阿尔泰大型-超大型矿床富集区地壳演化

通过构造、岩浆、变质、成矿等地质作用及其时空演化规律的对比分析,以及物探重力、航磁及遥感信息的综合研究,认为古生代阿尔泰富蕴地幔热柱成因的三联点裂谷形成与演化———“手风琴式”开合,是阿尔泰大型- 超大型矿床富集区形成与演化的根本原因。地幔热柱热地幔物质大规模上涌和横向扩张,产生三联点裂谷系统,导致古大陆解体,形成阿尔泰“洋岛型”蛇绿岩、阿尔泰型花岗岩、花岗岩化、高温低压变质带和主要大型- 超大型矿床;地幔热柱活动停止或间息,导致三联点裂谷系统发生A 型俯冲而封闭造山,形成三叉式陆间造山带和同造山花岗岩、     

A model for the three-dimensional evolution of continental rift basins,north-east Africa

Large areas of north-east Africa were dominated by regional extension in the Late Phanerozoic. Widespread rifting occurred in the Late Jurassic, with regional extension culminating in the Cretaceous and resulting in the greatest areal extent and degree of interconnection of the west, central and north African rift systems. Basin reactivation continued in the Paleocene and Eocene and new rifts probably formed in the Red Sea and western Kenya. In the Oligocene and Early Miocene, rifts in Kenya, Ethiopia and the Red Sea linked and expanded to form the new east African rift system.This complex history of rifting resulted in failed rift basins with low to high strain geometries, a range of associated volcanism and varying degrees of interaction with older structures. One system, the Red Sea rift, has partially attained active seafloor spreading. From a comparison of these basins, a general model of three-dimensional rift evolution is proposed. Asymmetrical crustal geometries dominated the early phases of these basins, accompanied by low angle normal faulting that has been observed at least locally in outcrop. As rifting progressed, the original fault and basin forms were modified to produce larger, more through-going structures. Some basins were abandoned, others experienced reversals in regional dip and, in general, extension and subsidence became focused along narrower zones near the rift axes. The final transition to oceanic spreading was accomplished in the Red Sea by a change to high angle, planar normal faulting and diffuse dike injection, followed by the organization of an axial magma chamber.     

雷琼第四纪火山活动的新认识

本文根据７６个岩石样品的年龄和１０７个钻孔剖面的对比，认为本区第四纪火山活动可分为６期，并具有以喷溢为主，多旋回，从海相向陆相转变的，文中以较多的岩石学证据论证了岩浆源地和火山构造环境，同时从板块构造观点论述了雷琼裂谷的发育阶段和火山活动兴衰过程。     

伊舒地堑的构造-沉积演化及其聚油条件

伊舒地堑早第三纪盆地的结构、充填形式和充填序列以及区域构造格局表明,它属于我国东北部(东部)新生代裂谷系中的一部分,其发育级别低于辽河裂谷盆地带,而优于佳伊地堑北段,为一初始裂谷盆地。该盆地经历了裂谷前隆升剥蚀(晚白垩—古新世)、张裂深陷(始新世)、充填淤积(渐新世)和后期改造(早第三纪末)四个阶段的演化。与我国东部其它新生代裂谷盆地的演化近同时同步。地堑中5000多米厚的早第三纪陆相沉积物具有良好的生储油条件。同时地堑的构造-沉积演化决定了所形成的油气藏具有个体多而细小的特点,在有利的油气聚集区形成复式油田。     

滇中地区晚三叠世的重力流沉积及其地质意义

上三叠统云南驿组一段下部是钙质浊积岩,上部为陆源碎屑浊积岩及少量火山碎屑浊积岩;二段的角砾状灰岩有坍塌和重力滑动两种成因,夹钙质浊积岩。罗家大山组一段由火山碎屑质的碎屑流、浊流和颗粒流沉积组成,夹基性熔岩。它们是滇中裂谷的记录,物源区在西边,构成中国西南部三叠纪古特提斯的一部分。     

Absence of a regional surface thermal high in the Baikal rift; new insights from detailed contouring of heat flow anomalies

Heat flow in active tectonic zones as the Baikal rift is a crucial parameter for evaluating deep anomalous structures and lithosphere evolution. Based on the interpretation of the existing datasets, the Baikal rift has been characterized in the past by either high heat flow, or moderately elevated heat flow, or even lacking a surface heat flow anomaly. We made an attempt to better constrain the geothermal picture by a detailed offshore contouring survey of known anomalies, and to estimate the importance of observed heat flow anomalies within the regional surface heat output. A total of about 200 new and close-spaced heat flow measurements were obtained in several selected study areas in the North Baikal Basin. With an outrigged and a violin-bow designed thermoprobe of 2–3-m length, both the sediment temperature and thermal conductivity were measured. The new data show at all investigated sites that the large heat flow highs are limited to local heat flow anomalies. The maximum measured heat flow reaches values of 300–35000 mW/m², but the extent of the anomalies is not larger than 2 to 4 km in diameter. Aside of these local anomalies, heat flow variations are restricted to near background values of 50–70 mW/m², except in the uplifted Academician zone. The extent of the local anomalies excludes a conductive source, and therefore heat transport by fluids must be considered. In a conceptual model where all bottom floor heat flow anomalies are the result of upflowing fluids along a conduit, an extra heat output of 20 MW (including advection) is estimated for all known anomalies in the North Baikal Basin. Relative to a basal heat flow of 55–65 mW/m², these estimations suggest an extra heat output in the northern Lake Baikal of only 5%, corresponding to a regional heat flow increase of 3 mW/m². The source of this heat can be fully attributed to a regional heat redistribution by topographically driven ground water flow. Thus, the surface heat flow is not expected to bear a signal of deeper lithospheric thermal anomalies that can be separated from heat flow typical for orogenically altered crust (40–70 mW/m²). The new insights on the geothermal signature in the Baikal rift once more show that continental rifting is not by default characterized by high heat flow.     

Active intracontinental transpressional mountain building in the Mongolian Altai: Defining a new class of orogen

Mountain ranges that are actively forming around the western and northern perimeter of the Indo-Eurasia collisional deformational field, such as the Mongolian Altai, comprise a unique class of intracontinental intraplate transpressional orogen with structural and basinal elements that are distinct from contractional and extensional orogens. Late Cenozoic uplift and mountain building in the Mongolian Altai is dominated by regional-scale dextral strike-slip faults that link with thrust and oblique-slip faults within a 300-km-wide deforming belt sandwiched between the more rigid Junggar Basin block and Hangay Precambrian craton. Dominant orogenic elements in the Mongolian Altai include double restraining bends, terminal restraining bends, partial restraining bends, single thrust ridges, thrust ridges linked by strike-slip faults, and triangular block uplifts in areas of conjugate strike-slip faults. The overall pattern is similar to a regional strike-slip duplex array; however, the significant amount of contractional and oblique-slip displacement within the range and large number of historical oblique-slip seismic events renders the term “transpressional duplex” more accurate. Intramontane and range flanking basins can be classified as ramp basins, half-ramp basins, open-sided thrust basins, pull-apart basins, and strike-slip basins. Neither a classic fold-and-thrust orogenic wedge geometry nor a bounding foredeep exists. The manner in which upper crustal transpressional deformation is balanced in the lower crust is unknown; however, crustal thickening by lower crustal inflation and northward outflow of lower crustal material are consistent with existing geological and geodetic data and could account for late Cenozoic regional epeirogenic uplift in the Russian Altai and Sayan regions.