河北省张家口市崇礼区储雪试验的先期评估

气候变暖导致的滑雪场营业时间变短和造雪成本升高、大型体育赛事用雪缺乏保障等问题日益突出,储雪是解决这些问题的有效措施之一.然而目前基于高效隔热结构和新材料的场地储雪技术研究稀缺,无法满足日益增长的滑雪赛事与娱乐需求.为筛选储雪的最优技术方案,基于不同的隔热材料和隔热结构,在河北省张家口市崇礼区万龙滑雪场设置了四个建造成...     

Numerical simulation of vibrational response characteristics of railway subgrades with insulation boards

This study presents a numerical method based on the surface temperature data and the ground temperature increase in Daqing for predicting temperature field distribution in the Binzhou Railway subgrade and analyzing the temporal and spatial distribution of freeze?thaw status of railway subgrade.The calibrated numerical method is applied to simulate the temperature field distribution and roadbed vibrational response of the railway subgrade with a thermal insulation layer at different seasons.The results show the following:(1)The thermal insulation layer can remarkably increase the soil temperature below it and maximum frost depth in the subgrade.(2)Thermal insulation can effectively reduce the subgrade vibration and protect it from frost damage.(3)Given that the strength requirements are met,the insulation layer should be buried as shallow as possible to effectively reduce the subgrade vibration response.The research findings provide theoretical support for the frost damage prevention of railway subgrades in seasonally frozen regions.     

基于CBS的带保温层压力管道在线检测装置研制

本文针对我国石油化工行业带保温层压力管道在线检测的难题,基于CBS的技术原理,研制开发了一种带保温层压力管道在线检测装置,技术性能指标为:检测管道直径范围不限;保温层厚度≤145mm;钢材料管壁厚度≤40mm;精度为1.0mm.文中简要阐述了该检测装置的基本原理、具体结构设计,给出了外置铝皮带保温层40mm厚管道内表面双孔、单孔平面扫描实验的实验结果,实验结果表明用该装置对实际管道的检测结果是非常精确的,误差在允许的范围之内.     

海底天然气水合物取样器冷却技术研究现状

天然气水合物是一种潜力巨大的替代性能源,其可以稳定地存在于一定的低温高压条件之下。在天然气水合物钻探作业中,冷却保温技术是天然气水合物钻探的关键技术之一。低温可以抑制天然气水合物分解,这对获取水合物样品有着十分重要的作用。本文首先概述了海底天然气水合物取样器保温冷却技术研究现状,并对取样器冷却保温技术进行深入的调查研究和分析。然后对日本的PTCS取样器中的冷却保温技术和国内具有冷却保温功能的取样器进行了详细介绍,并对相关技术进行分析和总结,最后对海底天然气水合物取样器冷却保温技术的发展做了总结与展望。     

季节性寒区隧道温度场数值分析

为解决寒区隧道冻害问题,以祁连山某隧道为依托,采用ANSYS对铺设保温层与主动辅热相结合的隧道温度场进行了数值模拟,研究了保温层对隧道衬砌的保温效果以及安装电伴热系统后隧道的温度场分布规律,确定了电伴热系统的开启与关闭时间及正常运行功率。结果表明：围岩最大冻深月份比外界大气的最冷时间推迟一个月左右;在隧道大约运行5 a之后,保温层的保温效果开始衰退,围岩重新出现负温状态;安装电伴热系统能彻底解决寒区隧道运营期间的冻害问题,最佳发热功率为125 W·m^-2,持续加热时间为80 d,年消耗电能为10 000 W·d·m^-2,数值模拟结果与理论计算结果吻合良好。研究成果可为寒区隧道的保温防冻提供理论依据,并可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

现代岭南建筑的设计方向

岭南建筑是中国建筑艺术的一朵奇葩,有着鲜明的特点和丰富的内涵。文章首先论述岭南地区的气候特征及传统岭南建筑的设计经验,接着探讨现代岭南建筑的主要特征及设计手法,最后通过建筑实例,进一步明确现代岭南建筑今后的设计方向。     

输水管道系统气体特性与水流冲击截留气团研究

通过试验与理论相结合的方法,对输水管道系统气体特性与水流冲击截留气团进行了研究.研究表明,决定气团主要性质的气体多方指数n在输水管道系统发生水力过渡过程时存在较为显著的变化,并非单一常数,从而提出了相应的四过程:即压缩子过程1、膨胀子过程2、膨胀子过程3和压缩子过程4.在压缩子过程4与膨胀子过程2中,气体多方指数n取值为1.4~1.6;而在压缩子过程1与膨胀子过程3中,气体多方指数n取1.15.气体多方指数n的取值对压力水流冲击截留气团的结果有一定影响,n值越小,水流冲击截留气团的压力越大;反之越小.     

保温材料在青藏铁路路基工程中应用的数值分析

In many cases, preventing permafrost from further thaw due to human activities might be the first choice for embankment design in permafrost regions. 2-D finite element analysis was conducted in this paper, in which phase change was taken into consideration to simulate the thermal regime of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway with Expandable Polystyrene (EPS). Based on the predicted maximum thaw depth in the following 50 year, the best position for insulation was presented and the relationship between the thickness of insulation and the height of embankment was analyzed. Besides, the applicable range of insulation in embankment engineering of the Qinghai-Tibetan Railway in terms of Mean Annual Air Temperature (MAAT) was suggested and the influence of geothermal field of permafrost on the applicable range of the insulation was discussed.     

Temperature monitoring of the XPS board insulated subgrade along the newly constructed Gonghe-Yushu Highway in permafrost regions

On the basis of on-site measured data of the newly constructed Gonghe-Yushu Highway in a permafrost region, this paper analyzed thermal conditions of the subgrade with XPS insulated board according to different selected monitoring sections in various locations. We also summarized the geothermal distribution and change rules of subgrade with XPS insulation board under the asphalt pavement in summarized a high temperature frozen soil region. It is suggested that the shoulder of subgrade with XPS insulation board be widen to a reasonable width so as to keep the subgrade stable.     

海洋天然气水合物探测及取样钻具研制

在海洋天然气水合物资源调查评价过程中,通常先采用地球物理方法来探测海底拟反射层（BSR）,然后根据BSR的位置来判断水合物的分布范围和埋藏深度。但在钻井取样过程中发现BSR并不能完全准确地反映水合物的埋藏深度,为此项目组研发了一种绳索打捞式的组合钻具,在钻井过程中不仅能够使用随钻测量钻具探测地层电阻率来确定地层是否有水合物,而且还能通过绳索打捞方式更换取样钻具,完成水合物地层的取样。通过设计、试制和室内测试,验证了水合物探测及取样钻具方案是可行的,为后续的野外试验奠定了基础。