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131.
扬子地块北缘晚古生代-早中生代裂谷系统的分布及成因分析 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
晚二叠世长兴期-早三叠世印度期,在扬子地块的西北缘发育了一系列北西向展布的深水盆地区。根据成因分析证实,它们为伸展背景下形成的裂谷系统或者裂谷盆地群。平面上各裂谷盆地彼此近于平行,与北侧的南秦岭造山带在走向上呈正交和大角度斜交的排列,自西向东依次为开江-梁平裂谷、城口-鄂西裂谷和荆门-当阳裂谷。其中的开江-梁平裂谷东西两侧发现了巨大的天然气田而引起石油勘探家和地质学家的关注。本文对于这些控制油气资源储备的裂谷体系的分布和形成机制进行研究后,认为它们形成于南秦岭洋闭合时的碰撞作用,是南秦岭造山带和扬子地块拼合时同生的巨型"碰撞裂谷系统"。 相似文献
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134.
内蒙古西部额济纳旗及邻区上石炭统—下二叠统阿木山组火山岩的地球化学特征 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
分析了上石炭统小独山阶—下二叠统紫松阶阿木山组玄武岩地球化学特征,对玄武岩类型、岩石特征、构造环境等进行了探讨,结合前人的研究成果,阐述了石炭纪—二叠纪盆地的基本性质。Zr/TiO2-Nb/Y、SiO2-TFeO/MgO和Zr-Y-Nb图解显示,玄武岩类型主要为亚碱性的拉斑玄武岩;稀土元素球粒陨石配分模式为右倾曲线,(La/Yb)N值较高,轻重稀土元素分馏较强,(Gd/Lu)N值相对较低,重稀土元素分馏较弱,δEu在0.87~1.11之间,无明显Eu异常;N-MORB标准化的微量元素蛛网图显示,K2O、Rb、Ba、Th等不相容元素富集,Hf、Nb、Y等亏损。Zr-Zr/Y和Ta/Hf-Th/Hf构造环境图解表明,该玄武岩产于陆内裂谷,指示晚石炭世—早二叠世额济纳旗及其邻区已进入了陆内演化阶段,为拉张作用下的陆内裂谷(裂陷)盆地。 相似文献
135.
A new model is suggested for the history of the Baikal Rift,in deviation from the classic two-stage evolution scenario,based on a synthesis of the available data from the Baikal Basin and revised correlation between tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic complexes(TLSC) in sedimentary sections around Lake Baikal and seismic stratigraphic sequences(SSS) in the lake sediments.Unlike the previous models,the revised model places the onset of rifting during Late Cretaceous and comprises three major stages which are subdivided into several substages.The stages and the substages are separated by events of tectonic activity and stress reversal when additional compression produced folds and shear structures.The events that mark the stage boundaries show up as gaps,unconformities,and deformation features in the deposition patterns. The earliest Late Cretaceous-Oligocene stage began long before the India-Eurasia collision in a setting of diffuse extension that acted over a large territory of Asia.The NW-SE far-field pure extension produced an NE-striking half-graben oriented along an old zone of weakness at the edge of the Siberian craton.That was already the onset of rift evolution recorded in weathered lacustrine deposits on the Baikal shore and in a wedge-shaped acoustically transparent seismic unit in the lake sediments.The second stage spanning Late Oligocene-Early Pliocene time began with a stress change when the effect from the Eocene India-Eurasia collision had reached the region and became a major control of its geodynamics.The EW and NE transpression and shear from the collisional front transformed the Late Cretaceous half-graben into a U-shaped one which accumulated a deformed layered sequence of sediments.Rifting at the latest stage was driven by extension from a local source associated with hot mantle material rising to the base of the rifted crust.The asthenospheric upwarp first induced the growth of the Baikal dome and the related change from finer to coarser molasse deposition.With time,the upwarp became a more powerful stress source than the collision,and the stress vector returned to the previous NW-SE extension that changed the rift geometry back to a half-graben. The layered Late Pliocene-Quaternary subaerial tectonic-lithological-stratigraphic and the Quaternary submarine seismic stratigraphic units filling the latest half-graben remained almost undeformed.The rifting mechanisms were thus passive during two earlier stages and active during the third stage. The three-stage model of the rift history does not rule out the previous division into two major stages but rather extends its limits back into time as far as the Maastrichtian.Our model is consistent with geological, stratigraphic,structural,and geophysical data and provides further insights into the understanding of rifting in the Baikal region in particular and continental rifting in general. 相似文献
136.
In this paper we determine the structure and evolution of a normal fault system by applying qualitative and quantitative fault analysis techniques to a 3D seismic reflection dataset from the Suez Rift, Egypt. Our analysis indicates that the October Fault Zone is composed of two fault systems that are locally decoupled across a salt-bearing interval of Late Miocene (Messinian) age. The sub-salt system offsets pre-rift crystalline basement, and was active during the Late Oligocene-early Middle Miocene. It is composed of four, planar, NW–SE-striking segments that are hard- linked by N–S-striking segments, and up to 2 km of displacement occurs at top basement, suggesting that this fault system nucleated at or, more likely, below this structural level. The supra-salt system was active during the Pliocene-Holocene, and is composed of four, NW–SE-striking, listric fault segments, which are soft-linked by unbreached relay zones. Segments in the supra-salt fault system nucleated within Pliocene strata and have maximum throws of up to 482 m. Locally, the segments of the supra-salt fault system breach the Messinian salt to hard-link downwards with the underlying, sub-salt fault system, thus forming the upper part of a fault zone composed of: (i) a single, amalgamated fault system below the salt and (ii) a fault system composed of multiple soft-linked segments above the salt. Analysis of throw-distance (T-x) and throw-depth (T-z) plots for the supra-salt fault system, isopach maps of the associated growth strata and backstripping of intervening relay zones indicates that these faults rapidly established their lengths during the early stages of their slip history. The fault tips were then effectively ‘pinned’ and the faults accumulated displacement via predominantly downward propagation. We interpret that the October Fault Zone had the following evolutionary trend; (i) growth of the sub-salt fault system during the Oligocene-to-early Middle Miocene; (ii) cessation of activity on the sub-salt fault system during the Middle Miocene-to-?Early Pliocene; (iii) stretching of the sub- and supra-salt intervals during Pliocene regional extension, which resulted in mild reactivation of the sub-salt fault system and nucleation of the segmented supra-salt fault system, which at this time was geometrically decoupled from the sub-salt fault system; and (iv) Pliocene-to-Holocene growth of the supra-salt fault system by downwards vertical tip line propagation, which resulted in downward breaching of the salt and dip-linkage with the sub-salt fault system. The structure of the October Fault Zone and the rapid establishment of supra-salt fault lengths are compatible with the predictions of the coherent fault model, although we note that individual segments in the supra-salt array grew in accordance with the isolated fault model. Our study thereby indicates that both coherent and isolated fault models may be applicable to the growth of kilometre-scale, basin-bounding faults. Furthermore, we highlight the role that fault reactivation and dip-linkage in mechanically layered sequences can play in controlling the three-dimensional geometry of normal faults. 相似文献
137.
在对赛汉陶来地区19口石油及煤田钻井地层岩性组合特征分析的基础上,总结了中生代不同构造单元的地层分布特征、含煤层段岩性特征及煤岩物理化学特征。含煤层段岩性组合为沉火山碎屑岩或再搬运的沉火山岩、泥岩夹煤层,具有典型裂谷盆地沉积特征。该套地层横向分布稳定,不同构造单元之间可进行对比,单井平均可采煤层的厚度为4.77m。煤岩演化程度较低,为不粘煤。含煤层段沉火山角砾岩获得的锆石年龄为295.0Ma±1.3Ma~303.4Ma±2.8Ma,对应地层为上石炭统—下二叠统干泉组。银额盆地赛汉陶来地区石炭系—二叠系含煤地层的发现不仅指示了良好的煤炭资源前景,并且对石炭纪—二叠纪盆地构造演化、沉积体系,以及石炭系—二叠系沉积埋藏史等基础地质问题的研究具有重要意义。 相似文献
138.
Four sequence sets have been recognized in the Neoproterozoic basins along the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China. The first sequence set consists of the Baizhu and Hetong Formations (or their equivalents), which is absent or partially absent in the denudational areas of the Jiangnan Ridge division. It represents the beginning of the continental rifting. The second sequence set is made up of the Sanmenjie and Gongdong Formations (or their equivalents), and is characterised by widespread rift volcanism. The third sequence set is represented by the Chang'an Formation glacial deposits in the Hunan-Guangxi sub-basin, which is absent in land areas covered by continental ice sheets. The Nantuo tillites and subsequent carbonaceous and siliceous sediments (the Doushantuo and Dengying Formations) constitute the fourth sequence set in the study area, marking the end of the continental rifting. The first three sets have been interpreted as forming the rift-fill, and the last one the rift cover. This study is the first step towards a better understanding of the Neoproterozoic basin history in South China, and a more robust correlation with Neoproterozoic successions in other continents formed during the breakup of Rodinia. 相似文献
139.
再论华南(东)晋宁-加里东海盆地形成、演化及封闭 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
华南(东)晋宁-加里东海盆地形成于青白口纪,经历了晋宁期,加里东早期及加里东晚期3个演化阶段。海盆地基底为陆壳,形成于拉伸的裂谷环境,海盆地的封闭以陆内俯冲及拼贴为主,具多阶段性。海盆地基底,特别是华夏地块基底高热值属性导致了加里东海盆地有湘桂海盆地和赣闽粤海盆地2种类型,后者位于华夏基底之上,活动性明显,形成数条陆内动力热流变质带。 相似文献
140.
Decomposition and Evolution of Intracontinental Strike-Slip Faults in Eastern Tibetan Plateau 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Little attention had been paid to the intracontinental strike-slip faults of the Tibetan Plateau. Since the discovery of the Longriba fault using re-measured GPS data in 2003, an increasing amount of attention has been paid to this neglected fault. The local relief and transverse swath profile show that the Longriba fault is the boundary line that separates the high and flat tomography of the Tibet plateau from the high and precipitous tomography of Orogen. In addition, GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary line where the migratory direction of the Bayan Har block changed from eastward to southeastward. The GPS data shows that the Longriba fault is the boundary fault of the sub-blocks of the eastern Bayan Har block. We built three-dimensional models containing the Longriba fault and the middle segment of the Longmenshan fault, across the Bayan Har block and the Sichuan Basin. A nonlinear finite element method was used to simulate the fault behavior and the block deformation of the Eastern Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the low resistivity and low velocity layer acts as a detachment layer, which causes the overlying blocks to move southeastward. The detachment layer also controls the vertical and horizontal deformation of the rigid Bayan Har block and leads to accumulation strain on the edge of the layer where the Longmenshan thrust is located. After a sufficient amount of strain has been accumulated on the Longmenshan fault, a large earthquake occurs, such as the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. The strike slip activity of the Longriba fault, which is above the low resistivity and low velocity layer, partitions the lateral displacements of the Bayan Har block and adjusts the direction of motion of the Bayan Har block, from the eastward moving Ahba sub-block in the west to southeastward moving Longmenshan sub-block in the east. 相似文献