积水沉陷区水体的表观光学特性参数测量与分析

通过实际测量试验区的积水沉陷区水深值,了解水体光学特性随水深不同而引起的衰减特征变化,建立水深与光谱特性响应间的关系表达式,确定获取水深信息的最佳波谱范围;揭示了叶绿素、悬浮物质、CDOM等水体组分与水体光谱特征变化的关系,探讨因水体各主要组分变化而引起的水体光谱吸收光谱、散射光谱的变化规律.     

导航电子地图生产过程中的质量控制方法

从分析导航电子地图数据特点和质量特性入手,给出导航电子地图生产过程中从检测标准、质控设置、检验手段到质量改进的质量控制过程。     

不同截止高度角下BDS-3SPP精度分析

针对卫星可见数与历元可用率较低情况下的BDS-3定位性能,本文基于MEGX跟踪站BDS-3与GPS实测数据,分析了不同高度角（10°、20°、30°、40°）下BDS-3卫星B1I、B1C、B2a、B3I,以及GPS系统L1频率的单点定位（SPP）精度。研究发现,BDS-3平均卫星可见数与卫星空间几何构型优于GPS,且随着高度角的增加呈线性变化。BDS-3的4个频率的SPP精度随着高度角的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,高度角为20°时,定位精度最高,高度角达到40°时,定位精度最低,且历元可用率也最低;但B1I和B3I历元可用率仍大于90%,而B1C和B2a历元可用率大于70%;不论是SPP定位精度还是历元可用率,均优于GPS系统L1频率。     

顾及垂直递减率函数的中国区域大气加权平均温度模型

大气加权平均温度(T_m)是全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)水汽监测的关键参数。针对中国区域地形起伏较大的特点,本文构建了顾及精细季节变化的T_m垂直递减率函数模型,在此基础上,利用2007—2014年的Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) atmosphere格网数据建立了中国区域的T_m格网新模型(简称为CT_m模型)。以2015年GGOS格网数据和无线电探空资料为参考值,对CT_m模型进行精度检验,并与常用的Bevis公式和GPT2w模型进行比较分析。结果表明:①以GGOS格网数据为参考值,CT_m模型的年均偏差和均方根误差(RMS)分别为-0.52 K和3.28 K,相比于GPT2w-5和GPT2w-1模型,精度(RMS值)分别提高了27%和13%;②以探空数据为参考值,CT_m模型的年均偏差和RMS误差分别为0.26 K和3.75 K,相对于GPT2w-5和GPT2w-1模型,精度分别提高了21%和1...     

Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific

The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO₂ and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06 kg m⁻³, and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20°N between potential densities 27.06-27.40 kg m⁻³. CFC-12 inventories are 16.0×10⁶ moles for SAMW and 8.7×10⁶ moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.3±2.1 Sv for SAMW and 5.8±1.7 Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.4±0.6 Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.7±2.2 Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW.     

线翼截断方式对大气辐射计算的影响

在大气辐射传输计算方法中,有3种基本方法,即,逐线积分方法,k-分布方法和带模式方法。其中,逐线积分方法是最精确的计算大气透过率的方法,本文根据透过率计算方式的不同,将逐线积分方法分为追线积分法和追点积分法。由于逐线积分计算需要耗费大量的计算时间,在大气遥感和大气探测业务中使用时,必须减少计算成本,提高计算速度。本文在追线积分法的基础上,给出了简化的逐线积分的基本方法,在保证同样计算精度的同时,大大提高了计算速度。对在精确的和简化的逐线积分下,不同线翼截断方式(CUTOFF)对吸收系数、大气透过率和冷却率的影响进行了更详细的探讨。通过数值试验发现,对谱线线翼的截断方式是影响辐射计算精度和计算速度的重要因子。在不同压力下,用CUTOFF=2计算的吸收系数误差最大;对CUTOFF=1,在大多数取样点上误差都小于2%;对CUTOFF=3或4,对绝大多数取样点上计算的吸收系数误差都在5%以内,但所用的计算时间却明显减少。大气低层的透过率对不同的计算方法和不同的线翼截断方式不敏感;对大气高层,无论是对精确的还是简化的逐线积分方法,当CUTOFF=2时的透过率结果与其他线翼截断方式的结果差别较大。通过比较,本文给出线翼截断的优选方案。     

Predicting reach‐specific properties of fluvial terraces to guide future fieldwork. A case study for the Late Quaternary River Allier (France) with the FLUVER2 model

Numerical models have not yet systematically been used to predict properties of fluvial terrace records in order to guide fieldwork and sampling. This paper explores the potential of the longitudinal profile model FLUVER2 to predict testable field properties of the relatively well‐studied, Late Quaternary Allier system in France. For the Allier terraces an overlapping ¹⁴C and U‐series chronology as well as a record of ¹⁰Be erosion rates exist. The FLUVER2 modelling exercise is focused on the last 50 ka of the upper Allier reach because for this location and period the constraints of the available dating techniques are tightest. A systematic calibration based on terrace occurrence and thicknesses was done using three internal parameters related to (1) the sediment erodibility; (2) the sediment transport distance; and (3) the sediment supply derived from the surrounding landscape. As external model inputs, the best available, reconstructed, tectonic, climatic and base‐level data were used. Calibrated model outputs demonstrate a plausible match with the existing fluvial record. Validation of model output was done by comparing the modelled and measured timing of aggradation and incision phases for the three locations. The modelled range of landscape erosion rates showed a reasonably good match with existing erosion rate estimates derived from ¹⁰Be measurements of fluvial sands. The quasi‐validated model simulation was subsequently used to make new testable predictions about the timing and location of aggradation and erosion phases for three locations along the Allier river. The validated simulations predict that along the Allier, reach‐specific dynamics of incision and aggradation, related to the variations in sediment supply by major tributaries, cause relevant differences in the local fluvial terrace stratigraphy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种新型综合检测设备的研制

介绍了一种集误码测试仪、数字示波器、调制解调器测试、24位采集器测试4大功能于一体的综合性检测设备,其适用于有线传输、无线传输的各类数字地震台及台网使用。本文阐述了该仪器的工作原理、硬件结构和主要功能。     

某金矿区农田土壤重金属元素Pb的累积速率

以某金矿区农田土壤重金属Pb为研究对象,分别以2004和2012年采集样品的测试结果作为计算农田土壤重金属Pb累积速率的依据,以2004—2012年作为计算时间区间,以农田土壤重金属Pb的累积速率为研究内容,采用对比分析方法,分析区域Pb的累积速率特征,阐明人类工程活动极大地影响着农田土壤重金属Pb的累积过程。研究结果表明,全区农田土壤Pb平均累积速率为31.8mg/kg·a-1。选取选矿厂、冶炼厂、尾矿库、污水灌溉区、车载尾矿弃渣等典型污染源,对周边农田土壤Pb累积的时空变化特征进行分析。结果显示,选矿厂对农田土壤Pb累积的影响最大,其周边农田土壤Pb累积速率相当于全区Pb累积速率的4倍,该结论对防治重金属污染及保障人体健康具有实际指导意义。     

海水盐度对牙鲆仔稚鱼的生长、存活率及白化率的影响

１９９３年１１月２０日自鹿儿岛养殖业购得自然产卵获得的牙鲆受精卵，经空运、陆驼至福冈的九州大学附属水产试验所，仔鱼翌日孵出，３ｄ后开口。以此材料观察研究试验室条件下不同海水盐度对牙鲆仔稚鱼的生长，存活率及白化率的影响。试验分４组，盐度分别为：１组（自然海水对照组），３０．５－３１．８；２组，２６．０：３组，２１．０；４组，１６．０。每组设２个重复，使用１００１透明玻璃钢水槽，每槽放２０００尾刚开口