Internal architecture of the soft sediment cover of the South-Aquitaine shelf (Bay of Biscay): A record of high frequency sea level variations?

Very high-resolution seismic profiles highlighted three main depositional sequences of several hundred meters thick on the South-Aquitaine shelf. The youngest one, the soft sedimentary cover (U1), is presented in this article. It is composed of six seismic units deposited during the Late Quaternary and corresponds to a repetition of a sequence type. The sequence type is formed in four phases: an erosional unconformity (S), a sub-unit “a”, an internal erosional unconformity (St) and a sub-unit “b”. The first phase begins with the erosional unconformity (S), which could be formed during the sea level fall. The second phase is the deposition of the sub-unit “a”, likely during the sea level lowstand and the early sea level rise. Its acoustic facies is generally chaotic with small channels and could be filled by coarse or heterogeneous sediments. The third phase is the formation of a plane and high amplitude unconformity (St) which could be correlated with a transgressive or a wave ravinement surface. The fourth phase corresponds to the deposition, probably during the sea level rise, of the sub-unit “b” which is characterized by subparallel reflections.     

陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法

本文以东营凹陷北部陡坡带为例论述了陆相断陷盆地陡坡复杂扇体油藏评价思路与方法。分析了陡坡带特殊性及复杂性,针对复杂扇体油藏精细等时地层对比、控砂机制、有效储层划分和油气分布的纵向分带性提出了有效的研究方法,并形成了一整套有针对性的勘探技术流程,在东营凹陷乃至济阳坳陷具有较好的推广前景。     

晚更新世以来南黄海陆架沉积物源分析

南黄海陆架地区物源研究备受关注, 到底是长江还是黄河源至今尚未有定论。通过对长江和黄河流域锆石 U-Pb 测 年数据集混合模拟分析以及结合 YZ08 孔沉积相和锆石 U-Pb 的年龄图谱分析, 结果表明： 晚更新世以来, 南黄海陆架地区 存在长江古河道, MIs5 时期长江可能在苏北弶港入海; 在物源方面, MIs5 时期弶港地区主要受长江物源影响, MIs1λMIs2 时期则为长江主导的混合源, 随着黄河夺淮入海带来泥沙物质, 近代以来转为黄河主导的混合源。基于 Bootstrap 随机抽样 方法抓取了长江和黄河的锆石 U-Pb 测年数据集, 并结合统计学原理模拟出长江和黄河不同比例混合物源的锆石年龄图谱, 对锆石物源判别方法做出了改进, 弥补了传统锆石 U-Pb 年龄图谱在混合源判别分析上的不足, 对南黄海物源研究具有一定 的意义。     

动力学模型预测泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品的货架期

以泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)半干制品为研究对象,测定和分析其在不同贮藏温度(4°C、20°C、30°C和40°C)下,菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(TVBN)、脂肪氧化程度(TBA值)与感官评分各项指标随贮藏时间的变化。结果表明,泥鳅半干制品在不同贮藏温度下,随着贮藏时间的延长品质逐渐下降,贮藏温度越低,品质指标变化越缓慢。经Pearson相关性分析,确定影响泥鳅半干制品品质变化的关键因子为菌落总数;基于Arrhenius方程,进一步建立菌落总数与贮藏时间、贮藏温度之间的动力学模型,该模型中活化能Ea为26.5 kJ/mol,反应速率常数k0为3186.6,推算得出泥鳅半干制品货架期预测值与实测值相对误差较小,该动力学模型可准确预测泥鳅半干制品在4—40°C贮藏温度下的货架期。本研究可为泥鳅半干制品的开发、流通奠定理论基础。     

3D architecture of Quaternary sediment along the NW Atlantic Moroccan Rharb continental shelf: A stratal pattern under the dual control of tectonics and climatic variations

This study focuses on the evolution of the Atlantic NW Moroccan Rharb continental shelf during the Neogene and Quaternary. This region is part of a foreland basin bounded by the Rif mountain belt and thus provides an interesting geological setting to study the interactions between eustasy and tectonics and the driving mechanisms controlling stratigraphic patterns. The results are supported by an interpretation of new data including high-resolution seismic lines coupled with an interpretation of industrial seismic lines and detailed logs of industrial wells completed by micropaleontologic analysis of cuttings. The stratigraphy reveals a succession of three mega sequences related to the transition from an underfilled to an overfilled stage reflecting the long-term evolution of the foreland system. Moreover, evidence of cyclical sea-level changes are visible in the upper megasequence composed of three depositional sequences assumed to be fourth-order sequences generated in response to the most recent 100-ka glacio–eustatic cycles. This study also shows the peripheral deformation of the Rharb shelf responsible for changes in the geometry of the deposits and thicknesses of the sedimentary fill during the Pliocene and Pleistocene. The most important change was triggered by the uplift of the Lallah Zahra Ridge corresponding to a major Quaternary kinematic boundary and the broad uplift of the southern shelf interpreted as a flexural uplift of the forebulge domain. The deformation-controlled sediment dispersal pattern consists of a progressive growth of the shelf accompanied with a progressive shift of depocenters from the North East to the South West and a general progradation to the North West along the southern border. This progressive filling has led to the confinement of the Rharb paleo-valley across the continental shelf. The complete filling of the palaeo-valley was followed by the development of a more than 70-m thick prodeltaic lobe at the front of the Oued Sebou river mouth during the Holocene.     

湘东南—赣西地区加里东期沉积演化特征

通过对研究区加里东期沉积物的野外地质调查、剖面横向对比和岩相古地理编图,发现研究区加里东期主要发育五种沉积相类型,分别为碳酸盐岩陆棚相、碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩混积陆棚相、冰海相、欠补偿型硅质岩—页岩盆地相和补偿型浊积岩盆地相。剖面横向对比显示,研究区加里东期沉积物由西向东为连续相变沉积,横向上各种沉积相指状交叉、相互过渡;岩相古地理研究表明,加里东期湘东南—赣西地区主要发育硅质岩—页岩盆地相和浊积岩盆地相两大相带,从南华纪—奥陶纪时期两大相带的发育规模略有差异,在两大相带的结合部往往发育两种沉积相的交叉过渡带。笔者认为该区沉积相的过渡性质对探讨华南洋加里东期属性的问题有重要意义。     

黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段滨岸相沉积特征及其地质意义

沉积环境分析是古地理重建的核心内容,黔北地区寒武系明心寺组沉积环境研究存在较大争议,以致对中上扬子地区明心寺组沉积期古地理格局的认识不能统一。选取寒武系明心寺组发育齐全、出露良好的黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面为研究对象,通过野外剖面观察、室内薄片鉴定及碎屑岩粒度分析等方法对三丘田剖面明心寺组岩石学特征、沉积构造、沉积演化序列、沉积相类型进行了详细分析。结果表明:黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段发育大套的石英粉-细砂岩,沉积构造以低角度冲洗交错层理为主,碎屑颗粒的成分和结构成熟度均较高;三丘田剖面明心寺组上段砂岩以双次跳跃组分为主,悬浮组分含量较少,纵向剖面自下而上显示为浅水陆棚→临滨→前滨→后滨演化序列,呈典型的陆棚相向滨岸相变化。综上所述,黔北镇远地区三丘田剖面寒武系明心寺组上段的沉积相为滨岸相。黔北镇远地区明心寺组滨岸相沉积的出现,指示了黔北地区区域上重新认识明心寺组沉积相的必要性,将直接影响对黔北地区乃至中上扬子地区寒武纪古地理格局及其大地构造背景的认识。     

岩石内应力的X射线-中子散射测量方法

岩石内应力的储存和释放对深地资源和能源开发具有重要约束。矿物晶格间距的动态变化是揭示岩石内应力演化的重要指示。X射线衍射法是当前获取矿物晶体结构的主要手段,可以准确测定矿物的特征衍射峰。但是,对于具有复杂结构和矿物组成的岩石,X射线在穿透过程中携带的统计信息,难以反映矿物晶格间距的细节特征。中子射线的能量高、穿透深度大,且与原子核反应,因而能更准确地刻画矿物元素位置和结构细节,但中子的波长较长、校准困难,结果具有不确定性,导致中子射线在岩石内应力研究中未能发挥应有作用。在分析X射线、中子技术优势和固有局限的基础上,提出了岩石内应力的X射线-中子衍射测量方法,重点剖析了该方法的基本原理,提出了该方法的关键技术与研究前景。得出了如下结论:利用X射线在确定岩石矿物晶格参数的优势,结合加热处理等技术,可实现岩石矿物无应力条件下晶格间距的标定; 采用中子衍射技术可精确测量岩石矿物的衍射偏移峰,实现岩石内应力深度轮廓的精准刻画; 结合X射线与中子的优势,可实现岩石内应力绝对值的精确测量。提出的技术手段有利于揭示岩石内应力的微观储存和释放过程,以及长期存留的物质条件和物理力学机制,并有望为岩石矿物组成和微观结构研究提供一种新的技术方案。     

常州润华环球中心深基坑支护效果分析

常州润华环球中心基坑工程一区开挖深度达18 m,采用钻孔灌注排桩和内支撑作为支护结构。基坑施工过程中对基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移进行了监测。基坑工程施工结束后基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移达到稳定值（分别为25 mm和40 mm）,整体支护效果显著。但在基坑第三次开挖结束后第二道支撑构筑完成之前,基坑顶部的沉降位移和水平位移速率突然增大,直至第二道支撑构筑完成后增速才缓慢降低。提高第二道支撑的标高有利于降低基坑的变形,提高支护效果。     

Response and recovery of the Comanche carbonate platform surrounding multiple Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events,northern Gulf of Mexico

The ubiquity of carbonate platforms throughout the Cretaceous Period is recognized as a product of high eustatic sea-level and a distinct climatic optimum induced by rapid sea-floor spreading and elevated levels of atmospheric carbon-dioxide. Notably, a series of global oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) punctuate this time-interval and mark periods of significantly reduced free oxygen in the world's oceans. The best records of these events are often from one-dimensional shelf or basin sections where only abrupt shifts between oxygenated carbonates and anoxic shales are recorded. The Comanche Platform of central Texas provides a unique opportunity to study these events within a well-constrained stratigraphic framework in which their up-dip and down-dip sedimentologic effects can be observed and the recovery of the platform to equilibrium states can be timed and understood. Stable isotope data from whole cores in middle Hauterivian through lower Campanian mixed carbonate-siliciclastic strata are used to construct a 52-myr carbon isotope reference profile for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Correlation of this composite curve to numerous global reference profiles permits identification of several anoxic events and allows their impact on platform architecture and facies distribution to be documented. Oceanic anoxic events 1a, 1b, 1d, and 2 occurred immediately before, after, or during shale deposition in the Pine Island Member, Bexar Member, Del Rio Formation, and Eagle Ford Group, respectively. Oceanic anoxic event 3 corresponds to deposition of the Austin Chalk Group. Platform drowning on three occasions more closely coincided with globally recognized anoxic sub-events such as the Fallot, Albian-Cenomanian, and Mid-Cenomanian events. This illustrates that the specific anoxic event most affecting a given carbonate platform varied globally as a function of regional oceanographic circumstances.Using chemo- and sequence-stratigraphic observations, a four-stage model is proposed to describe the changing facies patterns, fauna, sedimentation accumulation rates, platform architectures, and relative sea-level trends of transgressive-regressive composite sequences that developed in response to global carbon-cycle perturbations. The four phases of platform evolution include the equilibrium, crisis, anoxic, and recovery stages. The equilibrium stage is characterized by progradational shelf geometries and coral-rudist phototrophic faunal assemblages. Similar phototrophic fauna typify the crisis stage; however, incipient biocalcification crises of this phase led to retrogradational shelf morphologies, transgressive facies patterns, and increased clay mineral proportions. Anoxic stages of the Comanche Platform were coincident with back-ground deposition of organic-rich shale on drowned shelves and heterotrophic fauna dominated by oysters or coccolithophorids. Eustatic peaks of this stage were of moderate amplitude (∼30 m), yet relative sea-level rises were greatly enhanced by reduced sedimentation rates. In the recovery stage, heterotrophic carbonate factories re-established at the shoreline as progradational ramp systems and sediment accumulation rates slowly increased as dysoxia diminished. Full recovery to equilibrium conditions may or may not have followed. Geochemical and stratigraphic trends present in the four stages are consistent with increased volcanism along mid-ocean ridges and in large-igneous provinces as primary drivers of Cretaceous OAEs and the resulting transgressive-regressive composite sequences.