成膜防塌无固相钻井液体系在金鹰矿区ZK1146井中的应用研究

甘肃肃北县金鹰矿区ZK1146井是在甘肃祁连山金矿实施的一口科学钻探井,矿区地层包括砂岩、泥岩、炭质板岩和千枚岩。地层成岩性、胶结性差,倾角大,层理紊乱,井壁强度低。针对现场情况,研制了成膜防塌无固相钻井液体系。该体系主要是针对破碎、坍塌掉块及水敏性地层的钻进施工中遇到的主要难题,具有护壁性、抑制性和胶结性。通过在ZK1146井中的应用,取得了较好的护壁、护心效果,有效地防止了泥岩的分散,保证了该项目的顺利施工。     

中国南方不同土地利用/覆被类型对气温升温的影响

基于我国南方六省国家气象台站历史气象资料、1:10万土地利用/覆被数据和NCEP再分析气温资料,通过比较气温变化在不同观测环境气象站之间的差异,分析中国南方三种主要土地利用/覆被类型对气温趋势的影响。结果显示:土地利用/覆被类型对气温趋势具有稳定的影响,建设用地的年均温、年均最高和最低气温的升温幅度均最高,耕地次之,林地最小。进一步利用再分析资料剔除区域大尺度气候背景影响后,建设用地的年均温升温趋势仍最大(0.105℃/10a),其次是耕地(0.056℃/10a),林地的升温趋势最小(-0.025℃/10a),且为负。这表明对于研究区气温的升温趋势,林地具有抑制作用,建设用地具有增强作用,且增强作用较耕地强。林地的各季节平均气温的变化幅度同样低于非林地。     

尖孢镰孢菌生长条件的研究

本文对由患黑鳃病的中国对虾分离到的二株尖也孢镰孔菌进行了初步研究。其最适生长温度２５℃，盐度１５．０－３５．０，ｐＨ值６－７。该菌生长快（直径９．１９－９．３６ｃｍ／３ｄ），孢子萌发迅速。乌梅等中草药可以有效地抑制该菌株的生长。     

重寄生菌对花棒锈病的抑制作用

花棒(Hedysarum scoparium Fisch.et Mey.)是优良的固沙先锋树种,花棒锈病（Uromyces onobrychidis (Desm.)Lév.）是花棒的常见病害之一,在一些地区严重制约了花棒的先锋固沙作用。本文对花棒锈病菌上的重寄生菌菌种来源、温度和碳源对重寄生菌菌丝生长及产孢的影响、室内接种试验、花棒锈病菌的重寄生现象及对花棒锈病的自然抑制力进行了研究。研究发现,花棒锈病菌的重寄生菌寄生于花棒锈病菌的夏孢子堆和冬孢子堆上,被重寄生菌寄生后,夏孢子堆由橙黄色变为灰白色,冬孢子堆由棕褐色变为灰色,后期夏孢子失去萌发力,孢子堆原基处只存有重寄生菌的分生孢子器。重寄生菌在20～25℃ PDA培养基上产孢量大。重寄生菌为Sphaerellopsis sp.,是一种自然重寄生现象,并对花棒锈病有很强的抑制作用,如果充分利用这一生物链,人工干预这一现象的早发和多发,可以有效提高花棒固沙能力的发挥,其潜质意义很大,是以菌治病、以菌哺林的新资源。     

Effects of suspended particles on the growth of two dominant phytoplankton species of Bohai Bay,China

Suspended particles (SP) are increasing dramatically in Bohai Bay, China and may affect the growth and composition of phytoplankton assembly. To determine the effects of SP on the growth of two dominant phytoplankton species, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin and Gymnodinium sp., we cultured and tested their growth characteristics under SP concentrations ranging from 0 g L⁻¹ to 0.8 g L⁻¹. Our results show that the increase in the SP concentrations results in significant decrease in the maximum cell densities and the maximum specific growth rates of these two species. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of SP to P. tricornutum and Gymnodinium sp. were 1.07 g L⁻¹ and 0.68 g L⁻¹ respectively, indicating the inhibitory effect of SP on Gymnodinium sp. was greater than on P. tricornutum. These results suggest that SP inhibits the growth of the two algal species and P. tricornutum is more tolerant to SP than Gymnodinium sp.     

The inhibitory degree between Skeletonema costatum and dinoflagllate Prorocentrum donghaiense at different concentrations of phosphate and nitrate/phosphate ratios

Interactions between Skeletonema costatum (S. costatum) and Prorocentrum donghaiense (P. donghaiiense) were inves-tigated using bi-algal cultures at different concentrations of phosphate (PO4-P) and nitrate/phosphate (N/P) ratios. Experiments were conducted under P-limited conditions and the Lotka-Volterra mathematical model was used to simulate the growth of S. costatum and P. donghaiense in the bi-algal cultures. Both of these two species were inhibited significantly in bi-algal culture. The results of the simulation showed that the inhibitory degree of S. costaum by P. donghaiense was high when the concentration of PO4-P was low (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), but that of P. donghaiense by S. costaum was high with increased PO4-P supply (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). At low concen-tration of PO4-P (0.1μmolL-1/2 d), or high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with high N/P ratio (160), the interactions be-tween S. costatum and P. donghaiense were dependent on the initial cell densities of both species. At high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d) with low N/P ratio (25 or 80), S. costatum exhibited a survival strategy superior to that of P. donghaiense. The de-gree of inhibition of P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio when the medium was supplemented with con-centration 0.1μmolL-1/2 d of PO4-P. The degree of inhibition to P. donghaiense by S. costaum increased with elevated N/P ratio at low concentration of PO4-P (0.1 μmolL-1/2 d). This trend was conversed at high concentration of PO4-P (0.6μmolL-1/2 d). However, the degree of inhibition of S. costaum by P. donghaiense increased with the increased N/P ratio at different PO4-P concentrations (0.1μmolL-1/2 d and 0.6μmolL-1/2 d). These results suggested that both phosphate concentration and N/P ratio affected the competition between S. costaum and P. donghaiense: P. donghaiense is more competitive in environments with low phosphate or high N/P ratio and the influence of N/P ratio on the competition was more significant with lower phosphate concentration.     

延长油田罗庞塬区水平井钻井液防塌技术研究

延长油田罗庞塬区块部分层段由于泥页岩、碳质泥岩和油页岩发育突出,在钻井施工中常出现定向托压、掉块普遍和地层垮塌严重等现象,针对这些技术难题进行了该区块钻井液体系研究,确定4%KCl、5%聚合醇和0.6%～0.8%SI-150作为抑制性防塌处理剂主体防塌,选择1%氧化沥青、3%超细碳酸钙（1% 2000目+2% 3000目）和1%弹性石墨作为封堵性防塌处理剂协助防塌,形成了适合延长油田罗庞塬区块防塌钻井液体系。该钻井液体系封堵性和抑制性良好,页岩滚动回收率保持在93%以上,极压润滑系数控制在0.07以下。该钻井液体系在罗平16井和蒲平48井2口水平井成功进行了现场应用,取得了良好效果。     

海鞘内生真菌焦曲霉Aspergillus ustus TK-5的化学成分研究

焦曲霉(Aspergillusustus)TK-5是分离自土耳其海域海鞘(Pyuramomus)新鲜组织中的一株内生真菌,利用正相与反相硅胶柱层析、葡聚糖凝胶Sephadex LH-20柱层析以及高效液相制备等色谱方法从其发酵产物中分离得到17个化合物,通过一维、二维核磁共振、质谱等技术鉴定了所有化合物的结构,分别为血苋烷型倍半萜类化合物strobilactone A(1), ustusolate E(2), ustusolate C(3), ustusolate D(4),11-hydroustusolate E(5), 11, 6’-hydroustusolate E(6),(2’E, 4’E, 6’E)-6-(1’-carboxyocta-2’, 4’, 6’-triene)-11,12-epoxy-9, 11-dihydroxydrim-7-ene(7), 12-hydroxy-6-epi-albrassitriol (8), ustusolate A (9), deoxyuvidin B(10)和二倍半萜类化合物6-epi-ophiobolinG(11),(6α)-21,21-O-dihydroophiobolinG(12),6-epi-ophiobolin K(13), ophiobolin P(14) ophiobolin H(15), ophiobolin Q(16)及ophiobolin R(17)。活性筛选表明化合物2、6、7、9、11和13对神经氨酸酶具有一定的抑制活性,其半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为31.8、37.3、28.4、36.8、46.6和37.6μmol/L。     

黄酮化合物对球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)生长和光合活性的影响

近年来,我国近岸海域赤潮暴发日益频繁,严重危害海洋生态环境、渔业及近海旅游业等海洋经济的发展,也给人类健康带来了威胁。本文研究了两种黄酮化合物槲皮素和杨梅素对我国赤潮暴发种球形棕囊藻生长的影响,并利用调制叶绿素荧光技术探究藻细胞光合作用PSⅡ反应中心光合活性对黄酮胁迫的响应。结果表明:槲皮素和杨梅素均能有效抑制球形棕囊藻的生长(半抑制浓度IC50,5d值分别为0.068和0.309mg/L);槲皮素(16.0mg/L)在第5天对藻细胞的抑制率达到最大(89.38%±0.42%),杨梅素(16.0mg/L)在第7天对藻细胞的抑制率达到最大(84.76%±1.82%);相较于杨梅素胁迫,球形棕囊藻的光合作用对槲皮素胁迫更敏感[0.20mg/L槲皮素胁迫7天后,最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m)、实际光化学量子产量(Yield)、最大相对电子传递速率(rETR_(max))和光能利用效率(α)值分别降低18%、14%、24%和28%]。研究结果以期为赤潮暴发的防治技术提供基础的理论科学参考。