陕西潼关地区太华群变质岩原岩性质的恢复

潼关地区太华群地层是一套以角闪岩相为主(局部达麻粒岩相)的中深变质岩系。本区太华群变质岩的主要岩石类型:斜长片麻岩类的原岩为中酸性火山岩(二长安山质、英安质凝灰岩);浅(变)粒岩类的原岩为中酸性火山岩(英安岩,流纹岩)一中酸性火山碎屑岩(二长安山质、英安质凝灰岩),并以后者为主,还有少量粘土质沉积岩或长石质杂砂岩;斜长角闪岩的原岩为基性火山岩—拉斑玄武岩。     

Methodology for groundwater recharge assessment in carbonate aquifers: application to pilot sites in southern Spain

Aquifer recharge can be determined by conventional methods such as hydrodynamic or hydrologic balance calculations, or numerical, hydrochemical or isotopic models. Such methods are usually developed with respect to detrital aquifers and are then used on carbonate aquifers without taking into consideration their hydrogeological particularities. Moreover, such methods are not always easy to apply, sometimes requiring data that are not available. Neither do they enable determination of the spatial distribution of the recharge. For eight regions in southern Spain, the APLIS method has been used to estimate the mean annual recharge in carbonate aquifers, expressed as a percentage of precipitation, based on the variables altitude, slope, lithology, infiltration landform, and soil type. The aquifers are representative of a broad range of climatic and geologic conditions. Maps of the above variables have been drawn for each aquifer, using a geographic information system; thus they can be superimposed to obtain the mean value and spatial distribution of the recharge. The recharge values for the eight aquifers are similar to those previously calculated by conventional methods and confirmed by discharge values, which corroborates the validity of the method.     

Fate of individual sewage disposal system wastewater within regolith in mountainous terrain

In order to improve understanding of the fate of septic tank or individual sewage disposal system (ISDS) effluent in regolith overlying fractured-rock aquifers, effluent from an ISDS in such a setting was tracked via geophysical, hydrological, and geochemical methods. Under typical precipitation conditions, the effluent entered the fractured bedrock within 5 m of the boundary of the constructed infiltration area. During a period of unusually high spring recharge, the plume migrated between 50 and 100 m within the regolith before infiltrating the fractured bedrock. The chemical signature of the effluent is similar to that required to account for the decline in water quality, suggesting a causative relationship (as estimated from mass-balance models of the surface-water chemistry near the mouth of the basin). The elevated salt content of the effluent during periods of high natural recharge to the infiltration area correlates with elevated salt concentrations in surface and groundwater at the basin scale, suggesting that some of the effluent salt load may be stored in the unsaturated zone during dry periods and flushed during periods of elevated natural recharge.     

Fuzzy logic modeling of the resistivity parameter and topography features for aquifer assessment in hydrogeological investigation of a crystalline basement complex

A linguistic fuzzy logic system (LFLS)-based expert system model has been developed for the assessment of aquifers for the location of productive water boreholes in a crystalline basement complex. The model design employed a multiple input/single output (MISO) approach with geoelectrical parameters and topographic features as input variables and control crisp value as the output. The application of the method to the data acquired in Khondalitic terrain, a basement complex in Vizianagaram District, south India, shows that potential groundwater resource zones that have control output values in the range 0.3295–0.3484 have a yield greater than 6,000 liters per hour (LPH). The range 0.3174–0.3226 gives a yield less than 4,000 LPH. The validation of the control crisp value using data acquired from Oban Massif, a basement complex in southeastern Nigeria, indicates a yield less than 3,000 LPH for control output values in the range 0.2938–0.3065. This validation corroborates the ability of control output values to predict a yield, thereby vindicating the applicability of linguistic fuzzy logic system in siting productive water boreholes in a basement complex.     

北祁连黑矿型和塞浦路斯型硫化物矿床容矿火山岩的物质来源与形成环境

文章以白银厂石英角斑岩和石居里富钠玄武岩为代表,对产于北祁连造山带的"黑矿型"和"塞浦路斯型"铜多金属块状硫化物矿床的容矿火山岩做了系统的常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素及锶、钕、铅同位素分析。结果表明,这2种火山岩均表现出俯冲带岩浆作用的特征。所不同的是,白银厂"黑矿型"块状硫化物矿床容矿火山岩形成于活动大陆边缘的陆缘弧环境;石居里"塞浦路斯型"硫化物铜矿床形成于大洋板块内部的洋生弧环境。与各自的形成环境相对应,白银厂的石英角斑岩来源于原生地幔在俯冲板片流体参与下的部分熔融,岩浆在上升侵位过程中有部分大陆地壳物质混入。石居里的富钠玄武岩同样也是产生于原生地幔在板片流体作用下的部分熔融,但没有遭受陆壳物质混染。     

花岗岩源岩问题——关于花岗岩研究的思考之四

花岗岩源岩是花岗岩研究中最令人关注的问题之一,许多花岗岩的地球化学性质和分类实际上反映的是花岗岩的源岩问题.花岗岩幔源、壳源和壳幔混合源的说法被证明是不合适的,花岗岩不可能是幔源的,花岗岩都是壳源的,既然没有了幔源,也就无所谓壳幔混合源,因此,壳源本身也失去了意义.流行的花岗岩源岩组分混合计算的方法缺少理论依据,可变的因素太多,计算的结果可能没有多少实际意义.作者指出,对花岗岩来说第1位重要的是源区特征,它决定了花岗岩的基本面貌;其次是部分熔融程度、压力、温度和挥发分加入的情况;岩浆混合的意义可能是第3位的;而结晶分离作用可能是没有地位的.文中按照Nd-Sr同位素比值将花岗岩大致分为3个源区:即B、C和BC源区.B源主要由洋壳组成,C源主要由陆壳组成,BC源是二者的过渡.BC源区的组成很复杂,可能包括由交代地幔部分熔融形成的中基性岩浆岩,也可能是基性岩混染了陆壳物质的产物.B源与BC源可能与地幔亏损程度有关,B源来自强烈亏损的地幔,一部分BC源可能源于大陆下的富集地幔.文中还概略地讨论了中国各地花岗岩复杂的源区情况,指出中国花岗岩具区域性分布的特点说明花岗岩主要受源岩的制约.     

皖东地区燕山期高镁中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及动力学意义

皖东地区中酸性侵入岩为一套石英闪长岩-石英二长闪长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩组合,主要属于高钾钙碱性岩系列,具有高Al2O3、Sr、Sr/Y、(La/Yb)N、富集LREE和LILE、亏损HREE和Y、Yb、Eu弱负异常—正异常、岩石高(87Sr/86Sr)i、低εNd(t)等特征。与中国东部多数埃达克质岩石相比,岩石具有较高的Mg#值和相容元素Cr、Ni含量。研究表明:(1)皖东地区中酸性侵入岩可能是拆沉的下地壳基性物质经部分熔融作用及岩浆在上升过程中与地幔橄榄岩相互反应的产物,石榴石作为残留相存在。(2)燕山早期皖东地区存在受特提斯构造域挤压构造控制的地壳加厚过程,早白垩世受太平洋构造域影响的郯庐断裂带大规模左行平移活动是触发下地壳拆沉的主要因素。皖东地区中酸性侵入岩是两大构造体制域发生转换的岩浆岩石记录。     

辽西凌源地区义县组火山岩锆石U—Pb年代学和地球化学特征

对辽西凌源地区义县组的1件流纹岩样品进行锆石U—Pb年代学研究,获得的年龄为（124．4±1．4）Ma,与前人对辽西北票、义县、凌源等地区通过K—Ar、Ar—Ar、U—Pb等定年方法获得的义县组年龄基本一致,时代为早白垩世。7件典型火山岩样品的地球化学研究结果表明,该火山岩的SiO2=65．6％-73．4％,MgO=0．35％～1．23％,Mg^#=16～41,Al2O3=13．40％～16．79％,Na2O=3．54％-4．26％。Sr=（445～774）×10^-6,Yb=（0．51-0．97）×10^-6,V=（7～14）×10^-6,Sr／Y=49-66,LaN／YbN=33-48,高Sr和Sr／Y比值,低Y和Yb,轻重稀土元素分异明显,显示出埃达克岩的地球化学特征,但其Mg^#较低。它们可能是加厚的基性下地壳部分熔融的产物。     

大陆岩石圈对扩张机制的响应——辽蒙地质走廊中—新生代火山活动的时空分布

选择以辽西为中心,近东西向延伸800km的辽蒙地质走廊为研究区,通过年代学研究,确认130Ma以来的中、新生代火山活动对称分布的时空格局具有“中间老、两侧新”的特点,而且随着时间的推移,软流圈来源的岩浆向东西两侧侧向流动,岩浆来源不断加深。在此基础上提出“软流圈底辟体上涌和水平侧向流动”的模式。     

西秦岭月照 琵琶寺地区火山岩地球化学特征及地质意义

月照琵琶寺地区的变质火山岩出露于甘肃武都县境内,夹在泥盆系和前震旦碧口群地层之间。按地球化学分类,火山岩可划分为双峰式和碱性两个系列。双峰式火山岩系由低K富Na拉斑玄武岩和酸性英安岩、流纹岩组成。该玄武岩具有类似MORB的微量元素特征,平坦的稀土配分模式,但富Th贫Nb显示其受到陆壳混染的影响。该套火山岩总体特征指示其为大陆裂谷向成熟洋盆转化阶段的产物,从而推测本区火山岩可能为勉略古洋盆西延的分支产物。