Engineering geological studies and tunnel support design at Sulakyurt dam site, Turkey

This paper presents the results of engineering geological investigations and tunnel support design studies, carried out at the Sulakyurt dam site, northeast of Ankara, Turkey. The Sulakyurt dam will be used for flow control and water storage for irrigation projects. Studies were carried out both in the field and the laboratory. Field studies include engineering geological mapping, intensive discontinuity surveying, core drilling and sampling for laboratory testing. The diversion tunnel will be driven in rock mass, consisting of granite and diorite. Empirical, analytical and numerical methods were combined for safe tunnel design. Rock mass rating (RMR), Rock mass quality (Q) and Geological strength index (GSI) systems were used for empirical rock mass quality determination, site characterization and support design. The convergence–confinement method was used as analytical method and software called Phase², a 2D finite element program, was utilized as numerical method. According to the results acquired from the empirical, analytical and numerical methods, tunnel stability problems were expected in both granite and diorite rock masses. The support system, suggested by empirical methods, was applied and the performance of suggested support system was evaluated by means of numerical modelling. It was concluded that the suggested support systems were adequate, since after applying the suggested support system to granite and diorite, tunnel deformation and the yielded elements around the tunnel decreased significantly. Thus, it is suggested that for more reliable support design empirical, numerical and analytical methods should be combined.     

密集建筑群中的深基坑施工技术

以沈阳市某深基坑支护及降水工程在密集建筑群中施工为例，介绍了该支护工程的设计与施工，阐述了该工程变形监测方法并对其结果进行了分析，总结了在沈阳地区密集建筑群中进行基坑开挖的设计与施工经验。     

复合土钉墙支护技术在某大型软土基坑围护中的应用

根据拟建建筑基坑的工程地质条件、周边环境条件、基坑开挖深度等特点综合考虑，对基坑分段采用超前微型桩支护加土钉墙、放坡加土钉墙2种复合支护方案。实践证明，该工程所采用的多种复合式支护实施方案，技术安全可靠，经济合理。     

广州科学城保利林语山庄高边坡支护工程的实践

主要介绍了广州科学城保利林语山庄高边坡支护设计方案与施工方法。支护方案综合采用了锚索、锚杆、抗滑桩、钢管桩、格构梁及挡土墙等多种支护方法，有效地提高了边坡的稳定性。应用有限元方法来验证设计方案的合理性，模拟结果与工程实践基本吻合。     

A Decision Support System for the Evaluation of Eco-engineering Strategies for Slope Protection

A decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist expert and non-expert users in the evaluation and selection of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection. This DSS combines a qualitative hazard assessment of erosion and mass movements with a detailed catalogue of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection of which the suitability is evaluated in relation to the data entered. The slope decision support system (SDSS) is a knowledge based DSS in which knowledge is stored in frames containing rules that can evaluate the available information for a project, stored as project specific information (PSI) in a data file. The advantages of such a system are that it accepts incomplete information and that the qualitative nature of the information does not instil the user with a sense of unjustified exactitude. By its multidisciplinary and progressive nature, the DSS will be of value during the initial stages of an eco-engineering project when data collection and the potential of different eco-engineering strategies are considered. The accent of the output of the DSS is on the application of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection as an environmentally-friendly solution aiding sustainable development. For its acceptance within the engineering community, the DSS needs to prove its predictive capacity. Therefore, its performance has been benchmarked against successful and unsuccessful cases of slope stabilisation using eco-engineering. The target audience and the areas of application of this DSS are reviewed and the strategies for further development in this area suggested.     

Decision-support systems for groundwater protection: innovative tools for resource management

Governmental authorities are forced by law to make decisions within the framework of European, national and regional directives in the fields of spatial planning, groundwater and environmental protection. These tasks can be supported by a decision-support system, which integrates data from various sources and helps to make decision processes more effective and transparent. Basic work for such a decision support system has been done in a transnational and interdisciplinary project (Interreg II C: KATER), including metadata definition, metadata system, cartographic tools and GIS tools. The direct integration of these tools and information in the decision process will be implemented in the next few years (project KATER II).     

基于3DCM的日照分析模型研究

讨论了几何3DCM（three dimension city model）日照分析的基本模型．基于3DCM日照分析的3个难点问题——阴影显示、日照时间计算、日照间距计算．实现了日照分析的算法功能，并给出了实验与模拟分析结果。     

一种基于核学习的储集层渗透率预测新方法

基于核学习的支持向量机,是一种采用结构风险最小化原则代替传统经验风险最小化原则的新型统计学习方法,具有完备的理论基础。这里提出了核学习技术在储集层非均质特性描述中渗透率参数预测的新用途。在复杂地层中,基于支持向量机的智能和自适应模式识别能力而建立了常规测井多参数信息输入的渗透率预测模型,然后对实际油田储集层渗透率进行了预测。与常规线性回归模型预测结果相对比,所提出的方法更易于使用,很少受不确定因素的影响,并具有较强的信息整合能力以及更高的预测准确性和可信度。     

航空影像分割的最小二乘支持向量机方法

将最小支持向量机LS-SVM用于航空影像的分割,讨论了不同核函数对分割结果的影响和稀疏化处理对决策函数的影响。试验表明了LS-SVM方法用于航空影像分割的可行性。     

降水预报的初始场最优化方法

利用一简单的湿度发展方程，尝试用非线性最优化方法讨论降水预报中的最优初值场的获得。试验结果表明，通过非线性最优化分析方法，可以找到一最优初始场，使得模式预报结果与实际观测场一致，这为将来在实际应用中如何改善更复杂模式的初始场，提高预报准确率提供了一个很有意义的思路。