遥感图谱认知理论与计算

近年来,随着对地观测技术的迅猛发展,卫星遥感领域逐渐进入了大数据时代。针对当前遥感应用的需求和特点,开展与视觉认知相结合的高分辨率遥感认知理论与方法研究是可行且必要的。在此背景下,受地学信息图谱思想启发,本文对遥感认知领域的图谱问题进行了研究,系统地提出了遥感图谱认知理论与计算方法论,旨在规范高分辨率遥感信息提取流程,构建精细化、定量化、智能化、综合化相结合的遥感信息解译模型。整套方法体系由横向“自底向上的分层抽象”和纵向“自顶向下的知识迁移”2个方向上的认知计算组成,分别对应了“由谱聚图”、“图谱协同”和“认图知谱”3大图谱转化过程。论文对涉及的概念、基本思想、关键技术及难点问题进行了重点分析,强调综合利用大数据、逐步融入知识来实现不同层次的遥感认知,以期为数据源极大丰富条件下的遥感信息解译提供新的视角。     

An object-based conceptual framework and computational method for representing and analyzing coastal morphological changes

This article presents an object-based conceptual framework and numerical algorithms for representing and analyzing coastal morphological and volumetric changes based on repeat airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) surveys. This method identifies and delineates individual zones of erosion and deposition as discrete objects. The explicit object representation of erosion and deposition zones is consistent with the perception and cognition of human analysts and geomorphologists. The extracted objects provide ontological and epistemological foundation to localize, represent, and interpret erosion and deposition patches for better coastal resource management and erosion control. The discrete objects are much better information carriers than the grid cells in the field-based representation of source data. A set of spatial and volumetric attributes are derived to characterize and quantify location, area, shape, orientation, depth, volume, and other properties of erosion and deposition objects. Compared with the conventional cell-by-cell differencing approaches, our object-based method gives a concise and high-level representation of information and knowledge about coastal morphological dynamics. The derived attributes enable the discrimination of true morphological changes from artifacts caused by data noise and processing errors. Furthermore, the concise object representation of erosion and deposition zones facilitates overlay analysis in conjunction with other GIS data layers for understanding the causes and impacts of morphological and volumetric changes. We have implemented a software tool for our object-based morphological analysis, which will be freely available for the public. An example is used to demonstrate the utility and effectiveness of this new method.     

长春国土C级GPS网数据处理与精度分析

从长春国土C级GPS网的数据进行分析,通过高精度GAMIT软件进行解算,为了确定在严格基准下的控制网地心坐标,将控制网纳入到ITRF参考框架中,加上了ITRF参考框架中测站坐标已知的全球站数据一起处理,将吉林省CORS站与IGS跟踪站进行联测,获得控制网某点的瞬时坐标。最后,对整个控制网的精度进行了详细的分析。     

瞬时频率属性在沉积相研究中的应用-以白音查干凹陷西部腾格尔组为例

利用白音查干地区的测井、录井及地震资料。通过定性、定量两种手段进行瞬时频率与岩性的相关性分析,认为瞬时频率能够较好的区分砂泥岩。当砂岩百分比小于0.12时,瞬时频率属性为低频;当砂岩百分比为0.16～0.33时,瞬时频率为高频。通过瞬时频率切片与沉积相平面展布图对比分析发现,不同相类型的砂体在瞬时频率切片中具有明显不同的特征,辫状河三角洲砂体表现为沿物源方向延伸的枝状或朵状中高频区,滩砂表现为不规则滩状的高频区,坝砂在盆地边缘呈高频带状分布。此外,瞬时频率还可以进行物源分析、三角洲朵叶体识别和扇体叠置识别,是进行沉积体系、砂体展布和储层预测等方面研究的重要手段。     

利用地震属性分析沉积环境的误区:以辽河盆地滩海东部凹陷东二段为例

为了解辽河盆地滩海地区东二段沉积相类型,通过现代河流沉积调研以及岩心、测井、地震相综合分析,结果证明:滩海地区东二段沉积相类型主要以滨浅湖-滩坝相为主,而非地震属性图所反映的河流相沉积,地震属性解释存在误区。古沉积环境解释最重要的因素就是如何理解"保存"的概念。河流在自身演化过程中迁移、改道时常发生,在漫长的地质时间内,难以保存一个完整的河道。沉积环境分析中,应当遵循从岩心相—测井相—地震相的分析过程,而不是单纯依据地震属性直接进行沉积相研究。     

瞬时单位线法在浙江省应用的几个问题研究

纳希瞬时单位线在浙江省地区得到应用,为了使该方法适用于该地区,需要对其中的模型参数和非线性外延控制两个问题进行研究。通过对瞬时单位线法中n和K参数作用的研究分析,结合浙江省地区的实际情况,研究出按照流域面积大小分级取用n值的关系;同时通过对浙江省地区实际水雨情进行计算分析,得出临界雨强控制在30～40mm/h在浙江省地区是合理的。该成果为纳希瞬时单位线在浙江省地区的使用提供了参考依据。     

一种界址表和界址点坐标成果表的自动生成方法

界址表和界址点坐标成果表是地籍测绘资料制作过程中经常要绘制的表格,然而很多测绘单位没有专门的软件来绘制,在平时的作图中,都是手工操作,效率低下且容易出错.本文阐述了在AutoCAD平台下,如何应用VBA根据宗地图中界址点、界址线以及宗地的扩展属性自动生成界址表和界址点坐标成果表.程序已在Windows XP和AutoC...     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的地震瞬时属性提取方法及应用(英文)

希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)是一种新的适合非平稳和非线性信号的分析方法,由于地震信号一般呈现出非平稳与非线性特性,因此HHT非常适合地震信号的分析。本文首先介绍了HHT中关于经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)的实现过程,在此基础上分析了几种基于EMD获得本征模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMF)来计算瞬时频率的算法,其中利用了两个采样间隔瞬时频率的平均来计算瞬时频率,较好地反映了地震信号频率成分随时间变化的特征。将该方法应用于四川东北部某地区海相碳酸盐岩地层三维地震叠后偏移数据处理,提取"三瞬"地震属性,与传统的希尔伯特变换提取的"三瞬"地震属性进行对比,结果表明基于HHT的"三瞬"地震属性结果具有更高的分辨率,IMF2的瞬时相位能够较好地刻画台地边缘生物礁相,IMF2的瞬时频率亦具有较好的分带性。将IMF2的"三瞬"地震属性与钻井等资料结合分析,能够更好地识别沉积相的分布。     

Towards quantitative evaluation of gas injection using time‐lapse seismic data

Of particular concern in the monitoring of gas injection for the purposes of storage, disposal or improved oil recovery is the exact spatial distribution of the gas volumes in the subsurface. In principle this requirement is addressed by the use of 4D seismic data, although it is recognized that the seismic response still largely provides a qualitative estimate of moved subsurface fluids. Exact quantitative evaluation of fluid distributions and associated saturations remains a challenge to be solved. Here, an attempt has been made to produce mapped quantitative estimates of the gas volume injected into a clastic reservoir. Despite good results using three accurately repeated seismic surveys, time‐delay and amplitude attributes reveal fine‐scale differences though large‐scale agreement in the estimated fluid movement. These differences indicate disparities in the nature of the two attributes themselves, which can be explained by several possible causes. Of most impact are the effects of processing and migration, wave interference effects and noise from non‐repeatability of the seismic surveys. This subject highlights the need for a more careful consideration in 4D acquisition, amplitude processing and use of true amplitude preserving attributes in quantitative interpretation.     

利用地震属性解释煤层冲刷带

把地震属性技术和地震相分析技术应用于煤层冲刷带的解释工作中。首先从煤层反射波中提取了多种地震属性;然后分析对比地震属性与煤层冲刷带的响应特征;最后利用响应特征明显的地震属性对煤层冲刷带进行了综合解释,确定了煤层冲刷带的范围。与传统钻探解释方法相比,地震属性方法能够更准确地圈定煤层冲刷带的边界。