多窗口集成交互设计系统在输电线路路径优化中的研究与应用

针对输电线路设计的特点提出了一种基于计算机技术和全数字摄影测量技术的路线交互设计思想及实现途径,利用多视窗技术,借助数字高程模型的有力支撑,实现了将输电线路的立体影像、正射影像、平断面排位、3维漫游集成于同一界面下的不同窗口中对比显示并进行交互设计。     

浅谈基于粗纠正影像源进行1∶10000 DLG生产“内外业一体化”工艺流程

为了减少外业工作量,利用航空摄影测量进行基础地理信息采集是最有效手段之一,国内外推出了一系列数字摄影测量的软件和系统.本文结合GEOWAY DPS/IS及VirtuoZo AAT(PATB)两种软件的生产实践,探讨了基于粗纠正影像源进行1∶10000数字线划图(DLG)生产“内外业一体化”的工艺流程.本文对以后采用此种方法成图具有一定的指导作用.     

Advancing process‐based watershed hydrological research using near‐surface geophysics: a vision for,and review of,electrical and magnetic geophysical methods

We want to develop a dialogue between geophysicists and hydrologists interested in synergistically advancing process based watershed research. We identify recent advances in geophysical instrumentation, and provide a vision for the use of electrical and magnetic geophysical instrumentation in watershed scale hydrology. The focus of the paper is to identify instrumentation that could significantly advance this vision for geophysics and hydrology during the next 3–5 years. We acknowledge that this is one of a number of possible ways forward and seek only to offer a relatively narrow and achievable vision. The vision focuses on the measurement of geological structure and identification of flow paths using electrical and magnetic methods. The paper identifies instruments, provides examples of their use, and describes how synergy between measurement and modelling could be achieved. Of specific interest are the airborne systems that can cover large areas and are appropriate for watershed studies. Although airborne geophysics has been around for some time, only in the last few years have systems designed exclusively for hydrological applications begun to emerge. These systems, such as airborne electromagnetic (EM) and transient electromagnetic (TEM), could revolutionize hydrogeological interpretations. Our vision centers on developing nested and cross scale electrical and magnetic measurements that can be used to construct a three‐dimensional (3D) electrical or magnetic model of the subsurface in watersheds. The methodological framework assumes a ‘top down’ approach using airborne methods to identify the large scale, dominant architecture of the subsurface. We recognize that the integration of geophysical measurement methods, and data, into watershed process characterization and modelling can only be achieved through dialogue. Especially, through the development of partnerships between geophysicists and hydrologists, partnerships that explore how the application of geophysics can answer critical hydrological science questions, and conversely provide an understanding of the limitations of geophysical measurements and interpretation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Economics of climate change: risk and responsibility by world region

The impacts of predicted climate change will not be distributed evenly around the world. As post-Kyoto negotiations unfold, relating the geographical distribution of projected impacts to responsibility for emissions among world regions is essential for achieving an equitable path forward. This article surveys the current knowledge of regional climate consequences, and delves into the regional predictions of economic assessment models to date, examining how the uncertainties, assumptions and ethical dimensions influence the portrayal of risk at this scale. The few studies that quantitatively compared regional risk and responsibility are reviewed, and the analytical framework from one such study is applied to the 2006 Stern Review's projections to give the first regional comparison to take purchasing power and welfare considerations into account. Synthesizing burden and blame in this way is informative for policy makers; the world's most vulnerable communities—in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Latin America, and small island states—accounted for less than 33% of global greenhouse gas emissions over the period 1961–2000, but may experience more than 75% of the ensuing climate damages this century. This analysis reinforces the call for industrialized nations to lead mitigation efforts, and to do so decisively and swiftly.     

地球物理技术在页岩气勘探开发中的应用和前景

我国页岩气勘探开发技术还处于探索阶段,对页岩气的研究主要集中在页岩气的成藏模式、地质特征等方面。针对地球物理技术在页岩气勘探和开发中所能发挥的作用及页岩气勘探和开发对地球物理方法提出的新要求,简述了我国页岩气资源分布及美国页岩气的勘探开发情况;从页岩气资源评价参数出发,系统地阐述了地球物理方法在页岩气勘探和开发中能解决的一些问题;提出了针对页岩气的地球物理方法的发展建议。     

基于开源GIS构建矿区物探资料二维可视化软件

国外优秀的综合物探资料处理解释软件一个共同优点是面向用户提供一个功能强大、界面友好、可视化强的数据管理模块。笔者在分析了Winglink、Emigma、Geosoft等软件中数据管理模块的优缺点基础上,从解剖、仿制的角度出发,提出了以开源GIS平台为核心的快速构建综合物探资料二维可视化管理模块的技术方案,并详细阐述了其相关功能模块的技术原理和实现过程。实际应用效果表明,本技术方案是可行的,且具有低成本、高效率、低技术难度、开放性强的优点。     

内蒙古古朔根乌拉地区金属矿成矿规律及矿产预测

通过古朔根乌拉地区1/5万矿调项目实施,共圈定1/5化探综合异常27个,新发现矿点两处,矿化点9处,矿种有金、铜、钼、银、铅、锌.通过对研究区成矿地质条件、1/5万化探综合异常特征、矿(化)点特征及分布等信息进行研究,阐明了该区成矿的时空分布规律和矿产的共生组合规律,划分成矿远景区4个,提交找矿靶区4个.对其中两处找矿靶区进行钻探验证,海勒斯特沟金锑多金属找矿靶区具有形成与岩浆活动关系密切的中-低温热液型金锑多金属矿的潜力,博和铜金多金属找矿靶区具有形成与中酸性侵入岩及后期岩脉有关的岩浆热液型-接触交代型铜多金属矿的潜力.     

层析成像新算法及其在工程检测上的应用

基于走时和振幅的层析成像反演涉及大型稀疏矩阵方程的求解,当矩阵严重病态时,目前流行的正交分解型迭代算法难以取得良好的成像效果．本文介绍一种改进的ＬＳｑＲ算法,即带阻尼的ＬＳｑＲ迭代算法,它应用在北京机场高速公路桥墩施工质量检测中,取得了良好的效果．     

综合物探调查评价深圳市地下水资源

在深圳市地下水资源调查评价工作中,综合物探技术所起的作用和取得的成果.     

矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果

回顾了矿山地震监测的简史,介绍了近期矿震监测技术改造情况．抚顺小孔径矿山地震台网的监测取得了比较完整的观测资料．矿震定位结果表明了矿震与开采进程的相关性．用岩石断裂力学和损伤理论的研究成果对于两类不同矿震的成因给出了最新解释．观测资料证实了矿震与瓦斯溢出的相关性．这些结果表明．在一定条件下．矿震可能成为瓦斯溢出的预警信号．由此证明,实现矿震与瓦斯浓度的联合监测是重要的,也是可行的．矿山地质灾害的综合地球物理监测对于地震成因的研究具有重要的中尺度实验意义,同时对于煤矿安全生产也将带来重要效益．