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991.
992.
利用ERA-interim再分析资料,统计分析了1986年1月1日—2015年12月31日不同生命史九龙涡的时空分布特征和活动规律。结果表明:持续1—2个时次的九龙涡（T1-2JLV）和3—4个时次的九龙涡（T3-4JLV）初生高频中心位于27°—28.5°N,100°—101.5°E,持续5—6个时次的九龙涡（T5-6JLV）初生高频中心位于29°—30.5°N,102°—103.5°E,持续时间大于7个时次的九龙涡（T≥7JLV）初生高频中心位于28°—29.5°N,101.5°—103.5°E,生命史越长越易生成于四川盆地的西南部;九龙涡生成频数30年呈增长趋势,但近几年呈下降趋势;九龙涡生成频数随月份大致呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,1—5月随月份增加,5—12月随月份减少,5月最大,9月最小,3月T1-2JLV生成最多,9月最少,4月T3-4JLV生成最多,12月最少,6月T5-6JLV、T≥7JLV生成最多,1—4月无T5-6JLV生成,12月T≥7JLV生成最少,夏季九龙涡频数虽不是最高,但最易生成长生命史九龙涡,且最易移出源地;生命史低于24 h的九龙涡（T1-2JLV、T3-4JLV）夜发性不突出,生命史超过24 h的九龙涡（T5-6JLV、T≥7JLV）具有显著的夜发性特征;移出源地的九龙涡频数随月份表现出先增加后减少的变化趋势,1—6月随月份增加,6—12月随月份减少,6月移出源地的频数最多。T≥7JLV的移动路径以偏东路径为主,6月后有东南路径和东北路径,T5-6JLV移出路径只有偏东路径和东北路径,生命史小于24 h的九龙涡由于靠近统计区边缘地区也有可能移出源地。 相似文献
993.
994.
Since the 2000s, extratropical extremes have been more frequent, which are closely related to anomalies of planetary-scale and synoptic-scale systems. This study focuses on a key synoptic system, the extratropical cyclonic vortex (ECV) over land, to investigate its relations with extreme precipitation. It was found that ECVs have been more active post-2000, which has induced more extreme precipitation, and such variation is projected to persist along with increasing temperature within 1.5°C of global warming. An enhanced quasi-stationary vortex (QSV) primarily contributes to the ECV, rather than inactive synoptic-scale transient eddies (STEs). Inactive STEs respond to a decline in baroclinicity due to the tendency of the homogeneous temperature gradient. However, such conditions are helpful to widening the westerly jet belt, favoring strong dynamic processes of quasi-resonant amplification and interaction of STEs with the quasi-stationary wave, and the result favors an increasing frequency and persistence of QSVs, contributing to extreme precipitation.摘要自21世纪以来, 热带外极端降水频次增加. 随着中高纬度的显著增温, 经向温度梯度减弱导致低层大气斜压性减小, 由此产生的气旋型瞬变涡天气系统等活动减弱. 然而, 热力分布导致西风急流带变宽, 经向环流加大, 有助于行星尺度波动相关的涡旋异常增加, 如东北冷涡, 中亚涡, 东欧-地中海涡, 北美涡等, 进而增加了气旋涡影响范围的极端降水频次. 在未来变暖背景和1.5°C增温的目标内, 热带外气旋涡增强会进一步促进极端降水发生. 相似文献
995.
Satellite-tracked drifting buoy data and altimetry data are used to study the active vortex field to the west of Big Island. A pair of vortexes were observed at the trajectory of buoy in 1995. The westward propagation of the vortex pair is studied in detail by reproducing the loops of each vortex. The orbital period and radius of the pair of vortex are determined to be 10-11 d and 58-68 km. Two arrays of contra-rotating vortices are displayed in the average sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) field to the west of Big Island. Based on the calculation of the fluid dynamical parameter, the “von Karman vortex street” is proved to be generated to the west of Big Island as the North Equatorial Current impinges upon Big Island from the east. Finally, the analysis of the buoy trajectories in a decade contributes to the conclusion of the pattern of VKVS in a statistical view. 相似文献
996.
Dongxue FU; Yihui DING 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2023,37(5):589-603
The number of days with occurrence of winter regional extreme cold events (RECEs) in China was found more during 1960/1961–1985/1986 (period 1), less during 1986/1987–2005/2006 (period 2), but more again during 2006/2007–2017/2018 (period 3). So far, the differences in the atmospheric circulation favoring RECEs among these three periods are unclear. In this paper, changes in atmospheric circulation during the RECEs over China are examined by using composite analysis based on the station observed temperature data and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data in winters of 1960/1961–2017/2018. The results show: (1) the stratospheric polar vortex was more active and tended to split before the outbreak of RECEs in period 3 than that in other two periods. The shift of the stratospheric polar vortex to Eurasia helped the upper Arctic cold air to affect the lower latitudes. (2) The troposphere was characterized by a typical or significant three-wave pattern before the outbreak of RECEs in period 2, in contrast to a weakened three-wave pattern in period 1. Compared to periods 1 and 2, the Okhotsk blocking high was stronger in period 3, contributing to the inverted omega-shaped circulation pattern in East Asia–North Pacific section and a shift of global pattern from three-wave to two-wave. The weakened three-wave or two-wave circulation pattern was manifested by the stronger Ural/Okhotsk blocking high, conducive to the strengthening of the meridional circulation and the occurrence of RECEs in East Asia. (3) The Siberian high was the strongest in period 3, followed by period 1, and it was the weakest in period 2. Before the outbreak of RECEs, the Siberian high in period 3 began to intensify one week earlier than that in periods 1 and 2. Thus, the accumulation time of cold air mass in period 3 was the longest. In summary, the synergism of atmospheric circulation at high and low levels in periods 1 and 3 was more conducive to more and strong RECEs than that in period 2. Moreover, the split of the stratospheric polar vortex may have played an important role on the formation of tropospheric two-wave pattern in period 3. The results obtained herein may provide a better understanding of the mechanisms for occurrences of RECEs in China. 相似文献
997.
利用遥感技术,在青藏高原东北部发现了祁连山西段旋卷构造、柴北缘赛什腾山旋卷构造、柴达木西南祁漫塔格山弧形扭动构造及祁连东部大型旋卷构造等四个旋卷 (扭 )构造。分析了这些旋卷 (扭 )构造产生的地球动力学机制及其与油气运移和聚集之间的关系,并指出这些发现对青藏高原大陆动力学研究具有重要的科学意义,也对这一地区今后的油气勘探工作具有重要的现实意义。还指出Tapponnier的“走向滑移线场和构造逃逸理论”存在两点明显不足,补充和完善了该理论。 相似文献
998.
Alaskan Arctic waters have participated in hemispheric-wide Arctic warming over the last two decades at over two times the rate of global warming. During 2008–13, this relative warming occurred only north of the Bering Strait and the atmospheric Arctic front that forms a north–south thermal barrier. This front separates the southeastern Bering Sea temperatures from Arctic air masses. Model projections show that future temperatures in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas continue to warm at a rate greater than the global rate, reaching a change of +4℃ by 2040 relative to the 1981–2010 mean. Offshore at 74°N, climate models project the open water duration season to increase from a current average of three months to five months by 2040. These rates are occasionally enhanced by midlatitude connections. Beginning in August 2014, additional Arctic warming was initiated due to increased SST anomalies in the North Pacific and associated shifts to southerly winds over Alaska, especially in winter 2015–16. While global warming and equatorial teleconnections are implicated in North Pacific SSTs, the ending of the 2014–16 North Pacific warm event demonstrates the importance of internal, chaotic atmospheric natural variability on weather conditions in any given year. Impacts from global warming on Alaskan Arctic temperature increases and sea-ice and snow loss, with occasional North Pacific support, are projected to continue to propagate through the marine ecosystem in the foreseeable future. The ecological and societal consequences of such changes show a radical departure from the current Arctic environment. 相似文献
999.
Shuanglin Li 《大气科学进展》2010,27(3):469-482
During recent decades,the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean has become increasingly warmer.Meanwhile,both the northern and southern hemispheric polar vortices(NPV and SPV)have exhibited a deepening trend in boreal winter.Although previous studies have revealed that the tropical Indian Ocean warming(IOW)favors an intensifying NPV and a weakening SPV,how the tropical Pacific Ocean warming(POW) influences the NPV and SPV remains unclear.In this study,a comparative analysis has been conducted through ensemble atmospheric general circulation model(AGCM)experiments.The results show that,for the Northern Hemisphere,the two warmings exerted opposite impacts in boreal winter,in that the IOW intensified the NPV while the POW weakened the NPV.For the Southern Hemisphere,both the IOW and POW warmed the southern polar atmosphere and weakened the SPV.A diagnostic analysis based on the vorticity budget revealed that such an interhemispheric difference in influences from the IOW and POW in boreal winter was associated with different roles of transient eddy momentum flux convergence between the hemispheres.Furthermore,this difference may have been linked to different strengths of stationary wave activity between the hemispheres in boreal winter. 相似文献
1000.
一次西南涡引发MCC暴雨的卫星云图和多普勒雷达特征分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
利用常规观测资料、自动站资料、卫星资料和多普勒雷达资料,对2008年6月30日至7月1日发生在滇东北和四川盆地南部一次暴雨天气过程的分析发现,850hPa四川盆地南部西南涡引发的中尺度对流复合体（mesoscale convective complex,MCC）是暴雨的直接影响系统,700hPa青藏高原东南侧西南涡引发的中尺度对流云团并入MCC后导致MCC迅速加强并向西移动。MCC生成于对流层高层急流出口区左侧强辐散区和低层强辐合区。雷达回波上“人”字形回波、平行短带回波和逆风区的出现说明MCC内部存在多个β中尺度对流系统,直接造成多个暴雨中心。MCC成熟阶段表现出中低层辐合和高层辐散的动力特征,其前沿中层以下有强气流流入,以上则有强气流流出。MCC消散阶段从低层到高层都有强西南气流进入,相应气流辐合减弱,失去中尺度组织结构。 相似文献