现场软土欠固结程度孔压消散试验评价方法

原位测试技术分析软土的应力历史可以避免取样及室内土工试验对土样的扰动,其结果能真实地反映现场土体的工程特性。以往基于孔压静力触探（CPTU）测试技术的超固结比（OCR）计算方法主要是针对超固结土取得的,缺乏对现场处于欠固结状态土体的考虑,具有一定的局限性。在已有研究成果的基础上,提出采用不完全孔压消散曲线的末段及时间平方根倒数外推法计算原位初始孔压,如果初始孔压大于静水压力,表明原位土层中存在固有孔压,为欠固结土。在此基础上,通过计算固结状态参数,可进一步对软土层的欠固结程度进行定量评价。工程应用表明,该方法不受软土性质和地域限制,具有普遍适用性,是合理可行的。在缺乏室内固结试验成果的情况下,可高效快捷地判别软土层的固结状态。研究成果对合理评价欠固结软土的工程特性具有一定的指导意义。     

Improved rotational hardening rule for cohesive soils and definition of inherent anisotropy

Improved, microfabric‐inspired rotational hardening rules for the plastic potential and bounding surfaces associated with the generalized bounding surface model for cohesive soils are presented. These hardening rules include 2 new functions, f_η and , that improve the simulation of anisotropically consolidated cohesive soils. Three model parameters are associated with the improved hardening rules. A detailed procedure for obtaining suitable values for these parameters is presented. The first 2 parameters affect the simulation of constant stress ratio loading where, because of the presence of f_η, the third parameter is inactive. The second new function, , accelerates the rotation of the plastic potential and bounding surfaces during shearing, which is particularly important for overconsolidated soils tested in extension. This paper also describes the proper manner in which to define the inherent anisotropy. This seemingly straightforward test has rarely been discussed in sufficient detail.     

铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻生物光学模型

选取太湖"水华"优势藻类即蓝藻门中的铜绿微囊藻和绿藻门中的斜生栅藻作为研究对象,利用AC-S分别测量两种纯藻的吸收系数和散射系数对铜绿微囊藻和斜生栅藻的固有光学属性进行定性和定量分析,并建立其生物光学模型.结果表明:铜绿微囊藻的藻红蛋白吸收带和斜生栅藻的藻蓝蛋白吸收带的光谱吸收特性的差异性较为明显;粒径相对较小的铜绿微囊藻的包裹效应、吸收系数对散射系数的影响程度要明显小于粒径较大的斜生栅藻,铜绿微囊藻吸收系数的P-L模型的线性斜率和幂指数要大于斜生栅藻的吸收系数模型系数;由于散射系数受吸收系数影响程度的不同,使得散射系数光学模型变量因子具有一定的差异,受吸收系数影响较小的铜绿微囊藻的变量因子为波段比值λ_0/λ,λ_0为参考波长,而受吸收系数影响较大的斜生栅藻的变量因子为吸收系数比值a(λ_0)/a(λ),a(λ_0)为参考波段吸收系数,a(λ)为波长为λ的吸收系数,两种藻类的散射模型都符合国际上通用的S-P模型形式.     

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基于半分析算法的赤潮水体固有光学性质反演

在珠江口海域海洋光学浮标实验期间获取了赤潮生消过程的水体光学数据和相应的生化数据.利用该实验数据开展了准分析算法(quasi-analytical algorithm,QAA)反演赤潮水体固有光学参数的精度检验和模型修正工作.(1)利用遥感反射率和QAA反演主要水色波段(412,443,490,510,560,620和...     

Retrieval of inherent optical properties of the Yellow Sea and East China Sea using a quasi-analytical algorithm

We tested and modified the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA) using 57 groups of field data collected in the spring of 2003 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The QAA performs well in deriving total absorption coefficients of typical coastal waters. The average percentage difference (APD) is in a range of 13.9%–38.5% for the total absorption coefficient (13.9% at 440 nm), and differences in particle backscattering coefficient bbp(λ) are less than 50% (in the case of the updated QAA). To obtain improved res...     

浅层地下水水位动态模拟与中长期预报

用多元回归与自相关相结合对浅层地下水动态进行模拟预报,并对该方法的物理意义加以阐明.     

从鲁04井频率接收试验分析其地震波响应特征

通过鲁04井的频率特性的试验,具体求出了鲁04井含水层系统的频率特性参数:固有振动周期为40.59S,阻尼系数为0.0362S~(-1),振动品质因数为2.14。依此解释和分析了鲁04井的地震波响应特征。     

用于海洋-大气辐射传递计算的光学参数数据库

开发和建立了用于海洋-大气辐射传递计算的光学参数数据库.它包括海中主要成分(纯海水、浮游植物、悬移质、可溶有机物)的固有光学参数(光谱吸收系数、光谱散射系数等)及大气中主要气溶胶的有关光学参数.在这些光学参数中,大多数是来自现场的直接测量,一些是间接测量获取,还有一些是通过理论计算得到.     

Investigation of influence of particle characteristics on the non‐coaxiality of anisotropic granular materials using DEM

As a result of deposition process and particle characteristics, granular materials can be inherently anisotropic. Many researchers have strongly suggested that the inherent anisotropy is the main reason for the deformation non‐coaxiality of granular materials. However, their relationships are not unanimous because of the limited understanding of the non‐coaxial micro‐mechanism. In this study, we investigated the influence of inherent anisotropy on the non‐coaxial angle using the discrete element method. Firstly, we developed a new discrete element method approach using rough elliptic particles and proposed a novel method to produce anisotropic specimens. Secondly, the effects of initial specimen density and particle characteristics, such as particle aspect ratio A _m, rolling resistance coefficient β , and bedding plane orientation δ , were examined by a series of biaxial tests and rotational principal axes tests. Findings from the numerical simulations are summarized as follows: (1) the peak internal friction angle ? _p and the non‐coaxial angle i both increase with the initial density, A _m and β , and they both increase initially and then decrease with δ in the range of 0–90°; (2) among the particle characteristics, the influence of A _m is the most significant; and (3) for anisotropic specimens, the non‐coaxial angle can be calculated using the double slip and rotation rate model. Then, an empirical formula was proposed based on the simulation results to depict the relationship between the non‐coaxial angle and the particle characteristics. Finally, the particle‐scale mechanism of non‐coaxiality for granular materials was discussed from the perspective of energy dissipation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.