数字地形图检查元素的确定及相关因素分析——基于CASS Check检查软件

就CASS Check检查软件检查元素的确定及检查中出现的一些问题进行分析,并提出解决办法。     

建立地震预警、地震报警和烈度速报综合系统的思考

如何减少地震灾害所引起的人员伤亡、次生灾害以及快速判断灾情以落实全面的防御观,是我国自汶川地震以来非常关注的问题.在建设我国地震烈度速报和预警系统的背景下,我们提出尽可能减少投资以改变传统模式、建设不需要专门观测房的监测系统,提高烈度速报和预警系统的监测点密度,实现地震预警、报警和烈度速报综合系统,为全社会提供更好的防...     

Assessing progress in MRV capacity development: experience with a scorecard approach

This article reports experiences gathered in 12 developing countries in Latin America and Africa with capacity development for national GHG inventory systems. The national systems and their ability to deliver on measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) requirements is assessed using a scorecard that covers the transparency, accuracy, completeness, consistency, and comparability of the GHG inventory as well as its institutional set-up and management aspects. The analysis shows that a quantitative assessment of GHG inventory systems with a scorecard is feasible and useful, and could commonly be used for tracking progress in MRV capacity development.

Policy relevance

A large number of capacity development initiatives are underway to advance national GHG inventory systems in developing countries, particularly in the land-use sector. These aim to promote the reliable MRV of GHG emissions and removals, which is expected to underpin developing countries’ contributions to global mitigation efforts, including through results-based payments. Although MRV is a cornerstone of climate change policy and despite widespread capacity gaps, there is little conclusive evidence about the effectiveness of such capacity development. This article relates the positive experience from one initiative, the Capacity Development for REDD+ project, which employed a novel, scorecard-based approach to results monitoring. Considerable progress is observed and provides reassurance regarding the soundness of development agencies’ significant investments in MRV. Disaggregating scores by countries and by underlying criteria also provides insights to prioritize further investments.     

Safety culture and hazard risk perception of Australian and New Zealand maritime pilots

A survey of the safety culture and hazard risk perception has been carried out involving 77 maritime pilots around Australia and New Zealand, representing more than the 20% of the maritime pilots in each country, in proportional geographic distribution. In 82% of the cases, interviews were carried out face-to-face, based on a questionnaire designed to be completed in less than 1 hour. Questions on 4 different aspects were asked, relating to each pilot's professional background, safety culture and perception of risks, navigation and pilotage hazards and their perception of the pilot's role. The responses indicated that there are issues with regulator identification, commercial pressures on pilots in some locations, incident reporting mechanisms and feedback, training opportunities and improved bridge resource management. In addition to reviewing comments made by pilots, the paper also presents recommendations for consideration in improving operational performance and safety of navigation in ports and regulated waterways. These recommendations can be used by regulators to improve their performance concerning pilotage matters and understand pilots’ concerns.     

不同犯罪类型受害者报警行为特点及其影响因素分析

采用问卷调查数据,以理性选择理论为框架,对广州地区扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害四大犯罪类型受害者的报警行为进行了分析。研究发现,扒窃和诈骗的发生率较高,但报警率较低;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的发生率较低,但报警率较高。逻辑回归结果表明,损失的财产价值是影响扒窃、诈骗、入室盗窃、暴力侵害受害者报警行为的共同因素,损失越大,报警的可能性越大。此外,户口状态对扒窃报警行为有影响;入室盗窃和暴力侵害的报警行为还受个人客观属性和主观感知的影响。表明西方的理性选择理论框架适用于中国的报警率研究,但在选择具体的衡量指标时应更慎重;在对用公安部门的数据进行犯罪空间分析时,应注意报警率的影响。     

A critical portrait of hate crime/incident reporting in North East England: The value of statistical data and the politics of recording in an age of austerity

This paper contributes to research on the reporting of hate crime/incidents from a critical socio-spatial perspective. It outlines an analysis of third party reporting of hate crimes/incidents in the North East of England, based upon the work of Arch (a third party hate crime/incident reporting system). The data set is one of the largest of its kind in the UK and therefore presents a unique opportunity to explore patterns of reporting across different types of hate crimes/incidents through a system designed to go beyond criminal justice responses. Whilst not downplaying the significance of the harmful experiences to which this data refers, we are very aware of the limitations of quantitative and de-humanised approaches to understanding forms of discrimination. Therefore the paper adopts a critical position, emphasising that interpretation of the data provides a partial, yet important, insight into everyday exclusions, but also cultures and politics of reporting. While the data records incidents across the main ‘monitored strands’, analysis here particularly focuses on those incidents recorded on the basis of ‘race’ and religion. Our analysis allows us to both cautiously consider the value of such data in understanding and addressing such damaging experiences - but also to appreciate how such an analysis may connect with the changing landscape of reporting and the politics of austerity.     

渤海油田深部调驱体系研制及调驱参数优化

为了改善海上油田深部调驱效果,研制一种易于配制、施工简便的由聚合物FP、交联剂和助剂组成的冻胶体系.基于合适的成冻时间和成冻强度,优选适合该油藏条件的冻胶调驱体系配方,即聚合物FP(1 500～2 000mg.L-1)+交联剂(750～1 250mg.L-1)+助剂(1 000～1 500mg.L-1).利用三层非均质岩心进行调驱体系用量和调驱时机对调驱效果影响的评价,优化调驱体系的注入用量和注入时机参数.结果表明:当水驱至目标油藏含水率70%时,随着注入调驱体系用量的增加,采收率增加值越高;基于采出程度和经济效益双重考虑,优选调驱体系的用量为0.2PV;当注入用量为0.2PV调驱体系,油藏综合含水率低于50%条件下,早期注入调驱体系进行深部调驱,采收率增加值高,能够达到很好的调驱效果.     

Rapid estimation of fault rupture extent using envelopes of acceleration

We present a new strategy to estimate the geometry of a rupture on a finite fault for rapid reporting of seismic intensity. We use envelope attenuation relationships which were presented by Huo et al. (Acta Seismol Sin 16:519–525, 1994). An important base of this work is the fault finiteness theory. We propose a new model to simulate high-frequency motions from earthquakes with large rupture dimension. The envelope of high-frequency ground motion from a large earthquake can be expressed as a root-mean-squared combination of envelope functions from smaller earthquakes. We use simulated envelopes of ground acceleration to estimate the direction and along-strike length of a rupture. Using the Wenchuan and Jiji (Chi-Chi) earthquake dataset, we parameterize the fault geometry with an epicenter, a fault strike, and along-strike rupture lengths. So this methodology seems quite appropriate for the rapid reporting systems of seismic intensity.     

基于北斗卫星的地震灾情上报系统应用研究

四川省的地震活动主要发生在西部地区,四川由于地形原因,一旦发生破坏性地震,极易造成震区通信、交通等联系方式的全部中断,形成"信息孤岛"。为了解决"信息孤岛"问题,系统采用智能手机终端与分体式北斗终端链接,通过北斗卫星信道与移动通信网络连通的方式,将人员伤亡和房屋建筑破坏情况等关键灾情信息编码后以短报文形式回传后方指挥部,为地震灾情快速初步判断提供及时、可靠的第一手资料。