca plate. The broad zone of deformation developed at the Pito Rift and its apparent continuation some distance south along the East Rift has important implications for microplate mechanics and kinematic reconstructions since it suggests that initial microplate boundaries may consist in part of broad zones of deformation characterized by the formation of lithospheric scale fault blocks, and that what appear to be pseudofaults may actually be the outer boundaries of tectonized zones enclosing significant amounts of stretched pre-existing lithosphere.     

新疆库木库里盆地砂砾岩型铜矿成因分析

库木库里新生代山间断陷盆地位于东昆仑褶皱带东部北侧,东西长350km,南北宽20～75km,已发现矿体20多条,矿化体50多条,预计远景资源量大于100万t,是寻找砂砾岩型铜矿的理想区域.区内共有三个含铜层位,均产于古近系和新近系红色沉积建造所夹的浅色碎屑岩组合中,并在盆内背斜构造核部附近出露,保存于向斜构造两翼或倾伏端之中.成矿物质主要来源于盆地两侧富铜的岩浆岩、铜矿化体,矿(化)体沉积于环境发生变化的过渡期,并在后期改造成矿.文章从物源、沉积环境、控矿岩性和后期改造等方面对铜矿的成因进行了分析,总结了控矿因素和找矿标志,指导找矿.     

滇中中元古界大龙口组地震灾变事件及地质意义

软沉积物变形构造是确定古地震存在的关键证据之一。笔者在云南易门地区进行野外露头剖面调 查时, 在滇中新元古代大龙口组中识别出了3个地震事件层, 其中发现大量的水塑性褶皱、液化构造等变形构造, 主要类型包括微褶皱纹层、与液化脉有关的褶皱、与液化层有关的褶皱和受侧向挤压而成的顺层滑动、碟状泄水构造、液化脉、液化沙侵、水压破裂等构造。此外, 臼齿构造与水塑性褶皱、液化构造等地震成因变形构造伴生发育, 并且其脉体形态、大小、优势方位等与后者的分布、变形样式、强度等有一定的对应关系。软沉积物变形构造及臼齿构造的形态、位态及发育层位特征表明, 它们的驱动机制是地震活动。迄今为止, 已发现的滇中地区大龙口组震积岩均分布于罗茨?甘庄断裂的东侧, 指示软沉积物变形、臼齿构造与西缘控盆断裂间存在密切的成因联系。     

断陷湖盆中强制湖退沉积作用及其成因机制

断陷湖盆中相对湖平面下降引起的湖退作用称之为强制湖退作用。强制湖退作用时期若存在沉积物供给盆地,将加速湖退作用,并形成一套具有明显前积结构的强制湖退前积体。强制湖退前积体的顶积层不发育,地震剖面上具斜交前积反射结构。强制湖退前积体的顶界面为层序界面,且伴随有下切谷的形成。气候变化、构造抬升和边界断层的幕式断陷活动引起的盆地缓坡带基底差异沉降运动均可引起断陷湖盆中相对湖平面的下降,也是引起强制湖退作用的三大成因机制。强制湖退前积体具有良好的油气成藏条件,是隐蔽油气藏有利勘探目标。     

库姆塔格沙漠形成演化与区域新构造运动关系研究

库姆塔格沙漠位于塔里木板块东部的阿尔金山北麓地带,受青藏高原新构造运动强烈隆升和贯穿本区的阿尔金断裂系发生左旋走滑变动的影响,构筑了南高北低的地质构造变为盆山格局。通过现今的断裂左旋走滑、多风向吹扬及南侧高山洪水及泥石流侵蚀地形共同作用表现出帚状弧形展布。风沙地貌特征表现为由东北向西南分异明显、沙丘类型复杂、形态独特,主要以羽毛状沙丘、金字塔沙丘著称。