地震波斜入射情形下水平成层半空间自由场的时域计算

在应用有限元模拟地震工程中的波动散射问题时，为了计算边界节点的运动和实现波动能量的输入，必须首先确定边界节点的内行波场即背景水平成层半空间的自由场。利用显式有限差分法的内节点位移计算公式和基于水平成层介质波动传播特点建立的相邻节点间自由场运动的关系式，给出了计算水平成层半空间自由场的时城方程(以入射侧边界节点为例)。本方法是显式有限元意义上的数值精确解，可应用于近场波动数值模拟中内行波场与散射波场的时城同步模拟。     

宝泉抽水蓄能电站引水系统上斜井古风化壳地层灌浆处理

宝泉抽水蓄能电站引水系统上斜井开挖揭示,在高程668000～651000 m和高程526000～514000 m处,分别穿过古风化壳地层。古风化壳地层岩石极为破碎,夹泥较多,基岩裂隙发育,地下水丰富,透水率较大。古风化壳地层段地层的灌浆处理,成为斜井开挖能否顺利通过该地层的关键,并且直接影响着电站的安全、稳定运行。针对上述问题,通过采取阻水帷幕、高压固结、锥形帷幕灌浆几种方法联合处理,取得了满意的效果。详细介绍了具体的灌浆处理技术措施,分析了处理效果。     

大型平缓堆积层滑坡形成机理研究

岑巩县大榕滑坡发生于2012年6月29日, 属于大型平缓堆积层滑坡。其主体堆积区斜坡坡度8～20, 主滑区基覆界面倾角4～11; 下伏基岩中存在强风化层; 2009年以来, 有持续人工弃土堆积于左侧汇水区。结合滑坡特征及三维数值分析可见, 大榕滑坡是由持续人工弃土堆积和强降雨共同诱发产生, 弃土堆积区首先局部失稳, 导致坡脚破坏而逐步引发滑坡整体失稳; 滑面位于下伏强风化层中。结合典型案例, 总结了大型平缓堆积层滑坡结构特征, 强降雨是必要诱发因素; 失稳时, 局部往往带动下伏基岩失稳。     

基于三维地应力测量的岩爆预测问题研究

岩爆预测中常用的动态指标切向应力σθ是与初始地应力场密切联系的。根据开阳磷矿实测三维地应力值和该矿多层岩体赋存的特点,分析了洞室围岩岩性、空间巷道、倾斜层理等因素对σθ的影响。开阳磷三维地应力测试成果表明,埋深浅的砂岩比埋深大的红页岩的垂直地应力值要大近3倍,提出了考虑测点岩性的地应力场区域应用观点和考虑巷道轴向空间性的三维地应力空间分解方法。按上述方法,通过数值模拟研究发现,考虑倾斜层理时发生岩爆的位置主要在右帮底部。这与马路坪矿现场观测的破坏结果较吻合。区域空间分解法的岩爆预测结果比线性拟合回归法更接近实际。     

Analytical Solutions for Pore-Fluid Flow Focusing Within Inclined Elliptic Inclusions in Pore-Fluid-Saturated Porous Rocks: Solutions Derived in an Elliptical Coordinate System

Exact analytical solutions have been derived rigorously for the pore-fluid velocity, pore-fluid-flow focusing factor, stream function and excess pore-fluid pressure around and within a buried inclined elliptic inclusion in pore-fluid-saturated porous rocks. The geometric characteristics of the buried inclined elliptic inclusion are represented by the aspect ratio and dip angle of the inclusion, while the hydrodynamic characteristic is represented by the permeability ratio of the elliptic inclusion to its surrounding rock. Since an elliptic inclusion of any aspect ratio can be used to approximately represent geological faults and cracks, the present analytical solutions can be used to investigate the pore-fluid-flow patterns around buried faults and cracks within the crust of the Earth. Therefore, the present analytical solution not only provides a better understanding of the physics behind the pore-fluid-flow focusing problem around and within buried faults and cracks, but also provides a valuable benchmark solution for validating any numerical method in dealing with this kind of pore-fluid-flow focusing problem. The pore-fluid-flow focusing factor of a buried elliptic inclusion is demonstrated to be dependent on the aspect ratio, the permeability ratio and the dip angle.     

Using ichnological relationships to interpret heterolithic fabrics in fluvio-tidal settings

In fluvio-tidal settings, the sediment is dominantly derived from the river systems. However, the importance of landward tidal transport of sediment in tidally influenced sedimentary environments is difficult to assess, particularly in the rock record. This problem is addressed using two intervals within the Lower Cretaceous McMurray Formation, each representing a distinct inclined heterolithic stratification motif. The ichnological variation between the heterolithic intervals is analyzed to determine which lithosomes are associated with brackish-water (tidally influenced) colonization windows. From this, the relative fluvial influence responsible for the deposition of the fine and coarse members can be determined. Both of the inclined heterolithic stratification fabrics studied record the deposition of fluvio-tidal point bars wherein the heterolithic bedding represents variations in river discharge. The first fabric comprises inclined heterolithic stratification in which bioturbation only occurs in mudstone beds. This fabric indicates that deposition occurred in more proximal positions within a fluvio-tidal system (i.e. the outermost inner to middle estuary or distributary channels). In this example sand deposition is interpreted to represent high-energy, freshwater dune migration within a fluvial-dominated setting, whereas mud beds reflect brackish-water suspension deposition during times of low river discharge. The second fabric, which is interpreted to have developed in more distal depositional positions (i.e. the middle estuary or seaward of the turbidity maximum in deltas), consists of inclined heterolithic stratification with laminated mudstone and bioturbated sandstone. In these inclined heterolithic stratification successions the mudstone beds were deposited under the influence of freshwater and heightened sedimentation rates, whereas bioturbated sandstone was colonized under brackish-water conditions and in the presence of tidally facilitated sediment transport. In both examples, the bioturbated lithosomes are related to colonization windows that indicate the predominance at that time of marine or tidally influenced processes over fluvial processes.     

厚筏刚性基础倾斜值估算

从弹性半空间Boussiuesq解出发,采用有限元法和压缩层地基模型,探索计算厚筏基础倾斜值的方法,计算厚筏基础的不均匀沉降和倾斜值,并利用工程实例进行说明,计算结果与实测结果较吻合。     

基于主应力迹线分层的挡墙被动土压力分析方法

为了探讨墙背倾斜与粗糙程度对挡墙被动土压力的影响,首先,结合被动状态下受挡墙墙背和滑动面摩擦影响的滑动土楔内主应力传递特点,采用圆弧形主应力迹线描述滑动土楔中最大主应力传递规律,并提出了最大主应力迹线几何参数的确定方法;然后,采用沿最大主应力迹线的分层方法将挡墙后滑动土楔划分为若干圆弧形曲线薄层单元,并通过该薄层单元受力分析,依据其静力平衡条件建立了挡墙被动土压力分析新方法。该方法不仅可反映墙土摩擦和墙背倾斜程度对被动土压力的影响,而且有效避免了目前土压力分析方法研究中普遍采用的直线薄层单元难以准确考虑复杂的单元实际受力情况的问题,从理论上确保了新提出的挡墙被动土压力分析方法更具合理性;最后,通过试验、现有同类方法及所提方法分析曲线的对比,表明了新方法的合理性与优越性。就墙背倾斜与粗糙程度对挡墙被动土压力分布及合力作用点高度的影响规律也进行了探讨。     

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构减振效果分析

应用并完善了非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的反应谱方法,通过与时程分析计算结果对比证明了方法的可行性。利用本方法研究了支撑刚度及阻尼器参数对非线性粘滞阻尼器减振效果的影响。通过数值分析,给出了位移降低率达到最佳时支撑刚度取值的建议式。提出了为保证剪力降低率不大于1时非线性粘滞阻尼器参数的控制方法。     

多层住宅新型复合结构的固有频率计算分析

对所提出的多层住宅新型复合结构体系进行了动力性能分析。在满足静力荷载作用下承载力要求的基础上,根据结构动力学原理,推导了该结构体系的动力特征方程,分析了,复合结构体系的支撑截面和层数变化对动力特征的影响,计算显示,增加支撑对提高结构的频率即抗侧刚度有明显作用,且随支撑截面尺寸增大,固有频率单调增加。增加结构的层数固有频率减小,变化规律趋于收敛。根据动力特征方程计算的结构固有频率值,拟合了频率曲线,并推出了综合考虑支撑截面及结构层数影响的频率计算公式,和理论计算结果符合较好。