The Coarse-Grained Lacustrine Slope Apron Deposits in the Moliqing Area, Yitong Basin, Northeast China

Overlapping gravity accumulation bodies were formed on the northwestern steep slope of the Shuangyang Formation in the Moliqing fault depression of northeast China. This study analyzed in detail the spatial distribution of the lithofacies and lithofacies associations of these accumulation bodies based on more than 600 m of core sections, and summarized 12 major types of lithofacies and three types of lithofacies associations: (1) the proximal zone consists of gravelly debris flows dominated by alluvial channel conglomerates; (2) the middle zone is dominated by various gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits; and (3) the distal zone is dominated by mudstones with intercalations of sandy debris and turbidites. Combining with the grain size cumulative probability curves analysis, we determined the transformation of debris flows to sandy debris flows and to turbidity currents in the slope zone of the basin margin, and further proposed a lacustrine slope apron model that is characterized by (1) an inconstant multiple source (line source), (2) an alternation of gravity flow deposits and traction flow deposits dominated by periodical changes in a source flood flow system, and (3) the transformation of sandy debris flow deposits into distal turbidity current deposits. This sedimentary model may be applicable to other fault depressions for predicting reservoir distribution.     

Nonplanar multi-modal vibrations of fluid-conveying risers under shear cross flows

Risers/pipes conveying fluid are a typical kind of slender structures commonly used in marine engineering. It is of great academic significance and application value for us to evaluate and understand the vibration characteristics and nonlinear responses of these risers under the combined action of internal and external fluid flows. In this paper, the nonplanar vibrations and multi-modal responses of pinned-pinned risers in shear cross flow are numerically studied. With this objective in mind, the van der Pol wake oscillators are used to simulate the dynamical behavior of the vortex shedding in the wake. Two nonlinear equations of motion of the riser are proposed to govern the lateral responses of the riser structure. The nonplanar nonlinear equations for the riser and wake are then discretized by employing Galerkin's method and solved by using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration algorithm. Theoretical results show that the coupled frequencies for cross-flow (CF) and in-line (IL) motions and the corresponding coupled damping ratio could be influenced by the external and/or internal fluid velocities. Based on extensive calculations, the dynamical behavior of the riser with various internal and external flow velocities are presented in the form of bifurcation diagrams, time traces, phase portraits, oscillation trajectories and response spectrum curves. It is shown that some interesting dynamical phenomena, such as ‘lock-in’ state, ‘figure-of-eight’ trajectory and quasi-periodic oscillation, could occur in such a fluid-structure interaction system. Our results also demonstrate that the shear parameter can significantly affect the dynamic responses of the riser. When the shear parameter of the cross flow is large, multi-modal quasi-periodic responses of the riser can be excited, showing some new features undetected in the system of fluid-conveying risers in uniform cross flow.     

汉阴北部吴家湾金矿地质特征及流体包裹体研究

吴家湾金矿是汉阴北部地区的一个重要的金矿床,处于南秦岭石泉-神河韧性滑脱逆冲推覆带。对其进行野外地质研究发现,吴家湾金矿赋矿层位为梅子垭组第一岩性段第四岩性层（S1m14）,岩性主要为含碳绢云片岩夹硅质岩;控矿构造主要为RFa和RFb 2条顺层韧性剪切带,大致可分辨出S1、S2及S3 3期构造面理,S0几乎全部被置换,S2期变形与金矿成矿关系密切,金矿体主要于该期形成的韧性剪切带中产出。在地质研究基础上,可将吴家湾金矿区石英脉划分为3期,对流体包裹体的研究表明,包裹体类型以气液两相包裹体为主,纯气相、纯液相及三相包裹体较少见;均一温度范围介于176.8~344.4℃,集中于230~280℃。盐度范围为0.35%~13.51%,集中于2%~10%,成矿流体属于中-低温、低盐度流体。流体捕获深度在1.38~3.47 km,集中于1.5~2.8 km,于中浅部成矿。S2期石英脉流与成矿关系紧密,流体包裹体均一温度主要集中在240~280℃,为主成矿期流体。激光拉曼光谱分析表明气液两相包裹体液相成分以H2O为主,含少量CO2和CH4;气相成分主要为CO2,其次为CH4、N2及H2S;包裹体类型主要为富含CO2的H2O-CO2体系包裹体。对汉阴北部不同地区流体包裹体的性质进行对比研究后发现,流体包裹体均一温度为190~260℃,盐度为6%~10%,在这个区间内有利于成矿。     

地幔流体研究进展

介绍了在地幔流体的成分、源区、形成机制、运移方式和分异模式以及地幔流体与地幔交代作用、岩浆作用和成矿作用的关系等方面研究的一些新进展 ,总结了地幔流体的研究途径和方法的一些新突破 ,并指出了今后的重点研究方向。     

浮基多体系统自激运动响应的时域分析方法

浮基多体系统上部机构作业时不仅存在多体系统内部各物体间的耦合作用 ,还存在浮基与流场间的耦合作用。本文将浮基在流场中引起的辐射势表示为浮基加速度与时域规范化速度势乘积的卷积形式 ,导出流体动压力及静水系泊恢复力与浮基运动的关系。使用多刚体力学的凯恩方法得到系统的动力学方程。最后给出了在时域中数值求解系统运动响应的具体步骤     

矿物粉尘溶解行为的电镜研究及其生物化学意义

本文对用Ｇａｎｂｌｅ溶液、有机酸及无机强酸溶解后的矿物粉尘残余物进行了扫描电子显微镜分析。结果表明,矿物纤维粉尘纤维变短、长径比减小、柔性减弱、端部变圆,部分溶解成串珠状;粗大颗粒松散塌陷,表面粗糙度增加;片状粉为碎变细;硅酸盐矿物粉尘具有向以ＳｉＯ２为主要成分的纳米级近球形颗粒转化的趋势。故提出在纳米级别上研究粉尘致病机理是非常有价值的。     

西藏扎西康多金属矿床成矿过程中的流体性质演化初探

扎西康铅锌银锑多金属矿床是北喜马拉雅成矿带中重要的铅锌锑多金属矿床,对其成矿过程的研究对其深部资源预测具有重要的指导意义。本文通过野外地质调查结合成矿流体包裹体研究,获得该矿床成矿前硅化、成矿早期铁锰碳酸盐化、中早期毒砂黄铁矿化、中期含铅锌硅化、晚期含锑硅化和成矿后硅化方解石化的流体温度分别为297、280、264、251、215~247和183~237℃,盐度分别为17.80%、8.39%、6.50%、5.98%、2.75%-5.29%和4.28%Na Cleq(wt)。研究表明,成矿流体为顺断裂运移的具有显著岩浆贡献的中高温、中等盐度、较高硫逸度含CO2、CH4和N2的热液与中温低盐度下渗大气降水在断裂中混合的产物。两者的混合改变了流体温度、盐度和硫逸度等进而沉淀金属矿物形成矿体。锑矿化温度低于铅锌矿化温度,下部~247℃锑矿化的发现暗示深部有进一步找矿的空间。     

Process and Mechanisms of Deep Fluid Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Pore Space in Shale: A Case Study from the Mesoproterozoic Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan Section

Heat carried by deep fluid might greatly affect hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale. Dyke intrusion carrying high levels of heat may be a means by which to explore the influence of deep fluid on shale reservoirs. This study evaluates hydrocarbon generation and analyzed the evolution of shale storage space in the third member of the Xiamaling Formation in the Zhaojiashan section, Hebei Province, based on experimental data such as TOC, SEM, VRo, low-temperature N2 adsorption and high-pressure mercury injection. The results show that the dyke intrusion reduced the shale TOC content drastically―by up to 77%―and also induced instantaneous hydrocarbon generation over a range about 1.4 times the thickness of the intrusion. Furthermore, the dyke intrusion might transform organic pores in surrounding shales into inorganic pores. There were two shale porosity peaks: one appeared when VRo = 2.0%, caused by the increase of organic pores as thermal maturity increased, the other occurred when the VRo value was between 3% and 4%, caused by the increase of inorganic mineral pores. It can be concluded that dyke intrusion can be an effective tool with which to study how deep fluid affects instantaneous hydrocarbon generation and pore space in shale.     

文峪金矿矿床成因讨论

流体包裹体测温表明 ,文峪金矿成矿温度 180～ 45 0℃ ,为中高温热液。成矿压力 1.0×10 5～ 1.4× 10 5k Pa,根据静岩压力推算的成矿深度为 3.6～ 5 .2 km。包裹体盐度特征显示出成矿场内流体以深源流体为主 ,混合的地表渗透水所占比例约 10 %～ 15 %。文峪金矿成矿过程中导致矿质沉淀的主要因素是温度下降及由此导致的 CO2 - H2 O不混溶现象。文峪及小秦岭地区金矿床的成矿热液来源于与文峪花岗岩同源演化的深部岩浆热液。金矿的成矿时代为中生代中晚期     

氨氮胁迫对刺参几种免疫酶活性的影响

以养殖刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,对不同浓度的氨氮处理及病菌感染条件下刺参体腔液免疫酶的变化进行了测定.结果表明:随着氨氮处理强度的增加,刺参体腔液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)及溶菌酶(LSZ)活性呈现先升高后降低的趋势,而同时感染病菌的情况下,较低质量浓度的氨氮胁迫可使SOD、GPx、ALP及LSZ活性上升,但在较高浓度氨氮处理时,酶活性的诱导则受到抑制.说明适宜浓度的氨氮处理可增强刺参的免疫力,从而减轻病菌感染对刺参造成的免疫功能损伤和提高刺参抗病力.刺参在感染病原菌假交替单胞菌(Pseudoalte-romonas sp)的条件下,3 mg/L、4 mg/L和6 mg/L浓度的氨氮处理第6天,刺参的累积发病死亡率分别为44.4％、55.6％和72.2％,高于对照组,表明较高浓度的氨氮胁迫能够显著降低刺参的免疫力,增加对病原菌的易感性.因此,在刺参养殖过程中,氨氮浓度的调控具有重要的意义.