基于PML边界下的弹性及黏弹性TTI介质波场模拟

基于一阶速度-应力波动方程,采用高阶交错网格有限差分数值模拟方法,对弹性及黏弹性TTI介质进行正演数值模拟。模拟时采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件(PML)消除边界反射。同时设计了层状介质模型、断层模型,通过模型的正演计算,得到了不同时刻的地震波波场快照及合成地震记录,分析其波场运动学及动力学特征。模拟结果表明,交错网格有限差分法可以很好地完成对复杂介质的波场模拟,具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

基于弹性地基梁理论的冻胀作用下管道应力分析

穿越冻土区的埋地管线在遭遇冻土差异性冻胀时,管道会发生翘曲变形,管线将面临很大的安全隐患。为此,基于弹性地基梁理论建立冻胀条件下的管-土相互作用模型,分析了管道在冻胀及其影响因素作用下的应力分布规律,探讨了冻土地基特性（弹性模量、泊松比及地基系数）与温度的关系,对比了不同地基系数、冻胀量、管径、壁厚、温差以及上覆土厚度等特定条件下的管道应力峰值状况。计算结果表明：管道在过渡段与冻胀段及非冻胀段交界处有最大应力值,各类影响因素对管道交界处的应力影响最显著;地基系数的值越大,差异性冻胀量越大,管径越大,温差越大,管道交界处应力峰值也越大;管壁越厚,在管道交界处的应力峰值越小;管道上覆土层越厚,管道受冻胀作用弯曲应力越小,即加深上覆土层可降低管道由于冻胀抬升所产生的应力,可减缓管道变形。     

Instability of a thin photoevaporable circumstellar envelope

We investigate the stability of a dense neutral shell that is accelerated outward by the hot-gas pressure and that loses its mass through photoionization by radiation from the central star. We assume the H I shell to be thin and use the Lagrangian coordinates to describe its motion. We show that a flow accompanied by cumulative effects emerges during the nonlinear development of the instability. We estimate the influence of the radiative cooling rate on the motion and determine parameters of the gas in the cumulative region. The results obtained are compared with the observations of the nebulae NGC 7293 and NGC 2392.     

基于弹性薄片格林函数的GPS应变求解方法对青藏高原东北缘三维构造变形特征的研究

基于弹性薄片格林函数的GPS三维应变求解方法,对青藏高原东北缘地区的构造变形特征进行研究。结果表明,青藏高原东北缘的应变主要集中在边界断裂上,而在断裂之间的内部块体应变分布相对较小,垂直应变最大值位于日月山断裂以东和海原断裂以南的区域,与块体旋转及物质东向运移有关,且很可能受中下地壳流的影响。本文用三维GPS应变分析为理解大陆内部构造变形动力学过程提供了新的视角。     

横向非均匀介质多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演

作为近地表横波速度结构成像的主要手段之一,面波多道分析法的正问题研究对现场观测系统设计及后续反演计算具有重要意义.目前面波频散曲线的正演主要分为两类:一是对水平层状介质中面波的本征值问题进行求解,该类方法计算效率高但较难考虑地下介质在横向上的不均匀性;二是基于波动方程的全波场模拟,该类方法在理论上可考虑任意复杂的地质模型但计算成本相对较高.本文基于振幅归一化加权的聚束分析,提出了一种适用于横向非均匀介质模型的多道瑞雷波频散曲线正演方法.首先,基于聚束分析的计算公式推导得到了经振幅归一化加权后输出功率谱中相速度与局部相速度之间的关系,然后通过黄金分割极值搜索算法计算得到了多道瑞雷波数据的理论频散曲线.数值分析结果表明,该算法能够快速地实现横向非均匀介质中多道瑞雷波频散曲线的正演计算,所求取的频散曲线与采用二维弹性波时间域有限差分模拟分析得到的结果误差较小,这在一定程度上说明了该计算方法的可靠性,从而可为面波多道分析法中的观测系统快速优化设计以及横向非均匀介质中频散曲线的反演解释提供理论支撑.     

Optimum lateral load pattern for seismic design of elastic shear‐buildings incorporating soil–structure interaction effects

Recently, several new optimum loading patterns have been proposed by researchers for fixed‐base systems while their adequacy for soil–structure systems has not been evaluated yet. Through intensive dynamic analyses of multistory shear‐building models with soil–structure interaction subjected to a group of 21 artificial earthquakes adjusted to soft soil design spectrum, the adequacy of these optimum patterns is investigated. It is concluded that using these patterns the structures generally achieve near optimum performance in some range of periods. However, their efficiency reduces as soil flexibility increases especially when soil–structure interaction effects are significant. In the present paper, using the uniform distribution of damage over the height of structures, as the criterion, an optimization algorithm for seismic design of elastic soil–structure systems is developed. The effects of fundamental period, number of stories, earthquake excitation, soil flexibility, building aspect ratio, damping ratio and damping model on optimum distribution pattern are investigated. On the basis of 30,240 optimum load patterns derived from numerical simulations and nonlinear statistical regression analyses, a new lateral load pattern for elastic soil–structure systems is proposed. It is a function of the fundamental period of the structure, soil flexibility and structural slenderness ratio. It is shown that the seismic performance of such a structure is superior to those designed by code‐compliant or recently proposed patterns by researchers for fixed‐base structures. Using the proposed load pattern in this study, the designed structures experience up to 40% less structural weight as compared with the code‐compliant or optimum patterns developed based on fixed‐base structures. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Ground motion scaling methods for linear‐elastic structures: an integrated experimental and analytical investigation

The task of selecting and scaling an appropriate set of ground motion records is one of the most important challenges facing practitioners in conducting dynamic response history analyses for seismic design and risk assessment. This paper describes an integrated experimental and analytical evaluation of selected ground motion scaling methods for linear‐elastic building frame structures. The experimental study is based on the shake table testing of small‐scale frame models with four different fundamental periods under ground motion sets that have been scaled using different methods. The test results are then analytically extended to a wider range of structural properties to assess the effectiveness of the scaling methods in reducing the dispersion and increasing the accuracy in the seismic displacement demands of linear‐elastic structures, also considering biased selection of ground motion subsets. For scaling methods that are based on a design estimate of the fundamental period of the structure, effects of possible errors in the estimated period are investigated. The results show that a significant reduction in the effectiveness of these scaling methods can occur if the fundamental period is not estimated with reasonable certainty. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

倾斜裂缝地层qP波方位反射系数椭圆特征研究

倾斜定向排列裂缝地层可以等效为TI介质,根据TI介质弹性波反射透射方程,模拟了上覆各向同性泰勒岩/下伏含有倾斜裂缝的奥斯汀白垩岩模型qP波方位反射系数。通过将qP波方位反射系数拟合成椭圆,研究了裂缝密度、裂缝倾向、裂缝倾角与椭圆参数的关系。研究发现,随着裂缝密度增大椭圆扁率也在增大,裂缝倾向与椭圆中心点方位相差180°,裂缝倾角与椭圆中心点到坐标原点距离存在一定的对应关系。本研究可以为预测倾斜裂缝地层提供一定的理论支撑。     

非均匀弹性介质地震波场伪谱法正演模拟

基于一阶速度—应力弹性波波动方程,利用傅里叶变换将空间导数变换到频率域求解,对介质波场进行正演模拟。本文结合实际勘探中可能存在的地质问题,设计了多种地质模型,包括背斜模型、向斜模型、透镜体模型和断层--侵入体模型等,进行了伪谱法地震波场正演模拟、合成地震记录的实现,并分析了其波场动力学变化特征。结果表明,应用伪谱法对复杂模型的模拟有较高的精度和可靠性,可直接用于辅助地震野外工作设计、反演解释和资料解释等工作。     

基于“彩虹4”无人机海洋监测平台的设计与验证

针对海洋监测中轻小型无人机抗风能力差、大范围动态监测能力不足的问题,本文以彩虹-4型中空长航时无人机为平台进行了载荷安装、电气接口及电磁兼容性设计,实现了光电吊舱、对海雷达、AIS多任务载荷的优化集成,通过开展远距离无人机通信、载荷数据与位姿信息实时同步回传、数据处理等关键技术研究,形成了一套完整的海洋监测平台软硬件系统。最后经过长时间的地面测试并在海南三亚市东部海域开展远距离飞行试验,依据应用场景及作业的紧迫程度,探索了海岛礁成图等常规监测和海上船只目标应急监测应用模式,验证了平台设计指标,其中平台续航能力优于22h,作业通讯距离达到2 300 km,在无控条件下可见光、红外、SAR成像精度分别为15.35 m、21.09 m、6.30 m。结果表明,该平台能够满足海洋监测技术要求,具有实际应用价值。