大鼠口服古糖酯后尿液中糖胺聚糖的变化及其对一水草酸钙晶体抑制活性的影响

通过对尿液总糖胺聚糖的含量测定,尿液原型古糖酯的检测以及尿液对一水草酸钙晶体生长和聚集抑制率的变化,研究大鼠一次性口服古糖酯（２００ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）后,三天内尿液糖胺聚糖的变化,以及尿液对一水草酸钙晶体生长和聚集抑制率的变化。结果表明,大鼠口服古糖酯后,尿总糖胺聚糖含量在第一天和第二天显著升高,第三天恢复到原有水平。与之对应,尿原型古糖酯在第一、二天可以测到,第三天消失,尿液对一水草酸钙晶体聚集抑制活性显著增强,但对晶体的生长抑制没有显著增强作用。该实验部分提供了古糖酯的代谢结果,并为古糖酯作为尿路结石抑制剂提供了有力的实验证据。     

30种中药及其复方对温和气单胞菌的抗菌作用

为评价中药对温和气单胞菌的体外抑菌效果,取鱼腥草、五倍子、黄芩等30种中药,采用水提法制备药液,通过试管二倍稀释法测定各药液对温和气单胞菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(MBC),筛选出抗菌作用较强的中药作为主药,与牡丹皮、龙胆草、蒲公英等18种中药组成复方,测定中药复方对温和气单胞菌的体外抑制效果。结果表明:五倍子、山茱萸、白芍对温和气单胞菌有较强抑菌活性(MIC≤12.5mg/mL),选取8种主药与清热凉血、清热燥湿、清热解毒药分别组成复方,其中五倍子、诃子、五味子、乌梅与其他多种中药组成的复方抗菌作用增强。     

Screening of protease-producing marine yeasts for production of the bioactive peptides

Over 400 yeast strains from seawater and sediments were obtained, but only five strains named HN2 -3, N13d, N13C, Mb5 and HN3 - 2 among them could form clear zones around their colonies on the double plates with 2.0% casein. Peptides in the hydrolysate produced by the proteases from strains HN2 -3 and N13d had higher angiotensin I-converting-enzyme （ACE）-inhibitory activity. The two marine yeast strains were identified to be Aureobasidium pullulans according to the results of routine yeast identification and molecular methods. After purification of the proteases from the two marine yeast strains, it was found that the optimal pH for them was both 9.0, both of them were serine alkaline protease. However, the optimal temperature for the protease from the strain HN2 -3 was 52℃ while that from strain N13d was 48℃. ACE-inhibitory activity of the peptides in the hydrolysate of shrimp protein produced by the purified protease from the strain HN2 -3 was the highest while antioxidant activity in the hydrolysate of spirulina protein produced by the purified protease from the strain N13d was the highest.     

一株群体感应抑制活性海洋放线菌的筛选与鉴定 *

群体感应抑制剂(Quorum Sensing Inhibitors, QSIs)可以通过干扰群体感应(Quorum Sensing, QS)而有效降低病菌的感染性和毒力, 并且不会胁迫致病菌使其产生耐药性, 是具有前景的抗生素替代品。海洋微生物是新型QSIs的潜在来源。本研究利用紫色杆菌(Chromobacterium violaceum 026, CV026)模型评价QS抑制活性, 在来源于南海中西部和印度洋深海沉积物样品的放线菌中筛选QS抑制活性菌株, 并且根据形态学特征和16S rRNA基因序列鉴定活性菌株。通过筛选获得了菌株SCSIO 53717, 其提取物在CV026模型中能够显著降低指示菌株的紫色菌素产量, 并且在0~1000mg·mL^-1的有效浓度范围内不影响紫色杆菌的生长。菌株SCSIO 53717被鉴定为Kocuria属, 是首次报道的具有QS抑制活性的Kocuria属菌株, 因而具有进一步深入研究的价值。     

伊拉克艾哈代布油田AD205H井钻井液技术

AD205H井是伊拉克艾哈代布油田的首口简化三开水平井,上部水敏泥岩易分散造浆、缩径,中部存在高压盐水层、燧石结核地层,储层灰岩含量高,从而增加了施工周期,制约了该区水平井发展步伐。针对上述钻井难点,开展了钻井液抑制性、抗温性、抗盐性、抗污染评价试验,研制了混油聚磺钻井液体系。现场应用表明,聚磺钻井液体系抗污染能力强,施工过程中性能稳定。对于上部水敏性泥浆有很强的抑制作用,对于下部易渗漏的灰岩地层有很好的封堵作用,减少了井下复杂事故的出现。此井为该地区简化井身结构第一口井,低密度优质钻井液保证了该井的顺利施工,创造了该油田钻井施工的多项纪录。     

深层水平井双聚胺基钻井液技术研究与应用

针对大庆油田深层致密气埋藏深,储层砾岩、火山岩裂缝发育,水敏性强,钻井过程中易发生漏失、垮塌、缩径及高温钻井液性能变差等复杂,且深层水平井钻进会带来摩阻、携岩和储层污染及使用油基钻井液存在成本高、后期环保压力大等难题,在分析总结前人研究成果及经验基础上,从致密气藏地质特征及深层水平井钻井难点出发,明确了钻井液技术对策,通过开展聚胺和聚醚多元醇“双聚”抑制、封堵防塌剂的研究,配合自主研制的新型高效随钻封堵材料,研发出一套适合于深层致密气藏水平井施工的双聚胺基钻井液技术。室内研究及现场应用表明,该钻井液具有较强的封堵防塌、井眼清洁和润滑防卡能力,抗温达180 ℃以上,有效地解决了深层水平井漏失、垮塌、携屑、润滑问题和储层保护问题,保证了深层水平井的顺利施工,创造了大庆油田深层水平井钻井周期最短（109 d）,井深最深（5048 m）,水平段最长（969.22 m）,井底温度最高(180 ℃)等几项新纪录,完全满足了徐家围子地区深层致密气藏的钻探需求,为深层水平井安全、快速、高效钻井提供了技术保障。     

鲢鱼降血压肽的酶解条件

以鲢鱼蛋白为原料,采用5种不同复合蛋白酶(P1,P2,P3,P4,P5)进行酶解,综合研究了复合生物酶酶量、酶解时间、pH、酶解温度等对鲢鱼蛋白酶解降血压肽ACE活性抑制效果的影响。结果表明,复合酶P1酶解降血压肽对ACE抑制率经体外检测为88.08%,具有最佳的酶解效果。对应最佳条件为:酶量25 IU/mL,酶解时间2 h,pH7.0,酶解温度60℃。     

大黄鱼溶藻弧菌病组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子的检测及意义

本文应用免疫组织化学方法,对健康大黄鱼和患溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(macrophage migration inhibitory factor,MIF)蛋白进行了检测,以研究溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼组织中MIF的表达情况及其对预后的影响。结果表明,MIF在健康大黄鱼头肾、脾、肠各组织中均无表达;MIF在溶藻弧菌病大黄鱼各组织中高表达,表达强度从弱到强依次是肠、脾、头肾,MIF表达阳性率分别为:56%、64%、92%。推测MIF在大黄鱼溶藻弧菌病发病中发挥重要作用。     

海洋土曲霉C23-3与不同类型海洋微生物共培养对其次生代谢产物的影响

【目的】研究海洋土曲霉C23-3与不同类型海洋微生物共培养对其次生代谢产物的影响,挖掘土曲霉菌株C23-3的次生代谢潜力。【方法】将副溶血弧菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和胶红酵母的活菌或灭活菌体分别以不同时间与土曲霉C23-3共培养;采用DPPH自由基清除法和Ellman法分别评价各提取物的抗氧化和乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性,采用滤纸片法比较各提取物的抗菌活性,采用HPLC指纹图谱分析各提取物化学成分的差异。【结果与结论】发现不同类型的微生物与土曲霉共培养均可激活一些原本沉默的活性次级代谢产物;菌株及共培养物的化学拮抗能力、HPLC指纹图谱中的特征代谢产物变化揭示在活菌培养体系中土曲霉占竞争优势;而且灭活菌体中可能存在某些信号物质,在12 d时对土曲霉群体自感应信号分子丁内酯-I的产生具有比活菌更强的刺激作用。研究结果为深入挖掘海洋真菌代谢潜力及抗老年痴呆等活性先导化合物的发现提供基础。     

Inhibitory effects of chloride ions on concrete sulfate attack in the marine adsorption environment

To study the inhibitory effects of chloride ions on concrete sulfate attack in the marine adsorption environment, a series of cubic concrete specimens was fabricated. These specimens were totally submerged or partially submerged in 10% Na₂SO₄ solutions with 0, 0.5, 2, and 5% NaCl concentration. Three specific aspects, namely, superficial phenomenon, compressive strength degradation, and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry analysis, were studied during 450 days of long-term exposure. Results showed that Na₂SO₄ solution had a strong corrosive effect on concrete in both the adsorption and submersion zones, especially in the adsorption zone. Chloride ions exerted inhibitory effects on concrete sulfate attack in both the submersion and adsorption zones, and higher concentration of chloride ions will produce stronger inhibitory effects. However, given the different inhibitory effects of chloride ions on concrete sulfate attack with different corrosion mechanisms, the inhibitory effect of the same chloride concentration on concrete sulfate attack was a little lower in the adsorption zone than in the submersion zone.