基坑潜水疏干的简化计算在昊华水泥厂中的应用

以流线、流面、汇点的概念为基础,对稳定流双井干扰和直线隔水边界附近涌水量理论公式进行对比分析,提出了二个虚拟界面,其中虚拟界面Ⅰ,运用流线、流面的性质,流线方程等给出证明;虚拟界面Ⅱ则通过半无限条形降落漏斗的分析,应用元流和总流的能量方程得到流量为零,流线为零的平面。在同样条件下,条形无限涌水量是半无限潜含水层涌水量的二倍。应用总流能量方程对三种情况水头损失的分析,解释了这种关系存在的合理性,得出虚拟界面Ⅱ,并以此得出该界面内的最大残余水头计算公式。将基坑降水运用虚拟界面简化为扇形,条形半无限含水层,从而实现单井预测,该方法应用到昊华水泥厂基坑降水中,预测效果理想。     

On solving Kepler's equation for nearly parabolic orbits

We deal here with the efficient starting points for Kepler's equation in the special case of nearly parabolic orbits. Our approach provides with very simple formulas that allow calculating these points on a scientific vest-pocket calculator. Moreover, srtarting with these points in the Newton's method we can calculate a root of Kepler's equation with an accuracy greater than 0.001 in 0–2 iterations. This accuracy holds for the true anomaly || 135° and |e – 1| 0.01. We explain the reason for this effect also.Dedicated to the memory of Professor G.N. Duboshin (1903–1986).     

Extension of the solution of Kepler's equation to high eccentricities

The classic Lagrange's expansion of the solutionE(e, M) of Kepler's equation in powers of eccentricity is extended to highly eccentric orbits, 0.6627 ... <e<1. The solutionE(e, M) is developed in powers of (e–e*), wheree* is a fixed value of the eccentricity. The coefficients of the expansion are given in terms of the derivatives of the Bessel functionsJ _n (ne). The expansion is convergent for values of the eccentricity such that |e–e*|<(e*), where the radius of convergence (e*) is a positive real number, which is calculated numerically.     

勘查油气田化探新方法——土壤相态烃测量法

烃气测量是油气化探最主要的方法。目前应用的烃气测量方法有两类:一类是测量土壤中游离烃气如K—V指纹法、吸附丝法、物上气法及直接取土壤气测量法等。此类方法由于需特殊设备及壤气测量方法本身固有的缺陷,目前还未得到普遍应用,另一类为土壤吸附烃气法即国内外目前普遍使用的酸解烃气法、此法在多数油气田上取得好效果,但也有相当多的地区如黄土、荒漠及水网发育等特殊景观区效果不好或不显著。本文介绍一种新的烃气测量法──土壤相态烃测量法。这是用一种特殊的技术,只选择性提取由油气藏渗漏过程中保存在运移通道围岩及近地表土壤各种次生矿物结构中以"穴居"态存在的轻烃组分。"穴居"态烃为累积性的指标,不受外界温度、修水等的影响,保存较牢固,测定结果稳定。相态烃法避免了酸解烃法存在的生物成因烃、矿物同生烃及碳酸盐的干扰影响,提高了测量指标的信噪比,突出了应有的异常。本方法已在黄土厚覆盖区两个已知油气田和一个风成沙覆盖的断裂发育油田上试验获得成功,结果表明相态烃法优于酸解烃法。     

Direct shear tests on Mexico City clay with reference to friction pile behaviour

Summary This paper presents results of static and cyclic direct shear tests performed on undisturbed and remoulded samples of Mexico City clays, including results of soil-on-interface tests. Experiments show that the static adhesion coefficient depends on the soils' liquidity index and that it diminishes due to the effect of repeated dynamic loads. Dynamic overstrength effects were not apparent, as has been observed when testing this clay in other apparatus. Interface strength in remoulded clays is initially less than half the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials but it increases with time. At least in the materials tested in this research, it did not equal the strength of interfaces with undisturbed materials. Correction factors derived from experimental data can be used to modify the adhesion coefficient to account for dynamic and remoulding effects.     

On the periodic solutions of a particular Lame equation

We consider the Hill's equation: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGGipm0dc9vqaqpepu0xbbG8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaWaaSaaaeaaca% WGKbWaaWbaaSqabeaacaaIYaaaaOGaeqOVdGhabaGaamizaiaadsha% daahaaWcbeqaaiaaikdaaaaaaOGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacaWGTbGaai% ikaiaad2gacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaiykaaqaaiaaikdaaaGaam4qamaa% CaaaleqabaGaaGOmaaaakiaacIcacaWG0bGaaiykaiabe67a4jabg2% da9iaaicdaaaa!4973!\[\frac{{d^2 \xi }}{{dt^2 }} + \frac{{m(m + 1)}}{2}C^2 (t)\xi = 0\]Where C(t) = Cn (t, {frbuilt|1/2}) is the elliptic function of Jacobi and m a given real number. It is a particular case of theame equation. By the change of variable from t to defined by: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGGipm0dc9vqaqpepu0xbbG8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaqcaawaaOWaaiqaaq% aabeqaamaalaaajaaybaGaamizaGGaaiab-z6agbqaaiaadsgacaWG% 0baaaiabg2da9OWaaOaaaKaaGfaacaGGOaqcKbaG-laaigdajaaycq% GHsislkmaaleaajeaybaGaaGymaaqaaiaaikdaaaqcaaMaaeiiaiaa% bohacaqGPbGaaeOBaOWaaWbaaKqaGfqabaGaaeOmaaaajaaycqWFMo% GrcqWFPaqkaKqaGfqaaaqcaawaaiab-z6agjab-HcaOiab-bdaWiab% -LcaPiab-1da9iab-bdaWaaakiaawUhaaaaa!51F5!\[\left\{ \begin{array}{l}\frac{{d\Phi }}{{dt}} = \sqrt {(1 - {\textstyle{1 \over 2}}{\rm{ sin}}^{\rm{2}} \Phi )} \\\Phi (0) = 0 \\\end{array} \right.\]it is transformed to the Ince equation: (1 + · cos(2)) y + b · sin(2) · y + (c + d · cos(2)) y = 0 where % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafeart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr% 4rNCHbGeaGGipm0dc9vqaqpepu0xbbG8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9% vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x% fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaqcaawaaiaadggacq% GH9aqpcqGHsislcaWGIbGaeyypa0JcdaWcgaqaaiaaigdaaeaacaaI% ZaGaaiilaiaabccacaWGJbGaeyypa0Jaamizaiabg2da9aaacaqGGa% WaaSaaaKaaGfaacaWGTbGaaiikaiaad2gacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaiyk% aaqaaiaaiodaaaaaaa!4777!\[a = - b = {1 \mathord{\left/{\vphantom {1 {3,{\rm{ }}c = d = }}} \right.\kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {3,{\rm{ }}c = d = }}{\rm{ }}\frac{{m(m + 1)}}{3}\]In the neighbourhood of the poles, we give the expression of the solutions.The periodic solutions of the Equation (1) correspond to the periodic solutions of the Equation (3). Magnus and Winkler give us a theory of their existence. By comparing these results to those of our study in the case of the Hill's equation, we can find the development in Fourier series of periodic solutions in function of the variable and deduce the development of solutions of (1) in function of C(t).     

Trace gas exchange at the air/water interface: Measurements of mass accommodation coefficients

A liquid jet of 90 m diameter and variable length has been utilized to determine absorption rates and, hence, mass accommodation coefficients , of atmospheric trace gases. The compounds investigated are HCl (0.01), HNO₃ (0.01), N₂O₅ (0.005), peroxyacetyl nitrate (>0.001), and HONO (0.005). It is concluded that the absorption of these trace gases by liquid atmospheric water is not significantly retarded by interfacial mass transport. The strengths and limitations of the liquid jet technique for measuring mass accommodation coefficients are explored.     

Large eddy simulation of hydrocyclone—prediction of air-core diameter and shape

Hydrocyclones are widely used in the mining and chemical industries. An attempt has been made in this study, to develop a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model, which is capable of predicting the flow patterns inside the hydrocyclone, including accurate prediction of flow split as well as the size of the air-core. The flow velocities and air-core diameters are predicted by DRSM (differential Reynolds stress model) and LES (large eddy simulations) models were compared to experimental results. The predicted water splits and air-core diameter with LES and RSM turbulence models along with VOF (volume of fluid) model for the air phase, through the outlets for various inlet pressures were also analyzed. The LES turbulence model led to an improved turbulence field prediction and thereby to more accurate prediction of pressure and velocity fields. This improvement was distinctive for the axial profile of pressure, indicating that air-core development is principally a transport effect rather than a pressure effect.     

Early diagenesis of nurtrients （C, N, P and Si） stored in sediments of two reservoirs in southwestern China

Damming is a common anthropogenic intervention along the course of rivers, which is defined as ＂artificial-lake effect＂, both in China and across the world. Today as many as 48000 dams and/or reservoirs are in operation in the Changjiang River （Yangtze River） drainage area, and more are being constructed. While damming is well known to affect riverbome nutrient loads, and thus the riverine ecosystems owing to removal of carbon fixation, and removal of particles in reservoir sediments, there is limited information on the detailed early diagenesis of sediments in reservoirs including the regeneration processes of nutrients deposited in sediments and exchange flux across the sediment-water interface, which is important for mass balance of riverbome nutrients. In the present study, two large-size reservoirs, Wujiangdu Reservoir （WJDR） and Dongfeng Reservoir （DFR）, located on the main steam of the Wujiang River and with uniformity hydrography and discrepancy biogeochemical activity （e. g. primary production）, were selected for a comparative study on the detailed processes of nutrient regeneration. Water, pore water and sediment were sampled from these two reservoirs and dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, NH4^＋, NO3^-, PO4^3-, dissolved silica （DSi） in the overlying water and pore water, and total organic matter in sediments were determined. The results of correlation analysis suggested that in these two reservoirs, processes of nutrient regeneration near the sediment-water interface were significantly different. As a result of rapid decomposition of algae-derived ＂labile＂ organic matter in upper sediments, nutrient regeneration processes and upward fluxes in WJDR are dramatically stronger than those of DFR. NH4^＋ upward flux from sediment in WJDR was about 17 times higher than that in DFR. PO4^3- flux in WJDR is about 13 times above that in DFR. DOC flux in WJDR is larger that in DFR by 5 times, and DSi by 1 time.     

Mais comment s'écoule donc un glacier ? Aperçu historique

Ice and snow have often helped physicists understand the world. On the contrary it has taken them a very long time to understand the flow of the glaciers. Naturalists only began to take an interest in glaciers at the beginning of the 19th century during the last phase of glacier advances. When the glacier flow from the upslope direction became obvious, it was then necessary to understand how it flowed. It was only in 1840, the year of the Antarctica ice sheet discovery by Dumont d'Urville, that two books laid the basis for the future field of glaciology: one by Agassiz on the ice age and glaciers, the other one by canon Rendu on glacier theory. During the 19th century, ice flow theories, adopted by most of the leading scientists, were based on melting/refreezing processes. Even though the word ‘fluid’ was first used in 1773 to describe ice, more the 130 years would have to go by before the laws of fluid mechanics were applied to ice. Even now, the parameter of Glen's law, which is used by glaciologists to model ice deformation, can take a very wide range of values, so that no unique ice flow law has yet been defined. To cite this article: F. Rémy, L. Testut, C. R. Geoscience 338 (2006).