Geochemistry and Genesis of the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations (Late Pleistocene-Holocene), Central and Northern Argentina Pampas and Its Adjacent Region-An Approaching Case Study

Littoral siliciclastic shallow marine horizontal conformable beds (a heterolithic succession), Middle to Late Miocene, outcropping in northeastern Argentina (Ituzaingó Formation) and overlying transitional conformable horizontal regolithic mantle-rock bed derived from them (the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations), were geochemically analyzed. The focus of this study is placed on the application of geochemical parameter and signature analyses related with the aforementioned geological units, which are of subcontinental extension into South America. The encountered results show an outstandingly similar geochemical behaviour between them. The main conclusion is that regolithic mantle-rock beds were derived from the littoral shallow marine mudstone (silty-argillaceous) beds. This is in oposition to previous aeolian processes proposed early in the 50's and later. These mudstone beds constitute important sections of the littoral shallow marine sequence beds (outcropping HST parasequence). Such regolitization proposed for the Pampean and Post-Pampean Formations predominantly developed in-situ during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. The main erosional and mobilized agents were the surface free water (pluvial, fluvial and laminar water sheets) and vadose water. So, the wind flows and/or the immense air flow hurricanes are of insignificant sedimentological influence. Otherwise, there is not a proved appropiate sandy-silty reservoir for a reasonable support of the "aeolian hypothesis", as well as clear aeolian structures settled in the regolithic mantle-rock bed. In spite of these lines of equality textural-structural evidence, the geochemical values for both major elements and trace elements, demonstrate that the Miocene heterolithic marine succession was the mother rock of the overlying regolithic mantle-rock bed, which was formed as an in-situ mantle-rock bed.     

多道伽马能谱仪中的特征峰稳谱技术

介绍一种用于微机多道伽马能谱仪的稳谱装置及稳谱方法,该装置采用新型非易失性数字电位器、89C52控制器等大规模集成电路,具有集成度高、功耗低、可靠性高等优点.文中详细介绍了有关软硬件、稳谱方法及实际应用效果.试验结果表明,对102道微机伽马能谱仪在-5～5 ℃的工作环境下,其特征峰漂移≤±1道.     

发泡颗粒混合轻量土及其原位力学性质

发泡颗粒混合轻量土是轻量土中的一种,根据需要,可以通过调整发泡颗粒和土的比例来控制混合土的物理、力学性质。本文介绍了发泡颗粒混合轻量土在高速公路桥梁上的另一应用新技术。为了尽量减小隧道开挖的弃碴对桥墩产生的不利影响,在桥墩周围填筑发泡颗粒混合轻量土,以保持原设计桥梁的结构、强度和变形性能。原位试验结果表明,发泡颗粒混合轻量土易于变形,且可极大地减小土的静止土压力,因而可以减小隧道弃碴对桥墩的影响。它作为缓冲材料的应用是成功的,其效果明显。     

Geotechnical characterization and rockfall simulation of a slope: a practical case study from South Tyrol (Italy)

Rockfalls occur often along the state road SS241 Val d'Ega in the Val d'Ega Valley (South Tyrol, Italy). In order to protect the road and the traffic, stabilization works are necessary. Detailed geological and geomorphologic mapping along structural and geomechanic sections was carried out, and experimental rockfall trails were examined on the slope above the state road between km 3.550 and 3.830. Rockfall simulation, rock mass classification and an interpretation of field data, especially concerning joints, wrapped up the investigations. They helped find the specific need for stabilization work and its positioning along the slope. The stabilization works were completed on February 2002. Another important aspect concerns ongoing geotechnical investigations and stabilization works urgently realised during autumn 1999.

This paper is a practical approach in solving rockfall problems along public roads. It should be considered as a workbook for university personnel and also for professional geologists.     

多滞后中立型非线性控制系统的镇定

应用Lyapunov等价法讨论了多滞后中立型非线性定常控制系统与不带滞后的线性定常控制系统的镇定问题.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论与Krosovskii最大最小特征值定理,得到了多滞后中立型非线性定常控制系统渐近稳定的结论,该结论是对前人结果的进一步扩展,并在非线性项的限制下给出了时滞的界限.最后,将上述结论推广到了多滞后中立型非线性时变控制系统.     

A full-scale field experiment to study the thermal-deformation process of widening highway embankments in permafrost regions

As one of the widely used upgrading way in road engineering, the widening embankment(WE) has suffered evident differential deformation, which is even severer for highway in permafrost regions due to the temperature sensitivity of frozen soil and the heat absorption effect of the asphalt pavement. Given this issue, a full-scale experimental highway of WE was performed along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway(QTH) to investigate the differential deformation features and its developing law. The continuous three years' monitoring data taken from the experimental site, including the ground temperature and the layered deformation of WE and original embankment(OE), were used to analyze the thermal-deformation process. The results indicate that the widening part presented the remarkable thermal disturbance to the existing embankment(EE). The underlying permafrost was in a noteworthy degradation state, embodying the apparent decrease of the permafrost table and the increase of the ground temperature. Correspondingly, the heat disruption induced by widening led to a much higher deformation at the widening side compared to the original embankment, showing a periodic stepwise curve. Specifically, the deformation mainly occurred in the junction of the EE and the widening part, most of which was caused by the thawing consolidation near the original permafrost table. In contrast, the deformation of EE mainly attributed to the compression of the active layer. Furthermore, it was the deformation origination differences that resulted in the differential deformation of WE developed gradually during the monitoring period, the maximum of which reached up to 64 mm.     

多频海底声学原位测试系统研制和试用

海底沉积物的声学特性(最重要的是声速和声衰减)以及它们与物理(包括土力学)特性之间的关系是沉积物声学中两个重要的研究项目.介绍了新研制的实时监控多频海底声学原位测试系统.该系统可测量浅表层沉积物的声速.探测频率为8,10,12,15 kHz,可根据实际情况选择发射波形、接收增益和采样长度,采样率为0.5~2.0 MHz,工作水深为300 m.系统具有倾斜传感器、8通道扩充等功能.用该系统在杭州湾测得了四种频率的沉积物原位声速.     

海底热流原位测量技术研究

海底热流测量对于海洋地热学基础研究与天然气水合物等新兴海洋矿产资源勘测具有重要意义。海底热流原位测量是现代海底热流探测技术的发展方向。针对我国目前在该项技术的落后局面,通过对现存几种热流原位测量技术的原理与技术特点的对比与分析,指出了我国未来发展海底热流测量技术的方向与重点。     

蓝硒铜矿的发现及其地质意义

本文对产自湖北省恩施市双河硒矿鱼塘坝矿段氧化带中的极其少见的富铜亚硒酸盐矿物——蓝硒铜矿进行了详细的矿物学特征研究.蓝硒铜矿呈蓝色或天蓝色,透明,玻璃光泽,柱状晶体,一般颗粒非常细小,粒径大多在20~100μm,个别可>200μm.分散状,偶见穿插状、放射状聚晶体分布在碳质硅质页岩或粘土化火山碎屑岩的岩石裂缝中或岩层表面.与蓝硒铜矿共生矿物主要为星染状黄铁矿、微晶石英、伊利石、白云石和硒铜蓝等.利用电子探针(EMPA)和背散射电子衍射仪(EBSD)分析的蓝硒铜矿的化学组分表明,仅含Cu,Se和O元素,成分单一,其中SeO244.355%~49.778%(平均值47.684%),CuO37.419%~41.354%(平均值39.479%).计算的化学分子式为:Cu5.35~6.5[SeO3]5·6.2~9.95H2O,属于富铜的蓝硒铜矿,实际晶体化学式为:Cu[SeO3]·2H2O.蓝硒铜矿在显微镜下呈菱形横切面,平行消光,显示出正交晶系的光学特征.本文首次对蓝硒铜矿单晶体进行了“原位”拉曼光谱的测试分析,获得了清晰的拉曼谱线,其主要位移谱线为3506cm-1、3182cm-1、2917cm-1、1600cm-1、1328cm-1、814cm-1、727cm-1、555cm-1、378cm-1、288cm-1.蓝硒铜矿的傅里叶红外光谱主要特征吸收峰则与Sathi-anandan等(1964)合成的化合物相类似.根据蓝硒铜矿的产出地质特征、矿物组合和成矿环境条件,笔者认为蓝硒铜矿的形成是由于风化和淋滤富集作用所致.