工业测量中平行光管定向法的试验研究

介绍平行光管法的有关概念,利用实验室内的稳固水泥测墩及控制点,研究平行光管法确定起始方向线的误差及其引起的点位位移与图形变形间的关系,指出在高精度工业测量中,使用平行光管法及图形变形理论可提高工业目标测量精度。     

工业测量中两测角装置间起始方向线的定向方法

分析了用于工业测量中的6种定向方法，这些方法或可直接应用，或可为仪器制造厂家参考。提出了这些方法的操作步骤，指出了使用常规测角仪器在工业测量时应注意的一些技术细节。     

Initial rupture process of microearthquakes recorded by high sampling borehole seismographs at the Nojima fault, central Japan

We analyze high sampling waveforms of the initial part of P-wave recorded at the 1800-m-deep borehole seismographs at the Nojima fault from December 1999 to May 2000 to clarify the initial rupture process of microearthquakes. We select 12 events with high S/N, whose magnitudes range from −0.3 to 2.2 and hypocentral distances from 1 to 11 km. We adopt the two different source models by Sato and Hirasawa (1973) and by Sato and Kanamori (1999). The former (model by Sato and Hirasawa (SH model)) generates only a ramp-like onset of velocity pulse. The later (model by Sato and Kanamori (SK model)) is able to generate a weak initial phase that is controlled by a trigger factor and the length of pre-existing crack. We perform the waveform inversion to estimate the optimum source parameters of each model. Waveforms of 5 of the 12 events are clearly reproduced by both SH model and SK model with a large trigger factor and a small length of pre-existing crack. The others are explained by not SH model but only SK model with a small trigger factor and a large length of the pre-existing crack, indicating that the weak initial phase is a nucleation phase and reflects the source process. These seven events satisfy roughly a relation that a large event has a large length of the pre-existing crack; the final crack length is proportional to the length of the pre-existing crack.     

冻土初始与附加细观损伤的CT识别模型

采用冻土附加损伤的概念, 给出了冻土在受载荷作用下产生的微裂纹与CT数之间的关系, 冻土密度与CT数以及冻土内部损伤量与CT数间关系模型, 并进行了讨论. 采用干土压实饱和的方法制作了无损冻土试样, 建立了冻土初始损伤的计算模式, 用该模式计算了不同冻土试样的初始损伤, 并以饱水分层压实试样为例计算了加载过程中的微裂纹损伤.     

动静结合方法计算储层水淹后地层混合液电阻率技术及其在剩余油饱和度解释中的应用——以吉林扶余油田泉四段油层为例

针对国内注水开发油田水淹层测井解释中地层混合液电阻率(Rz)难以确定的问题,提出了一套动静结合确定Rz的新技术。该技术以开发井投产初期含水率资料为基础,结合静态研究成果,反演投产层的地层混合液电阻率(Rz),进而标定井筒中泥浆滤液电阻率(Rmf),在此基础上,应用自然电位测井的基本原理,可以计算垂向上各层的地层混合液电阻率(Rz)。对于初期投产层为单层和多层两种情况,提出了一种迭代算法,均能实现Rz的反演和Rmf的准确标定。以该技术为基础,针对已经进入高含水阶段的扶余油田泉四段油层开展水淹层测井资料的二次解释。通过与密闭取心检查井岩心分析数据对比,剩余油饱和度误差平均为6%。     

深层岩体松动爆破中不耦合装药效应的探讨

基于冲击波在交界面两侧压力和速度必须各自相等的连续性条件,求解爆轰产物中适用的反射波方程和介质中适用的冲击波方程,得到药包周围介质中冲击波的初始参数.通过波的传播机理,把集中药包应力波随距离的衰减公式扩展到延长药包,并计算耦合与不耦合装药爆破时距爆心相同距离处岩石中冲击波的参数.由计算结果可知:(1)耦合装药爆破时形成的冲击波压力超过岩石抗压强度极限几十倍以上,药包周围岩石形成粉碎区;(2)与耦合装药爆破相比,不耦合装药爆破可以降低孔壁处岩石中冲击波初始压力,但可以增加孔壁后岩石中的冲击波压力.合理的不耦合系数,可使岩石不形成粉碎区,大幅度减少能量耗散;(3)水一般认为是非线性弹性介质,因此水介质成为炸药爆轰产物与岩石间的弹性缓冲层,增加了能量传递,延长了冲击波作用时间,加大了爆炸的作用范围.     

Influence of masonry infill panels on the vibration and stiffness characteristics of R/C frame buildings

Vibration measurements were performed on two adjacent, three-storey reinforced concrete frame buildings with hollow clay brick infill panels. The first building was a bare frame and the second one was a similar frame infilled with brick panels. The fundamental period for the infilled frame building was much smaller than that of the bare frame building. Using shear beam lumped mass models and the vibration data the actual lateral stiffness of both buildings was identified. The lateral stiffness of the infilled frame building was found to be seven times that of the bare frame building. Four numerical models of the infilled frame building were constructed. The frame and floors were represented using an experimentally validated model and the infill panels by one of three commonly used ‘equivalent diagonal truss’ models or by plane stress finite elements. Only the plane stress finite element model produced a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

集合预报中动态调整的增长模繁殖及其对自由繁殖的改进

用增长模繁殖（BGM）法产生集合预报初始扰动的过程中,对增长模适时的进行调整是有必要的。介绍了动态调整的方法,利用T63L9全球谱模式,通过数值试验考察了在繁殖过程中采用动态调整时增长模的增长和饱和情况,并与自由繁殖试验作了相应的比较。结果表明:动态调整情况下,各层扰动的增长率可以达到一个比较大的数值;在形态饱和方面,动态调整能在很大程度上克服自由繁殖时低层扰动饱和时间滞后的缺陷;综合考虑,动态调整下扰动饱和时间可比自由繁殖缩短1天以上,且饱和特征更加明显。     

库鲁克塔格基性岩墙群K—Ar等时年龄测定及其有关问题讨论

新疆库鲁克塔格基性岩墙群的四个样品的Ｋ－Ａｒ表观年龄为４５５－６７３Ｍａ,等时年龄为２８７±１３Ｍａ。这一年龄与近几年报道的沿天山构造带的早二叠世火山岩年龄一致。氩初始值为５０８,在Ｐ型岩浆范围内,结合稀土、微量元素特征,认为岩墙群与地幔热柱有成因联系。