平行路段模式识别与简化初探

道路网模式中的平行路段作为一种局部模式,其识别与简化是地图综合研究的重要内容。本文在分析平行路段产生的原因和常见形态后,给出一种利于简化的平行路段分类方法,并提出基于平头缓冲区搜寻备选平行路段进而利用平行性测度判断路段是否平行的方法。在此基础上,针对3类平行路段分别提出对应的几何化简与连通关系简化方法。实验结果表明,该识别与简化方法能够对路网模式中的平行路段进行有效地综合,具有一定的实用价值,对进一步研究具有参考价值。     

地貌及等高线表示的分解定理与表现定理

随着计算机制图和GIS的迅速发展，对于有着广泛应用的地貌形态特征问题，提出了进一步加以科学、系统、深入定量研究的迫切要求，以便获得更科学、合理的应用。作为一个系列研究的开始，首先要解决用2维空间的等高线表示3维空问地貌形态的科学性这一问题。为此，文中引入了地貌截影及截地貌的概念，通过地貌分解定理与表现定理的证明，以及等高线、地貌截影和截地貌三者之间的等价关系的论述，最终从数学上解决了上述基本问题，为今后的深入研究奠定了基础。     

南京三桥北主塔钢混结合段施工测量技术

南京三桥是我国首座采用钢塔柱的钢箱梁斜拉桥，本文以北主塔施工为例，介绍钢塔柱施工的关键工序一钢混结合段的施工测量技术。     

SmartMag定向中靶系统工业试验研究

SmartMag定向中靶系统由安装于钻头后部的磁信标、安装于靶井中的磁信号采集探管、地表接口箱和磁信号解析软件等组成,它通过测量磁信标在钻进过程中所产生的动态磁场,从而解析出钻头和靶点之间的相对位置参量,最终引导钻进进入靶区或避让靶区。介绍了SmartMag定向中靶系统在土耳其贝帕扎里天然碱矿采集卤钻井工程中的工业性入井试验的应用情况。该系统在前期研发中打下了良好的技术基础,因此在首次入井试验中就取得了一次中靶的良好效果。     

Bidirectional seismic performance of steel beam to circular tubular column connections with outer diaphragm

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the seismic behavior of H‐beam to circular tubular column connections stiffened by an outer ring diaphragm. An innovative three‐dimensional (3D) connection subassembly testing system was first described. Specimens representative of two‐dimensional (2D) interior columns, 3D interior and exterior columns in a steel building frame were then tested to failure under unidirectional or bidirectional cyclic loads. Various specimen parameters are used to evaluate their effects on connection behavior. Test results indicate significantly different failure modes for 2D and 3D weak panel connections, with panel shear buckling and local distortion of outer diaphragm occurring only for 3D connections. The weak beam connections unexceptionally exhibited final fracture at the junction between diaphragm and beam flange. In contrast with weak beam connections, weak panel connections demonstrated better seismic performance and ductility. As a result, a seismic design philosophy considering panel zone yielding before beam flexural yielding is proposed. Based on experiment observations, small diaphragm width and simplified fillet welding are found to be feasible especially for weak beam connections, improving architectural appearance and facilitating construction. Strength evaluations also suggest that current AIJ design provisions may be appropriate when applied to panel zones in 3D connections. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of anisotropic hydraulic conductivity using geophysical data in a coastal aquifer of Karnataka,India

Estimation of hydraulic parameters is essential to understand the interaction between groundwater flow and seawater intrusion. Though several studies have addressed hydraulic parameter estimation, based on pumping tests as well as geophysical methods, not many studies have addressed the problem with clayey formations being present. In this study, a methodology is proposed to estimate anisotropic hydraulic conductivity and porosity values for the coastal aquifer with unconsolidated formations. For this purpose, the one-dimensional resistivity of the aquifer and the groundwater conductivity data are used to estimate porosity at discrete points. The hydraulic conductivity values are estimated by its mutual dependence with porosity and petrophysical parameters. From these estimated values, the bilinear relationship between hydraulic conductivity and aquifer resistivity is established based on the clay content of the sampled formation. The methodology is applied on a coastal aquifer along with the coastal Karnataka, India, which has significant clayey formations embedded in unconsolidated rock. The estimation of hydraulic conductivity values from the established correlations has a correlation coefficient of 0.83 with pumping test data, indicating good reliability of the methodology. The established correlations also enable the estimation of horizontal hydraulic conductivity on two-dimensional resistivity sections, which was not addressed by earlier studies. The inventive approach of using the established bilinear correlations at one-dimensional to two-dimensional resistivity sections is verified by the comparison method. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity agrees with previous findings from inverse modelling. Additionally, this study provides critical insights into the estimation of vertical hydraulic conductivity and an equation is formulated which relates vertical hydraulic conductivity with horizontal. Based on the approach presented, the anisotropic hydraulic conductivity of any type aquifer with embedded clayey formations can be estimated. The anisotropic hydraulic conductivity has the potential to be used as an important input to the groundwater models.     

基于机载LiDAR数据的大型立交桥三维建模方法

大型立交桥是城市交通的重要组成部分,也是城市地区中最为复杂的地物之一。立交桥三维可视化建模是数字化城市建设的重要课题,然而其复杂的几何与拓扑结构导致许多传统的统一建模方法无法正确表达其特征,一些商业软件中的表达方法又过于抽象,无法提供直观的感受以及交互式的处理。本文提出一种基于机载LiDAR数据的大型立交桥建模方法。主要特点包括：1）采用了分割后建模的策略,提出了自动的立交桥结构分割方法,能够将复杂的交汇、分叉结构分割成多个结构简单的区段,为后续建模工作打下了重要基础;2）在轮廓中确立约束边,采用全约束三角网建模方法,建立了立交桥三维可视化模型;3）利用区段建模信息结合先验知识检测并恢复被遮挡的结构。实验结果表明,本文先分割后建模的思想在复杂结构立交桥的建模问题上可以取得令人满意的结果,全约束三角网建模的方法很好的保留了模型的三维特征,更重要的是可用于恢复被遮挡的结构,从而使得模型具有完整的三维结构。整个模型在地理位置,几何尺寸以及拓扑关系上均与实际地物保持一致,具备三维浏览以及交互式操作的条件。对模型质量和算法效率的分析进一步说明了本文方法的可行性、有效性。     

远震数据显示贝加尔裂谷带北穆伊斯克(Severomuysk)段地壳和上地幔的精细结构

通过贝加尔裂谷系统北穆伊斯克(Severomuysk)段的密集地震台站线性网络获得的远距离强震记录,并利用P波接收函数技术,揭示了地壳和上地幔顶部的复杂分层块状结构。横波速度的分布表明构成北穆伊斯克地壳的地块具有不同性质。这些地块的西部聚散和地壳下部的分层证实了该地区隆起的堆积-碰撞起源。位于西伯利亚克拉通变薄的倾斜边缘上的北穆伊斯克段解释了该地区地壳碰撞效应的强度。2015年地震的震中深度与Muyakan 凹陷地壳上部的明显速度差异存在令人信服的相关性。     

无建槽直井的定向中靶作业

传统的施工水平对接井的连通工艺多采用造腔溶通或压力式连通,由于其施工周期长、成本高等缺点正在被以精确连通仪器引导连通工艺所取代。以江苏淮安SY4井组为例,介绍了采用具有自主知识产权的“慧磁”钻进中靶导向系统,与一口没有建槽的直井进行定向中靶作业。由于存在直井井斜数据误差大、钻具磁化、溶腔半径极小等困难,进行了3次中靶作业后最终成功连通。     

地震沉积学在滨南浊积砂岩区的研究及应用

运用地震沉积学的理论,使用90°相位转换和地层切片等关键技术,结合钻测井资料,对滨南地区滨682井区古近纪沙河街组3个层序的砂体分布特征和沉积体系进行了精细研究。结果表明,该区东部和东南部浊积砂体较为发育。层序I早期浊积砂体分布面积较大,中期和晚期面积较小;层序Ⅱ早期和晚期浊积砂体分布范围较大,中期很小;层序Ⅲ主要分布在南部地区。证明该方法不但简单,而且减少了穿时问题,适合楔形沉积层序的分析研究。