软土地基承载力原位测试及其相关性研究

选用平板荷载试验、轻便动力触探试验、十字板剪切试验等三种测试手段,对潭邵公路软土地基承载力进行了研究。通过对测试数据进行统计分析,建立了N10与Cu的回归方程,且其相关系数均在0.9以上,表明二者具有很强的相关性。以Cu-fk关系为桥梁,推导出N10-fk的关系表达式,该公式同时考虑了埋置深度对承载力的影响。该研究为湖南地区同类地基土承载力的确定提供了一种新方法。     

Empirical correlations of soil parameters based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) for Greek soils

This study presents the results of Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) and estimated correlations with the results of other in-situ tests (standard penetration test, cross-hole, seismocone) and laboratory tests (classification and undrained shear strength tests). These tests cover nearly all types of penetrable soils in Greece and, together with the formulation of empirical correlations, complement and improve on previous studies due to the significant number of CPT measurements.     

洋脊和年轻洋壳俯冲与埃达克岩生成的热模拟

新生代以来 ,环太平洋周边分布的埃达克岩 (Adakite)主要与年轻洋壳俯冲时在 70～ 90km深处的部分熔融有关。利用数值方法 ,模拟了洋壳俯冲的热演化过程并讨论了脱水、熔融对埃达克岩浆活动的影响。结果表明 :仅在活动海岭俯冲前后约 10Ma内 ,年轻的、热的俯冲海洋板片在 75～85km深度范围内 ,温度升高至 82 5～ 10 0 0℃脱水 ,导致年轻洋壳中角闪岩部分熔融 ,形成埃达克岩(Adakite)。而一般洋壳俯冲在 10 0km以下深度才脱水 ,由于脱水区压力较高洋壳自身不能熔融 ,水进入上覆地幔楔状体导致部分熔融 ,形成安山岩 (Andesite     

Partial melting during tectonic exhumation of a granulite terrane: an example from the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica

Anatectic migmatites in medium- to low-pressure granulite facies metasediments exposed in the Larsemann Hills, East Antarctica, contain leucosomes with abundant quartz and plagioclase and minor interstitial K-feldspar, and assemblages of garnet–cordierite–spinel–ilmenite–sillimanite. Qualitative modelling in the system K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂O–TiO₂–O₂, in conjunction with various P–T calculations indicate that the high-grade retrograde evolution of the terrane was dominated by decompression from peak conditions of c. 7 kbar at c. 800 °C to 4–5 kbar at c. 750 °C. Extensive partial melting during decompression involved the replacement of biotite by the assemblage cordierite–garnet–spinel within the leucosomes. These leucosomes represent the site of partial melt generation, the cordierite–garnet–spinel–ilmenite assemblage representing the solid products and excess reactants from the melting reaction. The extraction and accumulation of this decompression-generated melt led to the formation of syntectonic pegmatites and extensive granitic plutons. Leucosome development and terrane decompression proceeded during crustal transpression, synchronous with upper crustal extension, during a progressive Early Palaeozoic collisional event. Subsequent retrograde evolution was characterized by cooling, as indicated by the growth of biotite replacing spinel and garnet, thin mantles of cordierite replacing spinel and quartz within metapelites, and garnet replacing orthopyroxene and hornblende within metabasites. P–T calculations on late mylonites indicate lower grade conditions of formation of c. 3.5 kbar at c. 650 °C, consistent with the development of late cooling textures.     

湖南省珍稀濒危植物及其特征

首批中国珍稀濒危植物分布于湖南的有65种4变种。从区系组成、植物地理分布、在自然森林群落中的生态地位,以及利用价值等方面分析了它们的特征,并对湖南珍稀濒危植物就地保护的有效性和措施进行了讨论。     

火山岩熔融,结晶,淬火实验及其岩石学意义

本文对我国福建，江西，河南等地某些典型玄武岩和部分安山岩以及意大利威苏维火山的白响岩质碱玄岩进行了实验研究，其中包括熔融，结晶，淬火实验。根据实验结果，分析了熔浆成分对首晶矿物的影响，阐明了晶体形态与结晶温度，生长速度及成核密度的关系，研究了斜长石，白榴石的晶出及其矿物学，岩石学意义，论述了橄榄石，辉石的成分特生上春晶出后熔浆成分的演化趋势，讨论了单斜辉石的淬火效应与压力效应。     

The Texture,Mineral Assemblages and Origin of Metamorphic Peridotite from Kuda Ophiolite,Xinjiang

There are two grades of network-type texture in metamorphic peridotite from the Kuda ophiolite,Xinjiang,China,The first graduation consists of coarse-grained olivine with plastic deformation fabrics,orthopyroxene and minor clinopyroxene and Cr-spinel.The second graduation consists of small minerals filling among the mineral grains of the first graduation.Four kinds of assemblages containing tremolite have been discovered in the second graduation,which were formed during mantle partial melting and mantle metasomatism of a highly depleted peridotite.     

小秦岭东闯金矿区花岗岩浆活动的性质

东闯金矿区中生开岩交活动的特征是小秦岭地区这一时期岩浆活动的缩影。从钾长花岗岩墙－文峪第一次侵入体－文峪第二次侵入体，岩石向相对基性度增高方向变化，可能暗示区域岩石圈的热－物质调整从印支期至燕山早期持续增强。     

探测冰盖和多年冻土层的融冰探头研发

The exploration of ice sheets by melting vertical holes into the ground has some tradition in terrestrial glaciology. Such probes have been used since the 1960's to investigate the vertical structure of the ice in Greenland and Antarctica and in alpine glaciers. In this paper we look into the possibility to develop similar devices for use on extraterrestrial icy bodies, like e.g. the polar areas on Mars or the icy satellites of the outer solar system. We report on some basic experiments performed in the cryo-vacuum laboratory of the Space Research Institute of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz. In these experiments the penetration of a simple melting probe into compact and porous water ice (with a snow-like texture) was monitored, both under vacuum conditions and under air pressure. The observed penetration speeds for a given power supply are compared with a simple mathematical model. We conclude that a miniature melting probe with small overall dimensions and a reasonable power demand could well be part of the payload of a future planetary mission, for example to the poles of Mars. Such missions are currently under discussion in several space agencies. Moreover such probes could also e? ectively be used in terrestrial environments. A possible design is presented at the end of the paper.     

某深埋长隧地应力演化及围岩应力位移模拟研究

结合西部地区某深埋长大公路隧道信息化施工 ,对深埋长隧地应力演化及围岩应力位移进行了弹塑性有限元数值模拟研究。研究结果表明 ,隧道轴线现代地应力状况与隧道埋深、地层岩性及构造发育程度有关 ,最大地应力为40 0MPa左右 ;隧道周边围岩应力在曲边墙底部最大 ,约 3 8 0MPa ,隧道开挖引起的围岩应力影响范围约 2 5 0m ;隧道水平收敛和拱顶下沉位移与隧道埋深近于成直线关系。这些研究结果为深埋长隧信息化设计和施工以及围岩稳定性分析提供了科学依据。