Preparation by enzymolysis and bioactivity of iron complex of fish protein hydrolysate （Fe-FPH）from low value fish

Preparation of Fe^2＋ chelate of fish protein hydrolysate （Fe-FPH） obtained from low value fish proteins was introduced and its bioactivity was studied by compound enzymolysis. The optimum conditions for hydrolysate chelating Fe^2＋ are DH （degree of hydrolysis） at 5%, pH 7.0, 20℃ and 15 min chelating time for FM （material not being defatted）. Four types of Fe-FPH including CA （deposit after chelating）, CB （deposit in 50% of absolute ethanol solution）, CC （suspended deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution）, and CD （bottom deposit in 80% of absolute ethanol solution） were fractionated with absolute ethanol from FM. Structural analysis through infra-red spectrum revealed that Fe^2＋ was combined strongly with amino-group and carboxyl-group in each chelate and each Fe^2＋ could form two five-member ring structures. All of the four chelates were shown more significant antioxidative activity and can be used as natural hydrophobic and hydrophilic antioxidant. Among all the chelates, the CB possesses the most effective antioxidative activity at 92% as high as that of a-tocopherol. Among all Fe-FPHs, only CD showed the most effective antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Bacillus subtilis and can be used as natural antibacterial. It provides a more effective way for utilization of low value fish proteins and key information of Fe-FPH as additive in food industry.     

化学物质诱导变态后紫贻贝稚贝的生长及存活

在以往实验的基础上,跟踪调查了筛选出的化学诱导物质对紫贻贝(Mytilus edulis)幼虫变态后的生长和成活率的影响,并比较了其与相同条件下自然诱导物、微生物膜诱导后的稚贝的生长和成活率.实验结果表明,肾上腺素、苯肾上腺素、可乐宁、KCI和NH_4Cl 5种化学物质均成功地诱导了该种幼虫的变态,其变态后稚贝同微生物诱导变态后的稚贝以相同的速度生长,且在培育过程中无死亡稚贝出现.因此,这些化学物质可作为该种养殖以及海洋防污染研究中幼虫变态的有效人工诱导物.     

复式河道滩地植物对水流紊动结构影响的试验研究

利用室内变坡水槽,精细模拟了复式河道滩地不同植物对漫滩水流的干扰作用,并借助声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)观测了不同垂线、不同测点的瞬时流速,计算了水质点三维相对紊动强度,分析了其变化特征,探讨了滩地不同种类植物对水流内部结构的影响。试验发现,滩地植物改变了复式河道水流内部结构,导致植物带内近床面处各个方向水流相对紊动强度明显减弱,横向因植物丛内阻力和流速变化引起的滩区壅水导致横比降增加,主槽相对紊动强度显著增强;植物淹没条件下水流相对紊动强度沿水深的分布明显存在转折点,此位置可以认为是滩地植物对水流影响的“第二边界”。     

缺陷化学在新材料研究中的作用

简述了缺陷的类型及其在新材料制备中的作用,通过实例分析固溶体和非化学计量化合物缺陷对材料物理化学性能的影响,阐明缺陷化学是一种研究新型功能材料的有力手段,根据新材料的发展趋势分析了缺陷化学可能取得的重大突破及新的研究热点。     

Reservoir geochemistry of the Tazhong Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, China, Part II. Migration, accumulation and mixing of crude oils

Measurements of the absolute and relative concentrations of nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils from different reservoir strata (Ordovician, Silurian and Carboniferous) in the Tazhong region of the Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China, showed that even though there are quite a number of factors affecting the distributional and compositional characteristics of neutral nitrogen-containing compounds in crude oils, the distributional and compositional characteristics of crude oils whose source conditions are approximate to one another are influenced mainly by the migration and fractionation effects in the process of formation of oil reservoirs. In addition, crude oils in the Tazhong region show obvious migration-fractionation effects in the vertical direction. Carboniferous crude oils are characterized by high migration parameters and low compound concentrations, just in contrast to Ordovician crude oils. This indicates that crude oils from shallow-level oil reservoirs were derived from those of deep-level oil reservoirs via faults, unconformable contact or carrier beds. Crude oils from the Tazhong region show some migration-fractionation effects in the lateral direction, but mixing of crude oils derived from different hydrocarbon source rocks in the process of formation of oil reservoirs made it more complicated the migration and accumulation of crude oils, as well as the formation of oil reservoirs.     

银川平原土壤盐渍化与中低产田遥感应用研究

土壤盐渍化是影响农业生产与生态环境的一个重要因素。长期以来,宁夏银川平原的次生土壤盐渍化问题十分突出,形成了许多盐渍型中低产田,影响和制约了区域农业的可持续发展。主要采用遥感解译方法提取了银川平原土壤盐渍化的分类与分布的现状信息。在此基础上,依据中低产田的分类标准,将相关的耕地类型、土壤肥力、作物产量、灌排水指标等因子转化成数字化专题图层,采用多源信息复合分类的方法,通过“综合分析,主导因子判定”实现了GIS辅助下的中低产田分类,为遥感和地理信息系统技术在土壤盐渍化和中低产田调查研究中的应用,探索出了一条可行的途径。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田延长组油砂中不同赋存状态烃的地球化学特征

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田三叠系延长组6个油砂样品中游离烃、封闭烃、碳酸盐胶结物烃、束缚烃和石英颗粒包裹体烃的分步分离和抽提，并对每类烃的不同馏分进行GC—MS分析，结果表明，研究区烃类来自同一类型的烃源岩，烃类形成于开阔水体条件下还原的淡水湖相环境，烃类的母质类型来源于Ⅰ—Ⅱ型干酪根，主要是细菌和藻类，也有一定量的陆生高等植物的输入。C29甾烷20S／(20S 20R)和ββ／(αα ββ)的比值，显示从包裹体烃、束缚烃到游离烃，其成熟度逐渐增强，反映了油气从烃源岩进入储层成藏的先后差异。     

粉喷桩处理高速公路桥头软基试验研究--以京珠高速公路广珠东线某试验段为例

通过在京珠高速公路广珠东线某试验段进行的系统室内配合比试验、工程桩大型无侧限抗压试验、现场天然地基、粉喷桩复合地基、粉喷桩单桩载荷试验和现场沉降观测,分析了粉喷桩的掺入比与桩体强度增长关系、处理的效果,探讨了粉喷桩处理软土地基的掺入比、强度增长、沉降量减少等机理问题,表明粉喷桩是一种处理桥头过渡段软基的有效方法。     

江西银山火山岩型铜、金多金属矿床成矿特点

江西银山铜、金多金属矿床的矿化紧紧围绕多个中心呈有规律地分布,成矿物质既由岩浆从地壳深部带来,又部分来自基底围岩;成矿作用既受燕山期火山机构控制,也受基底构造控制;矿化具有多个中心复合叠加分带的特点,是一个典型的地洼型多因复成矿床。     

滇西南昌宁—孟连带三叠纪牡音河组硅质岩地球化学特征及沉积环境

滇西南昌宁—孟连带牡音河组硅质岩已进行了较好的生物地层学和沉积学研究, 表明为中三叠世深水盆地沉积, 但对其沉积构造背景存在不同的认识. 本文尝试用分子有机地球化学方法, 并辅以无机地球化学的手段, 研究牡音河组硅质岩的物源环境, 分析沉积区构造背景. 研究结果表明硅质岩中正构烷烃碳数分布范围较宽C₁₄—C₃₆, 且具双峰型分布模式, 说明其有机质为陆生高等植物和水生生物混合来源; 萜类和甾类化合物特征说明研究区有机质来源总体上以水生生物为主, 同时有不同程度陆生高等植物混入. 牡音河组硅质岩Σw (REE) 为83.56 × 10-6 124.1 × 10-6, w (Ce)/w (Ce) 在0.760.99之间变化, w (La)_n/w (Yb)_n在0.771.98之间, 说明该盆地明显受陆源区物质影响. 另外, 该硅质岩的w (La)_n/w (Ce)_n和w (Al₂O₃)/w (Al₂O₃+Fe₂O₃) 图解及w (MnO)/w (TiO₂) 比值也说明牡音河组硅质岩沉积过程中受到大陆作用. 两方面的特征互相印证, 说明研究区中三叠世为受陆地强烈作用的深水局限盆地. 这项研究还说明, 分子有机地球化学方法能够为硅质岩沉积环境的探讨提供更多的物源和环境信息.