利用岩（矿）石化学成分计算其实际矿物组成和矿物成分

本文对目前各种矿物组成换算法系统调研基础上,提出了一种新的换算方法。该法基于岩(矿)石化学成分与其所组成矿物成分之间的质量平衡原理,并考虑岩石学相平衡原理、矿物结构-晶体化学原理,利用最小二乘法适步迭代以逼近实际矿物组成及其类质同象发育的矿物化学成分。本方法在思维上脱离了受“标准矿物”的限制,所计算结果基本上与实际岩(矿)石的矿物组成、类质同象发育的矿物成分相吻合。其计算由计算机进行,操作简便。     

移动GIS中GML数据压缩技术研究

目前利用GML实现多源异构移动GIS空间数据资源整合时,存在数据压缩的"瓶颈"问题。在分析移动计算环境中GML数据压缩特性(语义同构、时空拓扑特性保持以及自适应网络流量动态调整压缩结构)的基础上,利用语义编码构造整体空间,并通过语义空间聚类与小波变换分析,构建移动GIS中GML数据压缩模型。实验表明:该压缩模型在压缩比、直接读取压缩数据以及在无线网络上传输压缩数据3方面均具有较好的性能,对移动GIS数据共享集成的理论与技术研究具有一定的参考价值。     

不完备样本条件下基于支持向量回归模型的滑坡易发性评价

区域滑坡易发性评价对灾害中长期预测预报具有重要意义,在基于统计模型进行评价过程中,样本选取对评价结果有较大影响,构建较稳健的、受样本数量影响小的分析模型非常重要。本文以马来西亚热带雨林地区为例,选择坡度、坡向、地表曲率、地貌类型、岩性、构造、土地覆盖、道路和排水系统等9大要素作为评价因子,结合支持向量回归(SVR)模型计算研究区滑坡易发性指数,并探讨不完备样本条件下易发性评价方法,分析样本数量和评价精度之间的关系。结果显示,基于SVR模型进行该区滑坡易发性分析评价,其成功率验证法的描述精度约为95.9%;同时,样本数量的增减对分析精度影响较小;SVR方法是一种适于热带雨林地区高植被覆盖条件下的分析模型,可为今后同类地区的滑坡灾害管理工作提供支持。     

基于图像分割的双能CT不完备数据重建算法优化研究

本文针对基于图像分割的双能CT不完备数据重建算法,提出了图像分割过程和方程组求解环节是优化算法的两个关键点,同时给出了初步优化方法。初步实验结果表明这两方面因素选取的优劣将直接影响重建图像质量。因此,根据实际应用需求,如能改善这两方面因素,基于图像分割的双能CT不完备数据重建算法的重建性能将会进一步提高。     

贵州织金磷矿床中离子吸附型稀土的存在及初步定量

近年来研究表明贵州织金磷块岩矿床中伴生丰富的稀土主要以类质同象形式存在,其主要依据为稀土总量与磷含量的正相关性,而对独立稀土矿物与离子吸附型稀土两种赋存状态的认识目前仍然不清楚。本文通过利用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)稀土元素全分析、磷钼酸喹啉重量法磷分析、岩矿鉴定与实验室选矿试验等方法对该矿床中伴生稀土的赋存规律进行了研究。岩矿鉴定表明矿石中主要矿物成分为胶磷矿并含少量黏土矿物,但未发现独立的稀土矿物;磷与稀土全分析显示稀土总量及各分量都与磷含量呈正相关,从而验证并进一步表明了稀土主要以类质同象形式存在于胶磷矿中。通过研究原矿经选别后稀土与磷在精矿、尾矿和选液(尾矿水)中的分配对比及两者的含量关系来探讨稀土的赋存规律,结果显示磷仅分配于精矿和尾矿中未发生损失,而11.98%的稀土在强电解质硫酸盐的作用下从原矿中解离出来进入了选液,推断这部分稀土在原矿中未进入矿物晶格,而是呈离子态吸附于矿物表面,初步认为漫长时限与潮湿条件下的充分风化作用以及胶磷矿与黏土矿物所充当的吸附载体发挥了作用,表明织金磷矿中稀土总量的11.98%以离子吸附状态存在。综合各分析结果,织金磷矿伴生稀土各赋存状态中类质同象占主导,未发现独立稀土矿物,而离子吸附型稀土占一定的比例,故将稀土的离子吸附形式列为仅次于类质同象的第二大赋存状态。     

A method to measure enforcement effort in shipping with incomplete information

Current methods in the shipping industry to evaluate performance do not account for differences in fleet profiles of registries such as age, size or ship type and not for bad luck. This can lead to unfair evaluation of enforcement efforts of the international standards. Furthermore, incentives to improve performance are concentrated on decreasing detentions rather than incidents. This article proposes a new method to a longstanding problem to evaluate performance that rectifies shortcomings of the method currently used. The proposed method measures the enforcement effort by means of proxy variables and introduces incentives for improvement that go beyond the currently used 'detention'. The aim is to provide a fair and transparent way. The proposed method is applied and results are compared with methods currently used to demonstrate how the rankings change. The method can be adapted to other areas of the shipping industry such as classification societies or ship management companies.     

Experimental study and mathematical modelling of soluble chemical transfer from unsaturated/saturated soil to surface runoff

A one‐dimensional, two‐layer solute transport model is developed to simulate chemical transport process in an initially unsaturated soil with ponding water on the soil surface before surface runoff starts. The developed mathematical model is tested against a laboratory experiment. The infiltration and diffusion processes are mathematically lumped together and described by incomplete mixing parameters. Based on mass conservation and water balance equations, the model is developed to describe solute transport in a two‐zone layer, a ponding runoff zone and a soil mixing zone. The two‐zone layer is treated as one system to avoid describing the complicated chemical transport processes near the soil surface in the mixing zone. The proposed model was analytically solved, and the solutions agreed well with the experimental data. The developed experimental method and mathematical model were used to study the effect of the soil initial moisture saturation on chemical concentration in surface runoff. The study results indicated that, when the soil was initially saturated, chemical concentration in surface runoff was significantly (two orders of magnitude) higher than that with initially unsaturated soil, while the initial chemical concentrations at the two cases were of the same magnitude. The soil mixing depth for the initially unsaturated soil was much larger than that for the initially saturated soil, and the incomplete runoff mixing parameter was larger for the initially unsaturated soil. The higher the infiltration rate of the soil, the greater the infiltration‐related incomplete mixing parameter. According to the quantitative analysis, the soil mixing depth was found to be sensitive for both initially unsaturated and saturated soils, and the incomplete runoff mixing parameter was sensitive for initially saturated soil but not for the initially unsaturated soil; the incomplete infiltration mixing parameter behaved just the opposite. Some suggestions are made for reducing chemical loss from runoff. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不完全LU分解预条件BICGSTAB算法实现感应测井二维FDFD快速正演模拟

在柱坐标系下推导了二维感应测井差分格式,采用频率域有限差分方法求解感应测井正演问题。针对差分近似得到的线性方程组系数矩阵是大型稀疏复系数病态矩阵求解困难等问题,采用不完全LU分解预条件的稳定双共轭梯度(BICGSTAB)算法求解该线性方程组。研究结果表明,本算法具有速度快、精度高和稳定性好等优点,能有效提高感应测井正演模拟的效率和精度。     

区域一体化背景下的环渤海地区制造业产业同构性分析

从区域一体化演进的视角分析产业结构趋同问题更具有现实意义。利用行业空间集中度指数分析1995～2009年环渤海地区制造业整体空间分布和变化趋势,并采用Krugman行业分工指数与专业化指数相结合分析一体化背景下环渤海地区制造业产业结构趋同的演进过程,在此基础上,借助15年的动态数据并根据分型理论中R/S方法预测其未来发展趋势。结果显示:环渤海地区制造业一体化水平仍处于倒"U"型曲线的左边,由单向聚集阶段转变为聚集与扩散并存的新阶段。当区域一体化水平处于初级阶段时更易形成产业集聚现象且产业同构问题严重,如北京与天津在汽车、机械、电子信息等行业的产业同构显著并形成了地区绝对优势,三大"港口一腹地"经济区域在石油加工、海洋化工、装备制造等领域产业同构现象严重。但随着一体化由初级走向中级阶段时,制造业行业发生了明显的产业梯度转移,地区专业化水平显著提高,产业同构度逐步降低。当环渤海地区的一体化水平由中级阶段迈向高级阶段时,环渤海地区制造业产业同构度将持续降低,天津的产业结构将进入一个激烈的调整升级过程,与其余地区间的制造业产业结构趋同度显著下降,而特殊地区间(如辽宁与山东)的制造业产业结构趋同度仍持续上升。     

用人工神经网络进行空间不完备数据的插补

在地学研究中,特别是区域性资料处理过程中,常常遇到“不完备数据”的问题,即所谓的“数据不全”。在尽量减小估计误差的条件下对缺失数据进行预测或插补,对于充分利用历史资料和已知信息,提高预测质量具有重要意义。利用径向基人工神经网络(RBF)同时具有自组织神经网络和回归网络的优点,可以对缺失数据进行预测。实际区域地球化学数据处理的结果表明,RBF网络对空间不完备数据的建模和预测具有优异的效果。