中国海及大陆架沉积物标准物质系列评介

自20世纪90年代末以来,在有关国家专项的支持下,中国先后研制了分别取自黄海、东海和南海的共9个大陆架沉积物地球化学标准物质,基本构成了一个比较有代表性的中国海及大陆架沉积物标准物质系列,为中国海洋国土及专属经济区调查研究工作提供了有力技术支撑.本文简介了这些标准的研制背景、概况,着重评介了这些标准物质的特点,特别说明了该标准物质系列在海洋地质调查与研究中应用及在地质分析技术发展上的意义.     

基于CORS系统的哈尔滨市1:1000DLG项目一期工程数学精度评定

哈尔滨市1∶1 000数字线划图项目是在哈尔滨市新建CORS系统下通过内业立体采集、外业调绘补测、内业编辑、数字成图完成。本文阐述了利用CORS站测量出的1∶1 000数字线划图的精度检测方案,并通过实测数据分析,得出精度评定。     

On The Potential of Local Political Projects: A Response To Lake,Martin, and Wilson

Gentrification in the form of "neighborhood revitalization" is increasingly touted as one way of decreasing the social exclusion of residents of poor inner-city neighborhoods and of increasing levels of social mix and social interaction between different classes and ethnic groups. Yet the gentrification literature also suggests that the process may lead to increased social conflict, displacement of poorer residents to lower quality housing elsewhere, and, ultimately, social polarization. Much of this hinges on whether gentrifying neighborhoods can remain socially mixed, and whether neighborhood compositional changes result in more or less of a polarized class and ethnic structure. However, the impact of revitalization and gentrification on levels of social mix, income polarization, or ethnic diversity within neighborhoods remains unclear and under-explored. This study addresses this gap by examining the relationship between the timing of gentrification, changes in the income structure, and shifts in immigrant concentration and ethnic diversity, using census tract data for each decade from 1971 to 2001 in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. This research demonstrates that gentrification is followed by declining, rather than improving, levels of social mix, ethnic diversity, and immigrant concentration within affected neighborhoods. At the same time, gentrification is implicated in the growth of neighborhood income polarization and inequality.     

The Fate of Inner Suburbs: Evidence From Metropolitan Baltimore

This paper analyzes the transformation of Baltimore's inner suburbs from 1980 to 2000. After developing a geographic definition of inner suburbs, we then spatially analyze them using census place-level data. The analysis shows evidence of socioeconomic decline in Baltimore's inner suburbs, but the extent of this decline varies among these suburbs. Since 1980, many declining inner suburbs had difficulty attracting new residents, White flight was the prevailing trend, and the housing stock was outdated relative to the outer suburbs. The analysis suggests three major influences on decline among the inner suburbs of Baltimore: labor market restructuring, the nature of the local housing market, and income and racial segregation. This paper concludes with a classification of Baltimore's inner suburbs based on our understanding of the processes of suburban decline in the region.     

Climatic Versus Tectonic Control on Storm Cyclicity in Mesoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India

The 1.2 Ga-old Koldaha shale, central India reveals three orders of depositional cyclicities in its basal storm-dominated shelf succession. Visual appraisal as well as Fourier and MEM analyses concurs in this respect. Only the major storm events at intervals of a few thousands of years have left recognizable imprints. Interbedding of storm sandstones and fairweather shales is apparently climate-controlled. Packaging of about seven such climatic cycles results the second-order cyclicity befitting eccentricity cycles of contemporary scale. Nonetheless, for the erratic storm bed-thickness trends within the cycles some other factor/s might have played a role. The third order cycles are, more dominantly, correlatable with basinal tectonics.     

手持GPS定位精度与误差的研究

分别探讨在绝对定位和相对定位两种模式下手持式GPS定位的稳定性,得出合理的观测时间长。通过不同时长的观测数据的对比分析给出：实时定位与长时间定位观测值之差在1m之内。手持GPS绝对定位的准确度即测量的结果与其真实位置符合程度非常高,能够控制在亚米级的范围之内。在卫星个数较多的情况下,实时定位的精度也能控制在亚米级的范围之内。利用单点定位系统误差改正模型,消除或减弱某些误差后能得到更高的精度,使得单点定位精度达到半米之内甚至更高。     

东海内陆架EC2005孔沉积物粒度分形特征

对位于浙-闽沿岸泥质带的EC2005孔沉积物粒度分形特征以及与平均粒径和分选系数的关系进行了探讨.EC2005孔沉积物粒度在累积含量5%～95%的无标度区间内,统计自相似程度高,具有分形特征.沉积物平均粒径与分维值既存在正相关,也有负相关关系.二者正、负相关关系的分界点表现为平均粒径7.0φ左右,＜7.0φ时,平均粒径...     

Composition and daytime vertical distribution of the ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Central Cantabrian Sea shelf, during summer: An Eulerian study

During summer, wind driven coastal upwelling dominates in the Central Cantabrian Sea (southern Bay of Biscay). Nevertheless, atmospheric forcing is highly variable and wind pulses may cause noticeable and fast hydrographic responses in the shelf region. In this paper, the composition and vertical distribution of the summer ichthyoplankton assemblage during the daytime at a fixed station, located on the Central Cantabrian Sea shelf, are documented. Also, the impact of a short-time scale hydrographic event on the abundance and structure of the larval fish assemblage is examined. Significant small-scale temporal hydrographic variability was observed. Currents showed changes in speed and direction and significant changes in thermocline depth were also observed. A total of 34 taxa of fish larvae were identified. Engraulis encrasicolus eggs and larvae of the shelf-dwelling species Trachurus trachurus, Capros aper and E. encrasicolus dominated the ichthyoplankton assemblage. The distribution of E. encrasicolus eggs and fish larvae was vertically structured. E. encrasicolus egg concentration increased exponentially towards the surface. Fish larvae showed a subsurface peak of concentration and their vertical distribution was not conditioned by thermocline depths. The short term hydrographic event did not affect the vertical distribution of fish larvae but it accounted for significant temporal changes in larval fish assemblage structure and abundance. Results suggest that temperature and light intensity are important factors in the vertical distribution of fish larvae. They also indicate that the temporal monitoring of the larval fish assemblage in this region requires multiple sampling sites.     

澳大利亚西北陆架深水盆地油气分布规律

澳大利亚西北陆架边缘海型被动大陆边缘是目前全球深水区油气勘探的热点地区之一,近年来的一系列深水(＞500m)油气重大发现使其备受关注.澳大利亚西北陆架油气分布总体上具有显著的不均一性.平面上呈“内油外气”的分布特征,油气主要分布于富烃凹陷的凹边隆和凹中隆.远岸带深水区发育大型、超大型气田且成群成带分布,近岸带浅水区以发育中、小型油田为主,亦成群成带分布.纵向上呈“上油下气”的分布特征,天然气和凝析油主要富集于上三叠统和中-下侏罗统,石油主要富集于上侏罗统和下白垩统.     

近2ka以来东海内陆架泥质区高分辨率的生物硅记录及其古生产力意义

通过对位于东海内陆架泥质区中部的MZ02孔进行粒度和生物硅分析,AMS14C测年,获得了粒度和生物硅随时间变化的高分辨率曲线.结果表明,近2 ka以来研究区沉积环境稳定,以沿岸流控制的浅海沉积为主;沉积物中生物硅含量<1.5%,属于低含量海区,主要受低硅质骨骼供给量、高溶解作用以及陆源物质冲淡作用的影响.生物硅含量及其...