汶川地震损失快速评估

本文根据历史震害统计资料并结合前人研究,给出了四川、陕西、甘肃三省不同结构类型住宅的震害矩阵;结合汶川地震烈度图和三省的社会经济统计数据,包括人口、人均住房面积、不同结构住宅比例等,进行震后损失快速评估,得出四川、陕西、甘肃三省县级地理单元的住宅破坏情况、无家可归人数、住宅经济损失等评估数据,为抗震救灾提供决策依据。评估结果显示,如果按总体损失指标（经济损失或无家可归人数）,江油、三台、安县、都江堰市、绵竹市、中江县是损失最严重的六个县;如果按照人均损失指标（人均经济损失或每万人无家可归人数）,北川、安县、汶川、平武、绵竹、青川等是受灾最严重的六个县。通过比较县级地理单元的损失情况,作者认为在这次地震中,人均损失指标比总体损失指标更能代表一个地区受灾的严重程度,用总体损失指标来评估一个地区的因灾损失程度,用人均损失指标来评价一个地区的受灾程度。本文最后给出了考虑地震烈度空间分布异性的震后损失快速评估技术流程。     

江西省主要城市地下水系统防污性能分析评价

本文简单介绍了江西省主要城市自然和水文地质概况,采用DRASTIC方法对11个城市的地下水系统防污性能进行了分析评价。认为：全省11个主要城市地下水系统防污性能大部分为好-较好。地下水系统防污性能好-较好的面积大于70％的城市有鹰潭、抚州和萍乡．60％～70％的有景德镇、赣州、南昌、吉安和上饶,29％～38％的有新余和宜春,九江仅10．66％。讨论了地下水系统防污性能与城市规划建设的关系,并提出了相关建议。     

A Survey of Techniques for Predicting Earthquake Ground Motions for Engineering Purposes

Over the past four or five decades many advances have been made in earthquake ground-motion prediction and a variety of procedures have been proposed. Some of these procedures are based on explicit physical models of the earthquake source, travel-path and recording site while others lack a strong physical basis and seek only to replicate observations. In addition, there are a number of hybrid methods that seek to combine benefits of different approaches. The various techniques proposed have their adherents and some of them are extensively used to estimate ground motions for engineering design purposes and in seismic hazard research. These methods all have their own advantages and limitations that are not often discussed by their proponents. The purposes of this article are to: summarise existing methods and the most important references, provide a family tree showing the connections between different methods and, most importantly, to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

An information-fusion method to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity for improving the accuracy of estimation

While spatial autocorrelation is used in spatial sampling survey to improve the precision of the feature’s estimate of a certain population at area units, spatial heterogeneity as the stratification frame in survey also often have a considerable effect upon the precision. Under the context of increasingly enriched spatiotemporal data, this paper suggests an information-fusion method to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity, which can be used as an informative stratification for improving the estimation accuracy. Data mining is major analysis components in our method: multivariate statistics, association analysis, decision tree and rough set are used in data filter, identification of contributing factors, and examination of relationship; classification and clustering are used to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity using the auxiliary variables relevant to the goal and thus to stratify the samples. These methods are illustrated and examined in the case study of the cultivable land survey in Shandong Province in China. Different from many stratification schemes which just uses the goal variable to stratify which is too simplified, information from multiple sources can be fused to identify pattern of spatial heterogeneity, thus stratifying samples at geographical units as an informative polygon map, and thereby to increase the precision of estimates in sampling survey, as demonstrated in our case research.     

生态地球化学:从调查实践到应用理论的系统工程

生态地球化学是以多目标区域地球化学调查为基础,以生态地球化学评价、生态地球化学评估、生态地球化学预警和生态地球化学修复为主体的系统工程。文章系统地介绍了我国近年来生态地球化学研究成果,对长江流域河流生态系统、山西农田生态系统,北京城市生态系统,鄱阳湖、洞庭湖、太湖等湖泊湿地生态系统的区域生态地球化学评价进展进行了归纳总结。文章从区域尺度上综述了土壤碳库,土壤元素基准值和土壤背景值,土壤污染等级划分等基础研究方面的进展。面向未来,指出了生态地球化学发展趋势,提出生态地球化学研究需要进一步延伸和发展的领域。     

三江源地区土壤侵蚀特点

三江源地区地域辽阔,土壤侵蚀复杂多样.近年来土壤侵蚀加剧,生态环境严重退化.以2000年土壤侵蚀调查的数据成果为基数.并与更新后的2005年数据成果比较,进行土壤侵蚀动态变化分析.对三江源地区不同类型土壤侵蚀区的土壤侵蚀现状做了较全面的分区评价.同时对作为典型区域的黄河源头区12个县的2000年1:10万Landsat 5 TIM假彩色合成影像,通过野外调查建它解译标志来分析该区植被覆盖状况,对该区典型区域的土壤侵蚀现状做了定量评价.根据评价结果,对三江源地区土壤侵蚀的发展趋势做了预测.     

The integrated risk assessment and zoning of meteorological disaster in Heilongjiang Province of China

This paper describes studies on the integrated risk assessment and zoning of meteorological disaster in Heilongjiang Province,in northeastern China,by using information-diffusion theory and cluster method with 35 years of summer temperature and precipitation data from 74 meteorological stations from 1971 through 2005.The information-diffusion theory has been used extensively in risk assessment,yet almost no one has done research about risk assessment by information-diffusion theory based on meteorological disaster standards.Some research results are as follows:the risk probability of low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is higher than that in the southern region;the risk probability of general low temperature and cold damage in the southwestern region is the highest;the risk probability of serious low temperature and cold damage in the northern region is the highest,followed by the central and southeast region;the high-risk region of arid disaster in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located in the southwestern,central,and southern parts of the province;the high-intensity arid disaster was located in the south-eastern region;the high-risk region of flood in Heilongjiang Province was primarily located from the southwest and then across the central part to the western part of Heilongjiang Province;the high-intensity flood disasters were located in almost every part of Heilongjiang Province.We can conclude from the integrated meteorological disaster risk zoning that the high-risk region of mete-orological disaster is primarily located in the southern and northern part of the province,the moderate-risk region is distributed in the central southern region and western region,the low-risk region is located in the eastern part,and the light-risk region is located in the central western part of Heilongjiang Province.     

Emergency Seismic Damage Assessment of the M_S8.0 Great Wenchuan Earthquake Based on Remote Sensing Imagery

The fast processing, seismic damage data extraction and loss evaluation from RS imagery acquired immediately after a destructive earthquake occurs, are important means for compen-sating the insufficiency of seismic damage information from ground-based investigations and provide an important basis for emergency command and rescue. The paper introduces the method of emergency seismic damage assessment using remote sensing data and its application to the great Wenchuan earthquake of magnitude 8.0 occurring in southwest Sichuan Province on May 12, 2008. The practical effectiveness of the method is also evaluated in the paper.     

Fast assessment of earthquake loss and its application to the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake

The paper introduces firstly the seismic loss assessment method based on macro-economic indicators and new vulnerability models determined by the data from the on-site damage and loss survey to earthquakes occurred in China during the last two decades.The fast assessment for the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake with MS8.0 is given based on an empirical intensity attenuation relationship.Compared with the assessment based on the practical seismic intensity map of the event according to the on-site investigation, the...