初始场估计共轭同化方法的精确化

通过例子,说明对偏微分方程模型使用共轭同化方法时,同周期性条件的重要性,提出尽可能精确地使用共轭同化方法于偏微分方程模型的办法及对有些方程不含ｅ↓ｕ／ｅ↓项时,其相应差分方程模型精确共轭同化方法。     

Accelerated initial stiffness schemes for elastoplasticity

Iterative methods for the solution of non‐linear finite element equations are generally based on variants of the Newton–Raphson method. When they are stable, full Newton–Raphson schemes usually converge rapidly but may be expensive for some types of problems (for example, when the tangent stiffness matrix is unsymmetric). Initial stiffness schemes, on the other hand, are extremely robust but may require large numbers of iterations for cases where the plastic zone is extensive. In most geomechanics applications it is generally preferable to use a tangent stiffness scheme, but there are situations in which initial stiffness schemes are very useful. These situations include problems where a nonassociated flow rule is used or where the zone of plastic yielding is highly localized. This paper surveys the performance of several single‐parameter techniques for accelerating the convergence of the initial stiffness scheme. Some simple but effective modifications to these procedures are also proposed. In particular, a modified version of Thomas' acceleration scheme is developed which has a good rate of convergence. Previously published results on the performance of various acceleration algorithms for initial stiffness iteration are rare and have been restricted to relatively simple yield criteria and simple problems. In this study, detailed numerical results are presented for the expansion of a thick cylinder, the collapse of a rigid strip footing, and the failure of a vertical cut. These analyses use the Mohr–Coulomb and Tresca yield criteria which are popular in soil mechanics. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF DIGITAL FILTER INITIALIZATION FOR WRF MODEL

Initialization and initial imbalance problem were discussed in the context of a three-dimensional variational data assimilation system of the new generation “Weather Research and Forecasting Model”. Several options of digital filter initialization have been tested with a rain storm case. It is shown that digital filter initialization, especially diabatic digital filter initialization and twice digital filter initialization, have effectively removed spurious high frequency noise from initial data for numerical weather prediction and produced balanced initial conditions. For six consecutive intermittent data assimilation cycles covering a 3-day period, mean initialization increments and impact on forecast variables are studied. DFI has been demonstrated to provide better adjustment of the hydrometeors and vertical velocity, reduced spin-up time, and improved forecast variables quantity.     

浅埋暗挖技术在南平市天台隧道工程施工中的应用

主要介绍了在Ⅱ、Ⅲ类围岩中施工城市浅埋隧道的施工技术，以“短开挖、快封闭、强支护、勤量测”为指导，将隧道分成上、下两个台阶进行开挖，及时进行初期支护，保证施工始终处于安全状态。     

21世纪初期河南省基础地质研究方向与成功战略

20世纪河南省基础地质研究经历三个阶段。第一阶段50年,随矿产调查进行。第二阶段30年,随矿产勘查和1∶20万区调开展。第三阶段20年,随1∶5万区调、矿产勘查、专题与综合研究广泛展开。为谋求21世纪初期河南省基础地质较快发展,作者认为应有新的指导思想、研究方法和服务方向,并提出知识创新、人才培养和经费保障三项成功战略。     

微型抗滑桩单桩设计计算模型及算法研究

考虑微型桩与周围岩土体间摩擦力的作用,提出了一种新的微型抗滑桩单桩设计计算模型,并给出了具体算法。由微型桩加固滑坡体的变形特点,分析微型桩与岩土体之间的相互作用机制,将微型桩与周围岩土体的摩擦作用引入其受力分析中;根据微型桩上各部分受力特点的不同,将微型桩分成上部摩擦受拉段、中部滑坡推力作用段和下部锚固段3段进行分析,推导了微型桩总的变形控制方程及各分段的变形控制方程;采用初参数法对控制方程进行求解,得到了微型抗滑桩上的内力分布及变形规律。计算结果表明,在滑坡推力作用下,微型桩的变形主要发生在滑面附近及以上桩段,滑面附近桩段将产生较大的内力和弯曲变形,受拉段弯曲变形较小,近似水平移动;桩与岩土体间的摩擦力是微型桩与周围岩土体相互作用的重要组成部分,摩擦力的作用能显著减小微型桩的弯曲变形,有效控制滑坡体的位移。     

The Combined Effect of Initial Error and Model Error on ENSO Prediction Uncertainty Generated by the Zebiak-Cane Model

Initial errors and model errors are the source of prediction errors. In this study, the authors compute the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP）-type initial errors and nonlinear forcing singular vector （NFSV）- type tendency errors of the Zebiak-Cane model with respect to El Nifio events and analyze their combined effect on the prediction errors for E1 Nino events. The CNOP- type initial error （NFSV-type tendency error） represents the initial errors （model errors） that have the largest effect on prediction uncertainties for E1 Nifio events under the perfect model （perfect initial conditions） scenario. How- ever, when the CNOP-type initial errors and the NFSV- type tendency errors are simultaneously considered in the model, the prediction errors caused by them are not am- plified as the authors expected. Specifically, the predic- tion errors caused by the combined mode of CNOP-type initial errors and NFSV-type tendency errors are a little larger than those caused by the NFSV-type tendency er- rors. This fact emphasizes a need to investigate the opti- mal combined mode of initial errors and tendency errors that cause the largest prediction error for E1 Nifio events.     

地表剥蚀作用对地应力场反演的影响

岩体自重和剥蚀作用都是形成岩体初始应力场的重要因素。在地应力回归分析中，反演所得岩体重度往往大于实测重度。通过算例说明，地表剥蚀作用因素是导致该结果的主要原因，并分析了由此产生的一些工程应用问题。     

水平分层胶结充填体损伤本构模型及强度准则

以矿山分层充填为背景,针对水平分层充填体,提出了初始分层损伤、荷载损伤与总损伤的概念;利用损伤力学理论,考虑分层效应,建立了充填体损伤演化及本构模型;基于全微分方法构建了考虑分层效应的充填体强度准则。开展了不同分层充填体力学特性试验。研究结果表明：所建立的分层充填体损伤本构模型及强度准则理论曲线与试验曲线高度吻合,验证了模型的正确性;初始分层损伤随分层数增多,呈现 的二次多项式递增,分层效应与荷载耦合作用劣化了充填体总损伤;充填体总损伤率呈先增大后减小趋势。在峰值之前,分层数越多,则总损伤率越大;而峰值之后,分层数越多,则总损伤率越小,且总损伤率最大值随分层数增多而增大。     

基于假反扰动的江淮梅雨锋低涡初始误差分析

以一个江淮梅雨锋低涡的48h模拟结果为基态计算了奇异矢量,并利用奇异矢量构造了假反扰动。分析表明,假反扰动能在一定程度上描述初始误差,可以借助其进行初始误差分析;在假反扰动中,发展缓慢的奇异矢量分量是主体,描述了绝大部分模拟误差且增长迅速的奇异矢量所占比例却很小;分析假反扰动的具体形势发现850hPa上初始误差主要是低涡西南方向的低压槽偏弱,而在500hPa,渤海湾低压槽向西南方向的伸展不够,低压槽东边的高压脊应进一步向北伸展,这些初始误差都分布在关键系统的周围,并且具有中尺度的特征。另外,假反扰动中不同物理量场改进预报质量的贡献各不相同,各种物理量场间存在着使其空间分布趋于一致的动力相关关系。