萨瓦甫齐铀矿床层间氧化带地球化学特征

萨瓦甫齐铀矿床不同地段层间氧化带的氧化还原程度是不同的。利用诸如w（Fe3＋）/w（Fe2＋）、w（Ra）/w（U）和有机炭等地球化学参数探讨了萨瓦甫齐铀矿床层间氧化带的地球化学特征,即矿床西南部层间氧化带氧化程度较弱,表现为全硫（∑S）、总铁（TFe）和矿石的铀质量分数低;而矿床中部及东北部层间氧化带氧化程度较强,尤其以东北部突出,它们的全硫、总铁和矿石的铀质量分数均高。铀矿化强弱明显与层间氧化带的氧化还原程度有关,层间氧化带的氧化程度越强,铀矿化则愈强;反之,则弱。     

Assessing non-steady-state erosion processes using paired 10Be–26Al in southeastern Tibet

Quantifying erosion rates over various spatial and temporal scales across the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding mountains is crucial to understanding the topographic evolution of the orogen. In this work, we report a new dataset of ¹⁰Be-derived basin-wide erosion rates from the main tributaries and streams draining the eastern Himalayan syntaxis. The 22 basin-wide erosion rates ranged from 78 ± 7 m Myear⁻¹ to 3,490 ± 612 m Myear⁻¹ across the study area. ²⁶Al was contemporarily measured to evaluate the impact of sediment storage and non-steady-state erosion processes in the syntaxis region. The paired study of ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al reveals that several samples violated the steady-state erosion assumption and were compatible with the scenario of perturbation of reworked sediments or deeply sourced materials introduced by landslides. For most samples, deep-sourced materials with higher ²⁶Al/¹⁰Be ratios were no longer perturbing the ¹⁰Be signals in river sediments. It is possible that the deep-sourced materials had been wiped out of the basins before the collection of samples in this work. However, the perturbation of reworked sediments was observed over a range of basin scales, limiting the use of a single sediment sample as a representative erosion product for upstream basins. Compared with tectonically stable regions, the incorporation of reworked fluvial sediments, deeply sourced materials or sub-glacial eroded materials into sampled sediments led to the decoupling between basin-wide erosion rates and topographic or climatic indices. Caution should be taken when deriving erosion rates from rapidly eroding regions with old, deeply buried sediments such as the eastern Himalayan syntaxis, where calculated erosion rates may be highly overestimated.     

Secondary Fe and Al in Antarctic paleosols: Correlation to Mars with prospect for the presence of life

Middle-Miocene age paleosols in the Antarctic Dry Valleys were studied for their compositional variation and concentrations of secondary oxides/coatings in <2 mm matrix material in tills. The paleosols date to between 10-18 Ma by ¹⁰Be, forming prior to and just following the transition from warm-based to cold-based ice, when the climate is thought to have entered a prolonged cold/dry period in which soil moisture would have been frozen most of the year. The progression of release of secondary oxides of Fe and Al shows variable percentages of individual oxihydrites relative to chemical element totals, and thus, to consume total Fe and Al would require tens of millions of additional years. The slow progression of Fe_d/Fe_t, used as a measure of relative age in other warmer alpine and Arctic climates, is shown here to amount to <15 percent of the total Fe available for weathering. Ferrihydrite variability in paleosols, often used to indicate the presence of fluctuating/perched ground water tables, suggests that liquid water may have accumulated in mid-profile in some instances, perhaps during periods when the climate was somewhat warmer for several weeks during the summer. Variable Fe and Al ratios and arithmetic functions argue for extremely slow but sustainable release of oxides in a cold, polar desert climate, in which temperatures prohibit the formation of clay minerals. The secondary mineral species present likely amount to residue from past climates that were more conducive to clay mineral genesis and aerosolic input over time. The presence of microbial life in Antarctic paleosols, with minor amounts of Fe available for physiological processes to function, argues for the potential existence of microorganisms in ice-enriched paleosols of Mars, particularly given its watery and dynamic geologic past and relatively high concentration of total Fe in subaerial paleosols. The distribution of Fe over a large part of the northern plains of Mars as determined by the GRS instrument is invoked as a comparison with the Antarctic.     

高庄矿己组煤层厚度变化规律及成因分析

高庄煤矿己组煤层厚度变化较大，已发现的十几个薄煤区组成三个薄煤带，呈北西向延伸；薄煤带与厚煤带有规律的相间排列。煤层厚度的这种变化，是由于新第三纪末期发生的由西南向东北方向的挤压为主的应力，使煤系地层沿倾向向北东方向滑动造成的。     

不同温度下铝牺牲阳极合金元素对工作电位影响的灰箱分析

目前，城市用水中约80%是工业用水，而工业用水中约80%是工业冷却水。为节约淡水，人们试图利用海水代替淡水做工业冷却水。但在海水冷却系统中，换热器的出口及其后续部分的钢铁设施由于海水温度较高(一般在50℃左右，有的还大于55℃)，腐蚀现象相当严重，解决该部位的腐蚀防护问题是直接利用海水代替淡水做工业冷却水中不可缺少的一个环节。牺牲阳极是防止海水中钢铁设备腐蚀的一种行之有效的方法，但常用的几种牺牲阳极在该温度下不能适用。因此，找出牺牲阳极性能在不同温度下的变化规律，对研制能在高温下使用的牺牲阳极有着重要的理论和实际意义。 工作电位是牺牲阳极一项重要的性能指标。牺牲阳极只有具备了足够负的工作电位，才能在实际应用中保持足够的驱动电压(朱相荣等，1999；火时中，1988)，达到长期使用的目的。有关文献报道了牺牲阳极添加元素对工作电位的影响(朱承德等，1997；Gurrappa1997；张信义等，1996)，但哪些元素对阳极工作电位的影响更大些，元素对工作电位的影响是否有一定的规律，却均无报道。本文作者根据以上文献选择元素，自制了28种铝基牺牲阳极，并按国标GB4948-85的方法进行实验，用灰箱分析的数学方法对得到的数据进行分析，所得结果对研制高温海水中如何应用牺牲阳极有一定的指导作用。     

高锰铝青铜焊缝在3.5%NaCl溶液中的空蚀行为

利用磁致伸缩空蚀实验装置对高锰铝青铜焊缝在质量分数为3．5％NaCl水溶液中的空蚀行为进行了研究。结果表明，焊接金属的抗空蚀性能明显高于母材，焊缝金属的空蚀累积失重及失重率均约为母材的1／4。SEM空蚀形貌分析表明，母材的空蚀破坏比焊缝金属严重得多，导致空蚀破坏的裂纹萌生于晶界。     

断块油藏储量计算中夹层的识别与剔除

岩性夹层和物性夹层在陆相沉积中非常普遍，通过岩性和物性特征识别取心井夹层，根据不同夹层的测井响应特征识别非取心井的夹层，并按照一定的标准剔除，能更加合理地确定有效厚度，精细表征油藏地质特征，取得客观的储量数据。     

The Effects of Applying the Association of Al, K, and Sn in Stream Sediments for Gold Exploration in Different Landscapes

Geochemical data of altered wall rocks are important for the metallogenic prognosis of hydrothermal gold deposits. Indicator elements of altered wall rocks such as K, Al, As, Sb, and Hg have been successfully used to assess gold anomalies in lithogeochemical survey. However, such researches have rarely been done in stream sediment survey for the exploration of gold from various landscapes. On the basis of the geochemical analysis of altered wall rocks of gold deposits in the cold desert areas of Gansu (甘肃) Province in Northwest China, it is found that the combination of Al, K, and Sn could serve as an important indicator of hydrothermal gold deposits and can be used to evaluate the metallogenic prospective of gold anomalies in stream sediments. More studies performed in the cold grassland areas and the moderate-low relief mountainous areas showed that, both weak and strong geochemical anomalies can be extracted, if strictly abiding by the ways of calculation and addition of the binary values of the indicator elements with equal weight, and this provides the sound delineation of metallogenic perspective areas.     

湖南洞庭湖地区红土的元素地球化学特征及其指示意义

红土作为一种热带、亚热带地区广泛分布的松散岩类,其蕴含的气候环境变化信息和养分状况使得对其研究具有重要的理论和实际意义。在对洞庭湖区红土地层年代学研究的基础上,详细讨论了红土中元素的分布特征及控制因素,认为第四纪红土的地球化学特征反映了区域气候环境、流域物源特征和红土化作用强度的变化,对生态地球化学环境恢复有重要意义。     

Sources, distribution and composition of the suspended sediments, Kuwait Bay, Northern Arabian Gulf

Qualitative and quantitative assessment of suspended sediment levels and transport pathways in Kuwait's northern territorial waters are described, with special reference to Kuwait Bay. Near-surface water samples were collected from 12 stations, covering the whole of the embayment. Suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) were derived. Heavy metal concentrations, mineralogical composition and grain size constituents were derived for the suspended sediments retained on the filter papers.The distribution pattern of the suspended sediments indicates the possibility of tidal current activity, dust fallout contribution and to a lesser extent, the effect of the Shatt Al-Arab (especially in northeastern Kuwait Bay). The distribution of various types of sediments and the variations of their textural, compositional and concentrations are controlled largely by the hydrodynamic conditions, nature of sediments.The results demonstrate clearly the potential impact of the Gulf War as manifested by the increase of SSC in 1992, compared to 1989/1990. Such an input may be attributed also to drainage processes from the Iraqi marshes. More studies are required to understand the environmental impacts of the suspended matter and the associated pollutants.