古地震学:活动断裂强震复发规律的研究

古地震学是活动构造学、地震地质学和构造地貌学相结合的一个分支学科,它以野外工作为基础,以史前地震的发生位置、时间及震级为研究目标,其核心是古地震事件变形的地层和地貌证据。古地震学通过运用沉积地层学、地貌学和构造地质学等研究中常用的方法和手段来识别第四纪沉积中保存的史前强震的证据并对其进行准确年代测定,弥补了历史地震和仪器记录短而大地震原地复发间隔长的局限,获得活动断裂上多次强震的时空重复特征,为评估未来地震发生概率提供基础数据。本文对古地震学的历史、研究前沿和发展趋势进行综述。首先介绍了古地震学的定义、世界和中国古地震研究的发展历史和古地震研究中的基本研究方法,重点对古地震研究的最新进展和前沿领域,如古地震探槽方法的更新、古地震事件识别证据的分级和不确定性量化评估、古地震数据对地震复发间隔和同震位移的重复规律等理论认识的贡献以及基于震害效应的古地震研究等方面的重要研究成果进行了回顾,最后对古地震研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望,认为未来古地震研究中应加强地震事件识别证据的不确定性量化方法应用,在新的测年方法上开展探索,尝试和完善虚拟现实场景下的古地震研究。在中国,尤其像华北这样历史地震文献资料较为丰富的地区,历史地震震害记录与古地震探槽开挖的结合可以拓展震例研究的丰富程度,拓宽研究思路和方法,促进对难点地区活动断裂的古地震和区域地震危险性评价工作。     

潞安矿区地震勘探资料精细解释分析

介绍近年来潞安矿区煤矿三维地震精细解释情况和解释方法。根据精细解释结果与原三维地震解释成果实例对比情况,说明三维地震精细解释的效果及必要性。随着煤矿开拓的进行,地震资料需要根据揭露情况进行方案的及时调整,及时的探采对比及实时解释将极大提高地震资料的解释精度及利用率,也有利于提高地震勘探解释人员的解释水平,为矿井生产提供高质量服务的同时,推动地震勘探的发展。     

Characteristics of gravity and magnetic fields and deep structural responses in the southern part of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge

The southern part of the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR) is located at the conjunction of the West Philippine Basin, the Parece Vela Basin, the Palau Basin, and the Caroline Basin. This area has extremely complex structures and is critical for the research on the tectonic evolution of marginal seas in the Western Pacific Ocean. However, only few studies have been completed on the southern part, and the geophysical fields and deep structures in this part are not well understood. Given this, this study finely depicts the characteristics of the gravity and magnetic anomalies and extracts information on deep structures in the southern part of the KPR based on the gravity and magnetic data obtained from the 11th expedition of the deep-sea geological survey of the Western Pacific Ocean conducted by the Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, China Geological Survey using the R/V Haiyangdizhi 6. Furthermore, with the data collected on the water depth, sediment thickness, and multichannel seismic transects as constraints, a 3D density model and Moho depths of the study area were obtained using 3D density inversion. The results are as follows. (1) The gravity and magnetic anomalies in the study area show distinct zoning and segmentation. In detail, the gravity and magnetic anomalies to the south of 11°N of the KPR transition from high-amplitude continuous linear positive anomalies into low-amplitude intermittent linear positive anomalies. In contrast, the gravity and magnetic anomalies to the north of 11°N of the KPR are discontinuous and show alternating positive and negative anomalies. These anomalies can be divided into four sections, of which the separation points correspond well to the locations of deep faults, thus, revealing different field-source attributes and tectonic genesis of the KPR. (2) The Moho depth in the basins in the study area is 6–12 km. The Moho depth in the southern part of KPR show segmentation. Specifically, the depth is 10–12 km to the north of 11°N, 12–14 km from 9.5°N to 11°N, 14–16 km from 8.5°N to 9.5°N, and 16–25 km in the Palau Islands. (3) The KPR is a remnant intra-oceanic arc with the oceanic-crust basement.which shows noticeably discontinuous from north to south in geological structure and is intersected by NEE-trending lithospheric-scale deep faults. With large and deep faults F3 and F1 (the Mindanao fault) as boundaries overall, the southern part of the KPR can be divided into three zones. In detail, the portion to the south of 8.5°N (F3) is a tectonically active zone, the KPR portion between 8.5°N and 11°N is a tectonically active transition zone, and the portion to the north of 11°N is a tectonically inactive zone. (4) The oceanic crust in the KPR is slightly thicker than that in the basins on both sides of the ridge, and it is inferred that the KPR formed from the thickening of the oceanic crust induced by the upwelling of deep magma in the process of rifting of remnant arcs during the Middle Oligocene. In addition, it is inferred that the thick oceanic crust under the Palau Islands is related to the constant upwelling of deep magma induced by the continuous northwestward subduction of the Caroline Plate toward the Palau Trench since the Late Oligocene. This study provides a scientific basis for systematically understanding the crustal attributes, deep structures, and evolution of the KPR.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.     

The research on division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence based on the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data

The stratigraphic division and correlation has important guiding significance to oil and gas field. This paper presents the application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to extract the “three instantaneous” attribute features of logging data (GR,AC) to perform the division and correlation of stratigraphic sequence, that is, the three properties of "instantaneous frequency", "instantaneous amplitude", "instantaneous phase" are extracted from logging data, which revealed the frequency characteristics of each depth of logging data and clearly reflected the structural characteristics of the frequency change. According to the oscillation anomalies of different attributes, we scale sequence boundaries, and use the variation characteristics of oscillation period of different frequency components attributes to scale the periodic characteristics of different scale sequence cycle, then use the “three instantaneous” attribute information for stratigraphic correlation, and for describing the internal features of formation. These attributes anomalies can be used to clearly find the different class interface of stratigraphic sequence, to achieve the sequence division at all levels, and under the control of sequence stratigraphic framework at all levels, we can do the isochronous stratigraphic correlation at all levels. The “three instantaneous” attribute extraction of logging data provides a new approach and idea for high resolution sequence stratigraphy analysis, and it has important significance for promoting the development of high-resolution sequence stratigraphy.     

地质图空间数据库自动检查系统的设计

地质图空间数据库数据量大, 内容复杂, 为了保证数据库的质量, 在地质图空间数据库的建立过程中, 对数据的全面系统检查工作是非常必要的。对于地质图空间数据库, 检查属性数据库的内容以及属性数据与空间图形数据的正确链接是难点之一, 也是一项最耗时的工作。为了科学、快速地检查地质图属性数据, 保证属性内容的正确性以及非空间数据与空间数据的正确对应, 针对这一问题, 在进行全国1:100万地质图空间数据库的检查时, 设计开发了属性数据库的自动检查系统。本文以近期完成的全国1:100万地质图空间数据库的检查系统设计研究为例, 主要介绍了地质图数据库属性数据自动检查系统的设计开发, 其中详细介绍了各模块可以实现的主要功能。通过此项检查, 能够提高入库数据的质量, 为数据库后期的应用与共享提供可靠保障, 从而为地质科学研究、矿产勘查及生态环境治理等提供科学的地质图数据资料。     

融合图论与密度思想的混合空间聚类方法

提出了一种融合图论与密度思想的空间聚类方法——HGDSC。该方法首先借助附加约束的Delau-nay三角网来建立空间实体之间的邻接关系,然后对基于密度的聚类方法进行改进,顾及空间邻近与非空间属性相似性进行聚类。特别地,该方法只需要一个输入参数。模拟数据和实际数据验证表明,HGDSC方法能够发现任意形状和密度变化的空间簇,并且可以很好地识别噪声点。     

基于GIS的林业数据库系统架构与实现

随着数字林业的发展,空间数据不断引入,增大了森林资源数据库的数据量,这给应用系统的运行效率带来了挑战。如何有效地组织数据,制定查询优化策略,已经成为森林资源数据库应用系统设计中的关键问题。本文以浙江省诸暨市林业资源为数据源,基于C#语言与ArcGIS Engine组件构建GIS桌面端数据库系统,建立了图形数据库和属性数...     

空间聚类方法的分类

目前,空间聚类的研究成果主要集中在点目标方面,现有的分类方法也主要针对点目标的聚类。随着空间聚类研究和应用的不断深入,线目标、面目标的空间聚类方法也逐渐被提出,因此本文从空间目标的维度、是否顾及非空间属性、算法思想等3个方面,探讨了空间聚类的分类方法,进而简要阐述每种空间聚类方法的典型算法。     

基于EPS下的1∶10000图的图库一体化成图

1∶10 000比例尺的局基本任务已由图面入库两套数据资料发展成为图库一体化的数据资料。在方便作业的同时,更加方便资料的储存及查询等工作。文章主要对于EPS平台下1∶10 000图的数据编辑、数据入库工作以及数据质检工作进行简单论述。     

红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)形态性状对体重的影响效果

采用通径分析方法,对红鳍东方鲀表型形态性状对体重的影响效果进行研究.结果表明,所测各表型性状与体重之间的相关系数均达到显著水平(P＜0.05)或极显著水平(P＜0.01);体周长1对体重的直接影响(0.533)最大,对体重的决定程度(28.41％)最高,是影响体重的主要因素;全长对体重的直接作用(0.369)较大,间接作用(0.259)最小;体高、尾柄高对体重的直接作用(0.228,0.145)相对较小,主要通过体周长1的间接作用(0.363,0.296)影响体重.所选表型性状对体重的复相关指数R2=0.950,表明所选性状是影响体重的主要性状.利用逐步回归分析方法建立以体周长1、体高、尾柄高为自变量估计体重的多元回归回归方程为:y =-2154.095+42.072x1+33.936x2+72.687x3+50.538x4.