重庆经济区划及分区发展问题研究

文章通过对重庆经济区划的分析评价,提出经济区划的原则及标准,对重庆经济区划体系提出了新观点,并对经济区发展问题提出了自己的看法。     

基于循环经济的企业发展与布局问题探讨

该文探讨循环经济对企业布局指向的影响,即原料指向削弱、集聚经济指向转为集聚循环经 济指向和布局指向不明企业增多的趋势减弱.认为实现规模循环经济效益是公司增长的重要 动因之一,横向一体化、闭环一体化和基于产业生态联系的多样化是基于循环经济的公司增 长战略与方法;重污染企业不仅可以进入生态工业园区,而且是目前中国生态工业园区产业 选择的重点之一.分析基于循环经济的公司空间结构,并探讨3种类型生态工业园在中国的 具体应用,认为近期应以逐步推广现有改造型生态工业园和虚拟型生态工业园为主,辅以全新型生态工业园,尤其要重视3种类型生态工业园的结合.     

Numerical modelling of in situ behaviour of the Callovo–Oxfordian argillite subjected to the thermal loading

To enhance the understanding of thermal impact on the in situ behaviour of the Callovo–Oxfordian argillite, this paper presents an interpretation of an in situ heating experiment carried out in the Meuse/Haute Marne Underground Research Laboratory (M/HM URL). The argillite was heated successively by two constant heating powers: 277 W and 925 W. When subjected to thermal loading, the argillite exhibits an important volume change and a strong pore pressure response that significantly affect its hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. Numerical analysis has been performed by using a coupled theoretical formulation that incorporates a constitutive model especially developed for this material. Based on Biot's theory, this model includes the influence of interstitial pressure on the mechanical behaviour. The simulation obtained reproduces satisfactorily the results of the in situ experiment and the main observed patterns of behaviour. The interpretation and discussion of numerical results provide additional data that can help us to understand the thermo-hydromechanical behaviour concepts of saturated argillite formation.     

中国三维固体地球可视化网站的规划与设计

建立固体地球结构可视化网站是当今全球地球科学研究的迫切要求．在国家自然科学基金委的资助下．中国三维固体地球结构网站紧跟国际潮流,应运而生．该网站利用三维可视化成像技术和计算技术,综合我国现有地球物理观测资料,为研究者提供了一个可方便获取数据和交互处理图像的平台．在技术上．该网站采用交互式开放结构,用户可以按自己的需要和研究目的,下载或上传数据．实时处理数据和显示图像结果．并对计算过程进行交互控制和引导,充分提高地学数据的利用效率．     

不同界线符号实部相交的自动化处理方法

制图规范中要求不同界线实部相交,然而当前制图软件多未考虑界线相交处虚线的处理,而且国内外文献针对实部相交的研究较少,尚未形成完整的解决方案,基于此,本文根据单元循环配置法绘制地图线状符号的基本思想,首先拆分原始单元块,然后分解原始的数据图层,最后将新单元块和新图层对应配置,并据此设计了自动化处理方法。通过实际数据验证了算法的有效性和合理性,该方法顾及了不同等级、不同类别界线的差异,并通过自动化的处理方法提高了地图编辑的效率。     

新疆昌吉庙煤1井钻探施工技术

新疆昌吉市庙尔沟一带煤层气资源调查评价项目地质调查井工程,设计井深2500 m,要求全井取心。存在地层取心困难、漏失、缩径、冬季施工困难等问题。通过采取特种取心工具、加大钻头外径加大环状间隙、冬季施工使用油汀加热等工艺技术措施以及针对性的施工组织管理措施,有效地解决了钻井技术难题和后勤供应问题。为该区域煤层气资源调查评价提供了有力的实物资料。     

固体进样——总有机碳分析仪法直接测定海水中的颗粒有机碳

海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)是联系海洋生命与非生命过程最重要的参数之一,其在全球碳循环的作用异常重要,准确获取海水中颗粒有机碳的含量是揭示其重要作用的前提。目前,元素分析仪测定POC是其准确测定最常用的方法,但元素分析仪分析海水中颗粒有机碳过滤的膜样时,存在包样困难、滤膜对反应管损坏严重、灰分难以清理等问题,严重影响仪器的正常使用。本文采用总有机碳分析仪固体进样装置建立了海水中颗粒有机碳的分析方法,优化了样品前处理过程,对玻璃纤维膜进行了空白校正,考察了酸化方式和时间对测定结果的影响,方法检出限为CL(C)=0.019%。对青岛近海三个不同采样站位海水样品POC的测定结果相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.95%~2.66%(n=12),结果重复性好,精密度高,经国家标准样品水系沉积物GDS-9验证,结果与标准值符合,表明方法准确可靠,能满足海水中的颗粒有机碳(POC)的准确测定要求。所建立的方法完全克服了常规元素分析仪测定POC的弊端,同时降低了仪器的维护成本。     

疏水性螯合物固相萃取-原子吸收光谱法测定海水中5种重金属

海水重金属的含量变化与分布特征受海洋中生物地球化学过程控制。海水重金属测定的难点在于海水盐度高且重金属含量低,需要进行分离、富集等样品前处理。常规前处理方法如溶剂萃取样品量大、操作繁琐,使用大量有机溶剂,对环境和操作者危害大;共沉淀法容易造成污染。本研究以吡咯烷基二硫代甲酸铵和二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠为螯合剂,采用商品化的固相萃取柱,分离海水中的镉、铜、铅、镍和锌5种重金属,原子吸收光谱法测定其含量。结果表明:5种元素工作曲线的相关性较好(R0.999),镉锌的线性范围分别为0~4!g/L和0~100!g/L,铅铜镍的线性范围为0~40!g/L;检出限(!g/L)分别为0.02、2.6、0.06、0.18、0.3,方法精密度高(RSD5%),加标回收率为93.8%~104%。本方法利用疏水性作用的固相萃取技术,实现了海水分析的绿色样品前处理。     

Interaction of fluid–solid–geomembrane by the material point method

A dynamic, large deformation problem of fluid–solid–geomembrane interaction is analysed by the use of material point method, a variant of the finite element method stated in a Lagrangian–Eulerian format. A low-order element is used for space discretisation and the fluid is treated as a compressible liquid with a high value of bulk modulus. Therefore, two algorithms known from literature are applied to mitigate the effects related to the volumetric locking phenomenon. Moreover, a procedure of detecting the free surface is proposed. The method is applied to problems of determining the shape of geo-tubes, collapsing water column, and finally, to the problem of installation of a geo-container on the bed of a water reservoir. The obtained numerical outcomes are compared with the experimental results and the analytic ones when available.     

Horizontal trench system effects on leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills

Horizontal trenches (HTs) are constructed during the waste filling for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills. Leachate distribution depends on HT configuration (i.e., spacing between successive HTs), leachate injection rate, modes of injection, and hydraulic properties and MSW heterogeneity. Presently, the effects of these variables on the moisture distribution have not been studied systematically. This study provides a systematic evaluation of the effect of the HTs variables on the moisture distribution and pore fluid pressures. A two-phase flow model is used to model a bioreactor landfill having an HT leachate injection system. It quantifies the effects of the unsaturated hydraulic properties and MSW heterogeneity, trench configuration, leachate injection flux, and mode of injection on hydraulic behaviour. The results show that unsaturated hydraulic conductivity and MSW heterogeneity significantly shape the zone of influence and excess pore pressures. Under heterogeneous-anisotropic conditions, the leachate migrates more laterally and the developed pore-pressures are lower than for homogeneous MSW. A closely-spaced, multi-level, staggered HT system is found to provide uniform and adequate moisture distribution in MSW. An intermittent mode of injection that alternates between the shallow and deep trenches with a higher leachate injection flow rate is found to be effective to control the excess pore pressures.