天津市地震前兆台网的运行监控与维护管理

介绍天津市地震前兆台网的基本概况以及前兆台网部的职责任务;阐述仪器设备运行监控、观测数据质量监控的方式与方法;总结在仪器设备、技术系统维护过程中解决的一些关键技术问题;最后提出了关于仪器和软件系统的一些问题与建议。     

贝叶斯判别方法在叠前反演数据解释中的应用

通过开展贝叶斯判别理论在叠前反演数据解释中的应用研究来提高储层预测的准确性。以岩石物理模拟、叠前反演处理和概率密度函数建立作为该技术的关键,基于贝叶斯理论利用测井和岩石物理模拟数据作为先验信息,利用反演成果作为基本数据估计不同岩相的分布概率。该技术充分利用概率和统计作为处理地质不确定性的工具定量解释繁多的叠前反演成果,用这种方法对岩相进行表征和识别,更加适合地质复杂性和多解性特点。火成岩储层预测中的应用表明,贝叶斯判别理论对储层含气性表征更加准确,解决了储层含气性预测难题。     

An automated approach to vertical road characterisation using mobile LiDAR systems: Longitudinal profiles and cross-sections

The characterisation the vertical profiles and cross-sections of roads is important for the verification of proper construction and road safety assessment. The goal of this paper is the extraction of geometric parameters through the automatic processing of mobile LiDAR system (MLS) point clouds. Massive and complex datasets provided by the MLS are processed using a hierarchical strategy that includes segmentation, principal component analysis (PCA)-based orthogonal regression, filtering and parameter extraction procedures. Best-fit geometric parameters act as a vertical road model for both linear parameters (slope and vertical curves) and cross-sections (superelevations). The proposed automatic processing approach gives satisfactory results for the analysed scenario.     

面向对象和DEM的ZY-1 02C影像湿地提取研究

本文运用面向对象分类与DEM数据相结合的方法,对资源卫星一号02C卫星遥感影像进行湿地提取。探索了基于对象与DEM信息的提取技术,在02C影像湿地的提取应用,对研究我国国产卫星在湿地监测和保护方面有重要的意义。研究结果表明：（1）面向对象的遥感影像信息提取方法,可同时兼顾影像光谱信息及空间信息,适用于02C影像的湿地提取,精度得到明显提高;（2）基于对象与DEM信息的提取方法,使沼泽地与草地相混淆的现象明显减轻,湿地分类精度进一步提高,该方法适用于高分辨率遥感影像的湿地提取研究;（3）基于对象与DEM信息提取的水田、水体、沼泽地及河滩的精度,分别为88.46%、97.44%、86.96%和83.33%,满足资源卫星一号02C遥感影像对湿地进行监测和保护的需要。     

Deep dynamical processes in the central-southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—Receiver functions and travel-time residuals analysis of north Hi-Climb

Teleseismic receiver functions and travel-time residuals along the north Hi-Climb broadband seismic array in the central-southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau show that the lithosphere structures in the central and western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are different. In the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Indian Plate is northward subducted beneath the Qiangtang block and arrives at the greatest depth beneath the central-southern Qiangtang block. The delaminated Indian lithospheric slab remains beneath the central Lhasa block to a depth possibly greater than that of the upper interface of the mantle transform zone. In the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Indian lithospheric plate is gently northward subducted and may have arrived to the south of Tarim plate. Due to the resistance from the gently northward subduction of the Indian mantle lithosphere in the western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the upwelling mantle material be-neath the Qiangtang block moves mostly toward the east to bring about the lateral eastward flow of the deep mantle hot material in the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.     

ASTER数据的煤矿区水体信息提取

为实现多光谱数据对煤矿区水体信息提取,以萍乡市芦新岭及周边煤矿为试验区,在国内外学者对水体指数法提取水体信息和应用的启发下,对试验区不同地物的波谱特征进行分析。本文首先利用数学统计方法建立一种ASTER数据综合归一化差异水体指数模型SWI ASTER_xy,然后利用这一模型对试验区进行水体信息提取。试验表明,该模型能够有效地提取矿区各类水体,还可以运用在ASTER数据（或其他多光谱数据）对不同区域不同地物的提取,在遥感地物定量提取上具有很好的效果和潜力,具有一定的推广价值。     

Observations and Estimations of Directional Spectrum of Sea Waves

The directional spectrum is one of the basic characteristics of sea waves. The observations of directional spectrum of sea waves were successfully conducted at platform Bohai 8 during 1991 and 1992 using a wave gage array for the first time in China. Based on the field data, the directional spectrum which depends on the wave growth is given in this paper. Before observations, the effects of the type of gage array, the distance between the gages and the platform itself on the measured results and the precision of some methods for estimating the directional spectrum were investigated and compared with the methods of numerical simulations and model tests of multi-direcitonal irregular waves. This ensures the quality of the observations and estimations of the directional spectrum.     

浅析GIS的地下管线查询与管理系统

城镇地下管线就像是城镇的脉络,对于城镇的运转非常重要,肩负着为城镇运送物质能量、输出废弃物的重要使命。随着城镇的扩建,敷设于地下的管线不断向周围扩张,其规模不断膨胀,因此,也变得越来越复杂。传统的管线管理方式不仅数据的查询效率低,导致因管线错挖而造成的爆管事故频发,而且不能及时准确地进行应急处理。所以在告别传统落后的地下管线管理方式的同时,我们应思考如何能够更好的管理大量的地下管线数据,从而提高了数据的查询与应急管理的效率,为城镇规划和发展提供更好的支撑作用。     

非饱和黄土土-水特征曲线与渗透系数Childs & Collis-Geroge模型预测

我国黄土厚度大,黄土地区地下水位深,降雨量少,黄土多处于非饱和状态,土-水特征曲线是非饱和黄土应力状态、强度及渗透性研究的基础。以陇东高原马兰黄土为试验对象,采用张力计法测定原状土样的土-水特征曲线,采用三种理论模型对试验数据拟合,其中Gardner模型简单、参数少,但Fredlund & Xing模型拟合效果最好。基于已测得的土-水特征曲线,采用Childs & Collis-Geroge预测非饱和渗透系数的模型,计算得到非饱和黄土渗透系数与基质吸力或含水率的关系,发现黄土从饱和到非饱和,其渗透系数急剧降低,黄土非饱和渗透系数与基质吸力或体积含水率的关系均可用指数函数表示。本文对典型黄土土-水特征曲线的研究及渗透性的预测为黄土工程问题,如降雨入渗的边坡稳定性评价、非饱和地基湿陷变形计算等提供理论基础。