近几年勘查地球物理的成就与前景展望

勘查地球物理是地球物理学的重要分支,它广泛应用于其它地球科学中。近几年,全世界勘查地球物理在一起研制、数据采集预处理、二维和三维反演等方面取得重要进展。尤其是在全张量重力梯度测量、高温超导技术、航磁三轴梯度测量系统、大深度高分辨率电磁测量系统、三维地震勘查方法技术等取得了重大进展,勘查地球物理进入一个新时代。     

5·12汶川大地震的启示和建议——关于攀枝花市抗震救灾实践的思考

2008年5月12日在四川省汶川县发生的里氏8．0级特大地震,无疑是新中国成立以来破坏性最强、波及范围最广、救灾难度最大的一次地震,不仅造成了极大的人员伤亡和经济损失,也使抗震救灾和灾后恢复重建面临前所未有的巨大困难。本文认真总结与反思了汶川地震灾后抗震救灾实践的若干经验,提出了有益的建议。     

中国锡矿资源特征及主要远景区潜力分析

中国是全球锡矿资源最丰富的国家,已查明资源储量约占全球查明资源储量的32%。中国锡矿资源分布集中、储量集中,大中型矿床多,锡矿的类型主要有与花岗岩有关的层状似层状锡矿、与花岗岩有关的脉状锡矿、矽卡岩-云英岩型锡矿、斑岩型锡矿、陆相火山岩型锡矿、砂锡矿等,其中又以与花岗岩有关的层状似层状、脉状以及矽卡岩-云英岩型锡矿最为重要。锡矿的成矿时代从元古宙到新生代都有,但以印支中晚期—燕山早期最为集中。中国目前还有不足10年的基础储量,为此,作者建议通过各种调控手段对锡矿实行保护性开采,同时,文章还圈定了17个锡远景区,建议加大勘查投入来获得更多的资源储备。     

山东省矿山地质环境治理工作形势分析

山东是矿业大省,矿业在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着重要的基础作用。随着矿业经济的发展,矿产资源开发规模和强度不断增大,导致矿山地质灾害等一系列地质环境问题,严重地影响了矿业经济可持续发展,且危及社会稳定和人民生命财产安全。该文在剖析山东省地质环境问题及管理现状的基础上,总结了以往矿山地质环境恢复治理成效及项目安排情况,选取2个近年来实施的典型矿山地质环境治理项目对恢复治理效果情况进行了说明。对山东省地质环境管理发展趋势、地质环境问题发展控制能力进行了客观预测,提出相应的对策建议。     

甘蔗地混种春玉米的气候适应

通过近几年来甘蔗与春玉米的实际观测资料，结合气候条件分析，得出在春蔗和宿根蔗中地混种春玉米，春玉米要适当早播、合理密植、选用早熟优质品种是气候适应的重要条件。     

A Preliminary Review of Metallogenic Regularity of Molybdenum Deposits in China

Molybdenum is one of the dominant minerals in China because of its rich reserves.In recent years,outstanding breakthroughs have been made in molybdenum prospecting in China,and the distribution of molybdenum deposits in China is found to have a "planar pattern".In general,the molybdenum deposits are concentrated in eastern China,including the largest molybdenum reserves of Henan Province.In terms of the scale of molybdenum deposits,the identified resources of the superlarge deposits are the most important,which account for about 53% of the whole country,and those of the large deposits account for about 30%,those of the medium-sized deposits account for about 14%,those of the small-sized deposits,mine spots and mineralization account for about 3%.The molybdenum deposits are mainly classified as porphyry type,skarn type,hydrothermal(vein) type and sedimentary(metamorphic) type in genesis,and the identified resources of these types account for 85.75%,8.83%,2.79%and 2.63% of the total resources respectively.Based on the statistics of precise chronology data of molybdenites Re-Os,Mo-mineralization can be divided into 6 periods in Chinese geological history,which are Precambrian(800 Ma),Cambrian-Silurian(540-415 Ma,Caledonian),Devonian-Permian(400-290 Ma,Hecynian),Triassic(260-200 Ma,Indosinian),Jurassic-Cretaceous(195-70 Ma,Yanshanian) and Paleogene-Neogene(65-10 Ma,Himalayan).Mo mineralization during the Yanshanian period is the strongest one,in which about 76.69% of the Chinese total identified resources was formed.The second is the Himalayan period.According to spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of molybdenum deposits,the metallogenic regularity of molybdenum deposits was preliminarily summarized,and 41 level-Ⅲ molybdenum-forming belts,13 level-Ⅱ molybdenum-forming provinces and 4 level-Ⅰ molybdenum-forming domains were ascertained in the mainland of China.There are 39 metallogenic series of and 60 sub-series of molybdenum deposits with molybdenum as the dominant metal and corresponding representative molybdenum deposits proposed.Metallogenic lineages of molybdenum deposits were also established.Spatial-temporal evolution of different types of molybdenum deposits,and the relationship between Mo-mineralization and tectonic evolution have been discussed in this paper.On this basis,the authors think that element Mo is an effective tracer for recording the crustal evolution history of China.At present,there are some problems in the exploration of Mo deposits in China,such as uneven exploration degrees in eastern and western China,shallow exploration depth,low and uneven grade,complex associated components,difficulty of mineral development and utilization,increasing costs of prospecting,and so on.According to successful experience of superficial and deep prospecting and considering also the discussion above,some suggestions are proposed for the prospecting of molybdenum deposits in the future.     

巴西大豆生产、贸易特征及对中国的启示

巴西大豆近十年快速发展,产量迅速提高,国际贸易地位不断上升。本文对巴西大豆产业发展作了深层次的原因分析,即政府强大的科技投入和产业政策支持,使巴西大豆不断采用优良品种和先进的栽培技术,成为农产品出口创汇的第一来源。借鉴巴西大豆成功经验,作者提出了中国大豆产业发展的具体措施与建议。     

西部地质公园建设与保护的意义及应注意的问题

地质遗迹是不可再生资源,建立地质公园是充分利用地质资源的一种创举,对于保护地质遗迹、恢复生态环境具有重要的意义。西部地区由于种种原因,地质公园的建设工作还存在很多问题,针对这些问题,本文指出了中国西部地质公园建设与保护工作应注意的问题。     

地震预测方法概述

以国内外大量研究成果为基础,详细介绍了各种地震预测分析的方法,分析了潮汐力谐振-共振波法、电离地层常规-异常观测法、氢同位素法、GPS法、钻孔应力变化观测法、地应力法、水下异常观测法和电磁异常法等多种方法。明确了未来发展的需要和应关注的重点,对于地球圈中的物理-化学机制还有待进一步的研究;同时对未来地震预测的发展提出了一些建议,研究地震前兆的机理将是未来地震预测方法研究的要点和关键所在。     

云南鲁甸地震灾害应急救援环境分析与影响快速评估

2014年8月3日16时30分,云南省昭通市鲁甸县发生6.5级地震,此次地震危害性较大。在快速收集震区地震烈度分布、地形状况、土地利用/覆盖现状、乡镇人口、居民点分布、房屋建筑物以及高分辨率遥感图像等信息的基础上,应用GIS空间分析和定量评估模型,对重灾区自然环境状况,受灾人口、房屋建筑物及道路交通等敏感受体影响,牛栏江沿岸次生地质灾害风险等级,坡耕地退耕及水土流失防治4个方面进行了快速评估,并针对震区人员救助、地质次生灾害防治以及灾后重建生态治理提出了科学的对策建议。