垃圾土一维压缩修正公式及有机物降解验证试验研究

针对垃圾填埋场沉降计算问题,考虑垃圾土中有机物降解及对降解过程中重度变化,在张振营压缩量计算方法的基础上推导了垃圾土一维压缩计算的修正公式;通过垃圾土有机物降解试验和计算分析,研究了有机物的降解规律;以相同配比的垃圾土进行了垃圾土柱的沉降和计算参数试验,对推导的垃圾土一维压缩计算修正公式进行了验证。研究表明,修正的计算公式能考虑更多的影响因素,有机物的降解规律可以用Richards生物生长规律来模拟,修正的计算公式能够合理地计算出垃圾土沉降的过程。     

Global ellipsoid-referenced topographic,bathymetric and stripping corrections to gravity disturbance

This paper revisits several aspects of defining and computing the anomalous gravity data for purposes of gravimetric inversion/interpretation. Attention is paid to evaluation of a refined global topographic correction to the gravity disturbance based on the reference ellipsoid (RE) and constant reference density for solid topography onshore and sea water density for liquid topography offshore. The global bathymetric correction is discussed. Two issues associated with compilation and inversion of bathymetrically and topographically corrected gravity disturbances in regions of negative ellipsoidal (geodetic) heights are pointed out: the evaluation of normal gravity and the harmonic continuation of the gravity data. Stripping, the removal of an effect of a known density contrast, is considered also for additional geological elements such as lakes, glaciers, sedimentary basins, isostatic mountain roots, etc. The stripping corrections are discussed in the context of the gravimetric inverse problem.     

利用地倾斜固体潮汐资料提取异常的新方法

地倾斜固体潮分析中根据固体潮汐的畸变、趋势、上升、下降、转折等变化特征,提取地震前兆异常信息。本文基于地倾斜固体潮汐可计算的特点和时程变化特征,提出一种新的地倾斜异常提取定量方法和指标。经过对延庆地倾斜固体潮观测资料的初步分析表明,预测误差比特征参量在中强地震前存在明显的前兆变化,说明预测误差比特征参量的计算模型是合理的,结果是有意义的。     

基于固体潮的地震模拟预警系统的初步设计

基于地震震中所受日月和行星引潮力及其参数的分布特征,提出一种行星地球地震模拟预警系统的模型及设计方案.该模型理论上可方便地提供任何地点的地震预警信息,并试图成为地震研究的辅助手段.采用NEIC提供的1973～2003年全球完整的4018次M≥6级地震数据,建成其测试版,并作初步检测,其中包括对1976年唐山地震和2004年印度洋地震的检验,以及模拟对美国旧金山地区所作10年(2006～2015年)6级以上的强震预测.     

淤泥堆场人工硬壳层地基极限承载力室内模拟研究

针对淤泥堆场利用淤泥固化技术制作的人工硬壳层（MMC）地基的极限承载力问题,利用模型试验研究了人工硬壳层的无侧限抗压强度、厚度以及淤泥的不排水强度对这种人工硬壳层地基极限承载力的影响规律。结果表明,淤泥上覆人工硬壳层地基的极限承载力随人工硬壳层的无侧限抗压强度的增加呈指数增加的趋势,随硬壳层厚度的增加呈现出线性增加的趋势。     

生态产业园区的循环经济发展框架——以宁波化工区为例

在积极实践循环经济的探索之中,各地在产业集中区建立由共生企业群组成的生态产业园区成为重要的行动之一,并已经取得了显著的成效。整合已有的生态产业园区发展规划思路,以循环经济理论和产业生态学原理为指导,通过园区的产业组织、空间规划、环境管理、公用辅助设施集成和文化认同等五个方面,构建宁波化学工业区在循环经济领域的概念性发展框架,并提出相应的发展策略。     

声波从海底沉积层上的反射

假设海底为一液态层复盖一孔隙弹性固体半空间,用声阻抗的概念,导出了其上的声反射系数的唯象公式。再将松散的沙（泥）质沉积物中的声阻抗的表式用于液态层,建立了反射系数与沙（泥）质沉积物的具体参数的联系。文末对高声频情况下的海底上的声反射系数进行了简化。并对几个特例作了数值计算。     

Determination of experimentally enriched15N in nitrate nitrogen based on an improved method of azo dye formation

A method has been developed for determination of¹⁵N isotope ratio in nitrate nitrogen, which is a major analytical step in tracer experiments for studies of nitrate metabolism in the marine environment. The method is based on diazotization of nitrite with sulfanilic acid following reduction of nitrate to nitrite by a cadmium-copper column. The diazonium compound is then subject to the azo coupling reaction with 2-naphthol, and the azo dye formed is extracted by a solid phase extraction column. The dye eluted from the column is collected, and total nitrogen and¹⁵N content of the dye are determined by mass spectrometry. Sulfanilic acid can also remove preexisting nitrite by heating the sample under acidic conditions before passing through the cadmium-copper reduction column. The average recovery of nitrate nitrogen was 86%. A procedure for reducing the background nitrogen that derives from the analytical operations has been developed; background nitrogen was limited to about 0.25 μg-atomN. The variation in the background nitrogen levels reflects the range of error in¹⁵N determination of nitrate nitrogen by this method. Application of the present method to a¹⁵NO₃ ⁻ isotope dilution experiment for determination of nitrification rate in sea water is demonstrated.     

The use of natural analogues to assess radionuclide transport

Predicting the long-term safety and performance of a repository for intermediate- to high-level radioactive wastes requires the evaluation of various scenarios which may influence the integrity of the repository system. One such scenario, radionuclide transport, is described, and some of the geochemical processes which serve to enhance or retard transport are illustrated with examples selected from natural analogue or natural system studies. These studies, as distinct from laboratory simulations, help considerably in understanding how near- and far-field radionuclide transport mechanisms work over geological timescales (thousands to hundreds of thousands of years), more in line with the anticipated lifespan of a repository.

Processes addressed include: stability of the spent fuel UO₂ matrix; bentonite backfill as a barrier to radionuclide diffusion; retention of radionuclides by absorption on fracture minerals; transport and diffusion of radionuclides controlled by interconnected bedrock porosity; geochemical influence and behaviour of repository construction materials on radionuclide transport.     

Textural evolution in the transition from subsolidus annealing to melting process, Velay Dome, French Massif Central

Petrographic analysis is a useful, but underused tool to aid in distinguishing between subsolidus and anatetic-related textures in migmatites. This study focuses on assessing the relative contributions of these two processes in the development of migmatitic orthogneiss textures in the Velay Massif, French Massif Central. The results of this study show that subsolidus processes are more important in the development of migmatitic textures in the orthogneiss than anatectic leucosome development. Four textural stages are identified from the mylonitic non-anatectic orthogneiss, annealed, migmatitic orthogneiss to diatexite. The monomineralic K-feldspar and plagioclase–muscovite banding was transformed with increasing temperature to polymineralic plagioclase–quartz–muscovite and K-feldspar–quartz–muscovite layers by the wetting of feldspar boundaries during heterogeneous nucleation of quartz from a fluid phase at high surface energy triple points. A further increase of temperature led to the growth of K-feldspar probably related to production of small amounts of melt in plagioclase rich aggregates, controlled by muscovite abundance. Solid state annealing processes in conjunction with incipient anatexis resulted in the formation of apparent granitic-like textures in plagioclase dominated aggregates. By contrast, in K-feldspar dominated aggregates exclusively subsolidus processes prevail, leading to the development of coarse grained leucosome. With the onset of biotite dehydration melting the plagioclase-dominated aggregates are destroyed by the melt whereas the K-feldspar aggregates may be preserved.